●沈寒梅

在江蘇英語(yǔ)高考題型中，任務(wù)型閱讀總分10 分，該題型主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)所提供閱讀材料的信息解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力。如何提高學(xué)生的任務(wù)型閱讀能力，順應(yīng)高考改革的新趨勢(shì)？本文著力從以下幾個(gè)方面談?wù)勅绾巫寣W(xué)生更好地完成任務(wù)型閱讀題。

1. 任務(wù)型閱讀題型解讀

任務(wù)型閱讀是由文字和圖表共同組成的,先給出一篇短文，可能是記敘文、說(shuō)明文或議論文，題材廣泛。圖表一般分為樹(shù)狀形，表格式，太陽(yáng)式。樹(shù)狀形一般是先總后分，表格式對(duì)比推進(jìn)，太陽(yáng)式由點(diǎn)到面。要求學(xué)生在讀懂所給材料的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步分析、總結(jié)、概括、歸納文中的信息，并把與之有關(guān)的詞匯正確填在橫線(xiàn)上。

2. 任務(wù)型閱讀填詞類(lèi)型解讀

任務(wù)型閱讀填詞一般包括使用原詞，變形轉(zhuǎn)換，總結(jié)概括。

2.1 使用原詞是最簡(jiǎn)單的，也是學(xué)生們最喜歡的。如：

In 2003, a Chinese doctor, Dr Yuan Minsheng, found that aspirin could reduce blood sugar levels and, therefore, help people with diabetes.

Aspirin It can reduce blood sugar levels,thus helping people with _______.

本題直接填上原詞diabetes。

2.2 變性轉(zhuǎn)換一般分為前綴和后綴轉(zhuǎn)換，同義詞和反義詞轉(zhuǎn)換，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，句子結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換，另選其它詞來(lái)釋義。

They have no TVs or refrigerators because their homes do not have electricity --- they do not think it is necessary.

They think homes do not have electricity--- they think it’s _______.

答案是unnecessary。

Unfortunately, the number of vehicles on the road caused unbelievable traffic jams.

The number of vehicles on the road_______ to unbelievable traffic jams.

答案是led to。

In 1854, the British government gave approval to the construction by the Metropolitan Railway Company of an underground railway in the centre of London.

In 1854, the British government _______ the construction.

答案是approved。

This study shows that people who spent too much time on the Internet tends to withdraw from the people and the world round them.

Some students _______ too much time on the Internet tends to withdraw from the people and the world round them.

答案是spending。

Now, instead of spending time together in the evening, some families spend their time apart because one or more members are using the computer, or are in a booth at an Internet café.

Some families spend _______time together because of using the computer.

答案是spend less time。

3. 任務(wù)型閱讀技巧解讀

任務(wù)型閱讀的解題思路一般是理解文章，分析表格，定位信息，分析整合信息，選擇合適詞匯表達(dá)。具體步驟方法是略讀，掃讀，細(xì)讀，復(fù)讀。略讀即瀏覽全文，確定主題，理清框架結(jié)構(gòu)和段落大意。掃讀：掃讀圖表，分析表格結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容，明確任務(wù)要求。細(xì)讀：帶著問(wèn)題深入閱讀，定位所需信息，分析整合、轉(zhuǎn)換概括、準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)。復(fù)讀：認(rèn)真校對(duì)，糾正錯(cuò)誤。在解題時(shí)我們需要重視文章段落和表格層次的一一對(duì)應(yīng)。如文章段落主題句和表格里的小標(biāo)題，文章段落細(xì)節(jié)和表格詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，文章細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容和表格小標(biāo)題。做完后我們需要審核注意詞的大小寫(xiě)、單復(fù)數(shù)、關(guān)注詞形、詞性和動(dòng)詞的正確形式，準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)。

任務(wù)型閱讀相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)是一種新型的高考題型，它是閱讀理解和考生英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)考查的綜合。只有重視對(duì)任務(wù)型閱讀題型的訓(xùn)練，立足雙基，夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，領(lǐng)會(huì)做題步驟，教給解題方法，注重解題能力的訓(xùn)練與培養(yǎng)，遵循循序漸進(jìn)及有效閱讀的原則，那么任務(wù)型閱讀完全可以成為能夠拿到高分的題型。