劉飛飛， 柯勝兵， 王建盼， 畢守東*， 鄒運鼎， 周夏芝， 黨鳳花， 徐勁峰， 禹坤， 趙學(xué)娟

(1.安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)理學(xué)院，合肥 230036；2.安徽省潛山縣植保站，安徽 潛山 246300)

蜘蛛類天敵與茶尺蠖幼蟲空間關(guān)系的聚塊樣方方差分析

劉飛飛1， 柯勝兵1， 王建盼1， 畢守東1*， 鄒運鼎1， 周夏芝1， 黨鳳花1， 徐勁峰2， 禹坤1， 趙學(xué)娟1

(1.安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)理學(xué)院，合肥 230036；2.安徽省潛山縣植保站，安徽 潛山 246300)

用聚塊樣方方差分析法、灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析法、空間格局聚集強度指數(shù)法和ρ指數(shù)法對安徽省潛山縣茶園茶尺蠖及其8種蜘蛛之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明：與茶尺蠖空間上跟隨關(guān)系密切的天敵是三突花蟹蛛(關(guān)聯(lián)度值為0.856 8)和八點球腹蛛(0.788 8)，跟隨關(guān)系較不密切的天敵是鞍形花蟹蛛(0.631 2)和日本球腹蛛(0.569 8)；聚塊樣方方差分析和聚集強度分析表明，在聚塊內(nèi)有1～32個基本樣方時，隨著聚塊內(nèi)基本樣方數(shù)的增多，聚集格局的擴散系數(shù)C值不斷增大，均勻和隨機格局的擴散系數(shù)C值不斷減??；茶尺蠖及其蜘蛛在聚塊基本樣方數(shù)為2、4、8、16和32時與為1時之間的空間分布聚集程度差異均不顯著；茶尺蠖的種群聚集均數(shù)λ在多數(shù)情況下大于2，聚集是由其本身原因造成的，在種群聚集均數(shù)為正值時，隨著聚塊內(nèi)基本樣方數(shù)的增加，種群聚集均數(shù)不斷增大；用茶尺蠖不同大小聚塊的ρ指數(shù)判斷其聚集時個體群的最小范圍表明，茶尺蠖個體群聚集格局的最小面積是聚塊中具有1個基本樣方，即該文的1.7 m2，這為對該害蟲抽樣時確定樣方大小提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。

茶尺蠖； 蜘蛛類天敵； 空間關(guān)系； 聚塊樣方方差分析； 灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析

Summary The relationships between insect pests and their natural enemies include the quantitative relations of their occurrence, the temporal relationships of their occurrence as well as their spatial distribution patterns. In previous studies, the quantitative relationships between tea pests and their spider natural predators have been researched by grey correlation degree analysis. In addition, the niche overlap index and niche similarity coefficient analysis methods have been used to assess the natural predators of pests, which studied the spatial and temporal relationships of the insect pests and their natural predators. Moreover, the ranges of spatial dependence (RSDs) of natural enemies and insect pests were respectively calculated by the method of geostatistics. Then the RSDs were analyzed using grey correlation degree analysis to systematically investigate the spatial relationships between pests and enemies.

Spiders are the major natural enemies ofEctropisobliquehypulina. Therefore, scientifically utilizing and conserving spider natural enemies for integrated insect pest control of tea is necessary, and can provide scientific basis for evaluating the dominant natural enemies ofE.obliquehypulina. In this work, the close degree of spatial following relationship betweenE.obliquehypulinaand its natural enemies was examined. And the sampling size of quadrat ofE.obliquehypulinain tea garden in Qianshan area, Anhui Province was estimated by blocked quadrat variance analysis, grey relation analysis, aggregated-intensity index method of spatial patterns andρindex method.

The results showed that the most closely followed spider natural enemies ofE.obliquehypulinawereMisumenopstricuspidatusandTheridionoctomaculatum, with correlation degree values of 0.856 8 and 0.788 8, respectively, whilst the less close following relationships were found to beXysticusephippiatusandEnoplognathajaponica, with correlation degree values of 0.631 2 and 0.569 8, respectively. Combining the blocked quadrat variance analysis with aggregated-intensity analysis, the results showed the diffusion coefficientC-value of aggregation pattern increased with the increase of basic quadrats when there were 1-32 basic quadrats in the poly-block. But as for uniform and random pattern, it was continuous decrease. When the numbers of basic quadrat within the poly-block were 2, 4, 6, 8, 16 and 32 as compared with 1, the gathering degree of spatial distribution ofE.obliquehypulinaand its spider predators was not significant difference. In the most cases, the averageλvalues ofE.obliquehypulinawere more than 2, indicating that the gathering was caused by the pest itself. When theλvalues were positive, along with the increase of quadrats in the poly-block, the gathering averages were continuously increasing. The smallest scope of individual population aggregation was evaluated by usingρindex ofE.obliquehypulinaunder different sizes of poly-blocks. As a result, the minimum area of individual population aggregation pattern ofE.obliquehypulinahad one basic quadrat with 1.7 m2in this study, which provided a scientific basis for determining the size of quadrat on the pests sampling.

茶尺蠖(Ectropisobliquehypulina)是我國主要茶樹害蟲之一，廣泛分布于各主要茶區(qū)，在長江中下游茶區(qū)尤以蘇、浙、皖接壤地區(qū)危害嚴(yán)重;國外分布于日本。茶尺蠖幼蟲取食常使茶叢光禿，同時還危害大豆、豇豆、芝麻、向日葵、辣蓼等植物。在安徽省宣城地區(qū)1年發(fā)生6代，浙江省杭州市1年發(fā)生7代[1]。溫度對茶尺蠖繁殖力的影響明顯，最適于21～26 ℃發(fā)生，繁殖力最強;大于26 ℃時，蟲口急劇下降；大于29 ℃時生活力明顯減弱[2]。茶尺蠖的天敵種類較多，茶園蜘蛛是茶尺蠖捕食性天敵的主要類群，三突花蟹蛛(Misumenopstricuspidatus)日捕食其1～2齡幼蟲1.4～1.7頭，鞍形花蟹蛛(Xysticusephippiatus)日捕食1～3頭[3-5]，幼蟲期茶尺蠖絨繭蜂(Apantelessp.)、單白綿絨繭蜂(Apantelessp.)等的寄生率均在20%～30%，最高達(dá)70%以上[6]。許寧等[7]分離和鑒定了引誘茶尺蠖天敵寄生蜂的茶樹揮發(fā)物種類；張xx正群等[8]研究了14種植物精油對茶尺蠖行為的影響；葉恭銀等[9]研究表明茶尺蠖核型多角體病毒對宿主種群有一定的控制作用；曹士先等[10]基于cDNA擴增片段長度多態(tài)性發(fā)掘了茶樹被茶尺蠖取食誘導(dǎo)的相關(guān)差異基因及其表達(dá)特征；任紅樓等[11]研究了5種新型低毒農(nóng)藥對茶尺蠖的田間防控效果；孫欽玉等[12]研究了在進(jìn)行生物防治、物理防治的同時，使用15%茚蟲威、2.5%聯(lián)苯菊酯、22%阿立卡等對茶尺蠖的防治效果。天敵與害蟲之間在數(shù)量、時間、空間方面跟隨關(guān)系的密切程度直接與天敵對害蟲的控制作用大小有關(guān)。本文嘗試用聚塊樣方方差分析法、灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析法、聚集程度指數(shù)法和ρ指數(shù)法，綜合分析天敵對茶尺蠖幼蟲在空間上跟隨關(guān)系的密切程度、種群聚集原因和個體群聚集的范圍大小，為茶尺蠖幼蟲的天敵優(yōu)勢種評定和抽樣樣方大小的確定提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。

1 材料與方法

1.1 供試茶園概況

供試茶園為安徽省潛山縣園藝茶場(30°41′ N，116°34′ E)，屬小平原，面積25.3 hm2，海拔46 m；單作，茶樹品種為8 年生天柱山群體種，行距1.7 m。茶園管理水平精細(xì)，茶樹生長茂密，試驗區(qū)茶園一直不施用化學(xué)農(nóng)藥。

1.2 調(diào)查方法

采用平行跳躍法。隨機取10行，每行間隔2 m取一個1 m長的樣方，共取104個樣方。盆拍前，先目測，然后每樣方隨機選取10片葉，調(diào)查一些不易振落的害蟲和天敵種類，然后用洗衣粉水液粘蟲對樣方中所有枝條進(jìn)行盆拍，調(diào)查記載害蟲及其天敵物種數(shù)和個體數(shù)。

1.3 調(diào)查時間

2009年4月15日至10月28日，15～20 d調(diào)查1次，共11次。

1.4 數(shù)學(xué)分析方法

1.4.1 茶尺蠖與其天敵空間動態(tài)的聚塊樣方方差分析 聚塊樣方方差分析[13]是在不同大小樣方上的方差分析，是一種簡單、有效的生態(tài)學(xué)空間格局分析方法。該方法要求供試田塊上的樣方在空間上相互連接，隨著聚塊所包含的基本樣方數(shù)目從1，2，4，8，…,n(指數(shù)級數(shù))不斷增加，聚塊方差值常隨之改變，通過不同大小聚塊方差值的變化，了解研究對象隨尺度增大的變化動態(tài)。

在一樣帶上連續(xù)分布的樣方，變量(茶尺蠖和其8種天敵在每個樣方上的數(shù)量)為X，讓聚塊內(nèi)基本樣方數(shù)成指數(shù)增大，計算其均方差(mean square, MS)。當(dāng)每聚塊僅包含1個基本樣方時，其均方差計算公式為

式中：MS(1)為聚塊含1個基本樣方時的均方差值；k為聚塊所含基本樣方數(shù)。

當(dāng)每個聚塊包含2個基本樣方時，

依此類推，直到聚塊所含的基本樣方數(shù)為n/2，這時均方差的計算公式為

(Xi+1+Xi+2+…+Xi+n/2)]2。

聚塊樣方方差分析的目的是分析聚塊大小對方差的影響。如果均方差在某一聚塊大小上出現(xiàn)峰值，則表明田間害蟲及其天敵的空間分布具有規(guī)律性，害蟲和其天敵聚集范圍的空間大小大致等于峰值出現(xiàn)時聚塊的大小。如果同時出現(xiàn)幾個峰值，則表明田間害蟲和其天敵可能存在幾種不同尺度的聚集空間，本文以最大峰值為對象進(jìn)行分析。如果均方差值為一常數(shù)，即不隨聚塊大小而變化，則表明害蟲和其天敵聚集的空間大小是無規(guī)律的。

1.4.2 茶尺蠖與其天敵空間關(guān)系的灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析[14]將茶尺蠖及其天敵均方差峰值的基本樣方數(shù)(聚集空間大小)分別看作一個本征性灰系統(tǒng)，茶尺蠖每次峰值的基本樣方數(shù)(聚集空間大小Yi)分別作為該系統(tǒng)的參照序列。將不同時點上的茶尺蠖聚集空間大小Yi與天敵峰值聚塊的基本樣方數(shù)(聚集空間大小)Xj在第k點上的效果白化值進(jìn)行雙序列關(guān)系分析：

Yi={Yi(1),Yi(2),…,Yi(n)}，i=1,2,3,4,5;

Xj={Xj(1),Xj(2),…,Xj(n)},j=1,2,3,…,6。

經(jīng)數(shù)據(jù)均值化后得：

Yi={yi(1),yi(2),…,yi(n)}，i=1,2,3,4,5;

xj={xj(1),xj(2),…,xj(n)},j=1,2,3,…,6。

Yi與Xj在第k點上的關(guān)聯(lián)系數(shù)rij(k)為

rij(k)=[min min|yi(k)-xj(k)|+ρmaxmax|yi(k)-xj(k)|]/[|yi(k)-xj(k)|+ρmaxmax|yi(k)-xj(k)|],k=1,2,3,…,n。

式中：ρ為分辨系數(shù)，取值區(qū)間[0，1],一般取ρ=0.5，為擴大各關(guān)聯(lián)度之間的差異，本文取ρ=0.8；Δij(k)=yi(k)-xj(k)為yi與xj序列在第k點上的絕對值差；min|yi(k)-xj(k)|為1級最小差，表示找出yi與xj序列對應(yīng)點差值中的最小差；而min min|yi(k)-xj(k)|為2級最小差，表示在1級最小差的基礎(chǔ)上再找出其中的最小差；max|yi(k)-xj(k)|與max max|yi(k)-xj(k)|分別為1級和2級最大差，其含義與上述最小差相似。R(Yi,Xj)=1/n∑rij(k)，為第j種天敵(Xj)與茶尺蠖聚集空間大小的關(guān)聯(lián)度，其大小反映了天敵Xj對茶尺蠖Yi在空間上跟隨的密切程度。關(guān)聯(lián)度值越大，表明二者在空間上關(guān)系越密切。

2 結(jié)果與分析

調(diào)查結(jié)果表明:茶園共有52種害蟲和37種捕食性天敵，茶尺蠖是主要害蟲之一，其主要捕食性天敵蜘蛛有草間小黑蛛(Erigonidiumgraminicolum)、八點球腹蛛(Theridionoctomaculatum)、錐腹肖蛸(Tetragnathamaxillosa)、鞍型花蟹蛛、日本球腹蛛(Enoplognathajaponica)、茶色新圓蛛(Neosconatheisi)、三突花蟹蛛、斑管巢蛛(Clubionareichini)；4月29日以后茶尺蠖幼蟲數(shù)量迅速增加，6月下旬和10月下旬?dāng)?shù)量最多，即第3代和第6代發(fā)生量大；春夏季草間小黑蛛、八點球腹蛛和錐腹肖蛸數(shù)量較多，秋冬季三突花蟹蛛和斑管巢蛛數(shù)量較多(圖1)。

Y：茶尺蠖 (Ectropis oblique hypulina)；X1：草間小黑蛛(Erigonidium graminicolum)；X2：八點球腹蛛(Theridion octomaculatum)；X3：錐腹肖蛸(Tetragnatha maxillosa)；X4：鞍型花蟹蛛(Xysticus ephippiatus)；X5：日本球腹蛛(Enoplognatha japonica)；X6：茶色新圓蛛(Neoscona theisi)；X7：三突花蟹蛛(Misumenops tricuspidatus)；X8：斑管巢蛛(Clubiona reichini)。

2.1 茶尺蠖及其8種天敵空間關(guān)系的聚塊樣方方差分析

在一般情況下害蟲數(shù)量多時害蟲與天敵的動態(tài)可較準(zhǔn)確地反映天敵與害蟲之間關(guān)系的密切程度。本文選擇6月6日、6月22日、7月13日、8月3日、9月7日和10月28日數(shù)量較多時的茶尺蠖及其8種主要天敵草間小黑蛛、斑管巢蛛、八點球腹蛛、三突花蟹蛛、日本球腹蛛、茶色新圓蛛、錐腹肖蛸和鞍形花蟹蛛的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行聚塊樣方方差分析(表1)。從中可以看出，茶尺蠖均方差峰值的基本樣方數(shù)按時間先后依次是4、32、4、32、32和16個。為了分析天敵對茶尺蠖在空間上跟隨關(guān)系的密切程度，對茶尺蠖及其8種天敵均方差峰值時的聚塊內(nèi)基本樣方數(shù)(表2)進(jìn)行灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析，結(jié)果是三突花蟹蛛(X7)和八點球腹蛛(X2)與基本樣方數(shù)的關(guān)聯(lián)度值最大，分別為0.856 3和0.788 8，其余依次是錐腹肖蛸(X3)、斑管巢蛛(X8)、草間小黑蛛(X1)、茶色新圓蛛(X6)、鞍形花蟹蛛(X4)和日本球腹蛛(X5)，關(guān)聯(lián)度依次是0.770 4、0.711 0、0.644 9、0.631 2和0.569 8。說明三突花蟹蛛和八點球腹蛛對茶尺蠖在空間上的跟隨關(guān)系最密切，鞍形花蟹蛛和日本球腹蛛跟隨關(guān)系較不密切。

表1 茶尺蠖與其8種天敵在不同大小聚塊下的均方差

續(xù)表1 茶尺蠖與其8種天敵在不同大小聚塊下的均方差

Y，X1～X8代表的屬種名詳見圖1注；—：無真值.

Please see the footnote of Fig.1 for details ofYandX1-X8. —: No truth-value.

表2 茶尺蠖及其8種天敵聚集分布格局范圍(均方差峰值時的樣方數(shù))

Table 2 Scope of aggregation distribution pattern ofE.obliquehypulinaand eight species of natural enemies (the number of quadrats on the peak value of mean-variance)

日期DateYX1X2X3X4X5X6X7X806064824168168806223216324184162071343288—884808033288832213216090732141616—116210281618216168832

Y，X1～X8代表的屬種名詳見圖1注；—：無真值.

Please see the footnote of Fig.1 for the details ofYandX1-X8. —: No truth-value.

2.2 以不同大小聚塊為單位的茶尺蠖及其天敵的空間格局

表3 茶尺蠖與其8種天敵在不同大小聚塊的擴散系數(shù)C值

續(xù)表3 茶尺蠖與其8種天敵在不同大小聚塊的擴散系數(shù)C值

Continuation Table 3 Diffusion coefficientC-value ofE.obliquehypulinaand eight species of natural enemies under different sizes of poly-blocks

物種Species自由度df聚塊內(nèi)基本樣方數(shù)No.ofquadrats(k)日期Date060606220713080309071028X49511.02321.0383—1.22582.82151.52034720.83200.9728—1.16444.16991.89762340.98630.7550—1.63345.07852.16491181.20090.8843—1.70149.52713.88845161.56840.7455—1.85718.48013.77742320.36841.4545—4.42865.60000.1321X59511.20331.15791.42380.9910—1.00004721.33661.77302.04220.9779—1.00002341.91541.65222.25690.9569—1.00001181.32732.24243.94550.9089—1.00005160.94821.20001.63270.8000—1.00002320.94551.16672.03642.0000—1.0000X69510.90500.98401.00211.30541.17521.30904721.01291.39021.19571.10630.97641.21722341.23471.72571.42130.95650.79711.23471181.27271.91531.83640.77270.73741.27285162.32002.02071.46000.57500.77770.88002322.80002.72411.96250.22950.77780.4000X79510.89460.84191.01051.25452.07491.12974720.78710.93630.76601.63452.64301.34112340.75501.26081.04352.07163.76491.64521180.78511.54550.72722.49205.12462.80875160.74551.60000.80002.61186.88891.94732320.63640.80000.37505.32350.22222.5790X89511.07790.98405.63001.80240.92941.13054721.06081.39026.38411.99120.89691.53162341.02481.72575.96112.56730.62881.81251181.15581.91536.43544.18850.72731.48295161.22862.02073.65264.73640.39991.74752321.00002.72416.15793.97560.07692.2787

Y，X1～X8代表的屬種名詳見圖1注；—：無真值.

Please see the footnote of Fig.1 for the details ofYandX1-X8. —: No truth-value.

n1=96-1=95,n2=∞，F(xiàn)0.05=1.000 0；n1=48-1=47，n2=∞，F(xiàn)0.05=1.49；n1=24-1=23,n2=∞，F(xiàn)0.05=1.55；n1=12-1=11,n2=∞，F(xiàn)0.05=1.81；n1=6-1=5,n2=∞，F(xiàn)0.05=2.21；n1=3-1=2,n2=∞，F(xiàn)0.05=3.00.

2.3 茶尺蠖及其天敵在不同聚塊基本樣方數(shù)時空間分布格局的聚集程度差異

表4 天敵與茶尺蠖在聚塊基本樣方數(shù)為2、4、8、16和32時與為1個時的分布格局聚集程度差異|w|值

Table 4 Difference in spatial distribution pattern |w| value ofE.obliquehypulinaand its natural enemies between the basic blocks of 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32 and 1

日期Date聚塊數(shù)No.ofblocks聚塊內(nèi)基本樣方數(shù)No.ofquadrats(k)YX1X2X3X4X5X6X7X806064820.11640.12140.04200.07470.10350.05250.05630.06400.00802440.15570.06160.11450.17160.01850.23240.15530.08480.02531280.06050.51460.18570.12500.08000.04900.17050.06530.03496160.35470.40440.00730.27040.21350.11910.47070.09120.06543320.14810.75400.03790.39120.51080.12060.56470.17030.037506224820.05830.05920.10310.06320.05150.21300.17280.05310.12382440.16070.12440.04210.14840.17820.17780.28090.20190.05081280.47740.17560.08680.15130.09920.33050.33300.30370.04686160.65050.50440.00600.05060.18450.01790.35980.32100.15433320.95420.29970.23300.06010.14960.00380.50910.01780.084407134820.10380.21030.08970.0912—0.18030.08830.13850.06292440.09080.42410.28520.0397—0.23030.17470.01610.02861280.00640.67330.53460.0949—0.50960.30290.16450.06696160.22280.92830.54800.1324—0.06840.18820.11680.21633320.27900.88220.64320.1486—0.17890.33610.49560.044808034820.05350.08680.13800.06940.02570.00670.08270.13230.04982440.20770.10280.04410.16770.14350.01750.15550.25080.17691280.25590.23120.32430.16490.16390.03240.26220.34320.42166160.52290.01340.04280.10770.20770.10710.40990.36670.48313320.75280.13401.06280.22590.64220.35110.86920.72270.395509074820.24000.19160.17120.16910.1953-0.09270.12100.01782440.24880.38220.21850.19350.2939—0.19410.29790.19541280.30070.43810.25640.31750.6084—0.23300.45210.12266160.47480.67230.12870.52200.5502—0.20640.60000.42173320.51111.01710.04510.04430.3427—0.20641.11701.246010284820.04090.16910.06900.01440.1108—0.03640.08580.15182440.23670.27280.20120.04530.1767—0.02920.18800.23601280.42440.38320.01230.11930.4695—0.01400.45540.13576160.61550.46790.84240.09300.4551—0.19850.27220.21783320.35750.73740.73080.26591.2216—0.59280.41270.3505

Y，X1～X8代表的屬種名詳見圖1注；—：無真值.

Please see the footnote of Fig.1 for the details ofYandX1-X8. —: No truth-value.

n=48,|w|=0.364 7;n=24,|w|=0.521 3;n=12,|w|=0.753 8;n=6,|w|=1.118 0;n=3,|w|=1.767 8.

2.4 天敵和茶尺蠖在不同大小聚塊條件下種群聚集均數(shù)的變化

表5 不同大小聚塊條件下茶尺蠖及其天敵的種群聚集均數(shù)λ值

續(xù)表5 不同大小聚塊條件下茶尺蠖及其天敵的種群聚集均數(shù)λ值

Y，X1～X8代表的屬種名詳見圖1注；—：無真值.

Please see the footnote of Fig.1 for the details ofYandX1-X8. —: No truth-value.

2.5 不同大小聚塊條件下茶尺蠖的ρ指數(shù)

對個體群聚集時占據(jù)的面積，Iwao[20]提出用ρ指數(shù)來測定。該方法只對生活在樣方大小按規(guī)律增加的生境中的動物適用，ρ指數(shù)說明了樣方大小范圍根據(jù)個體群面積發(fā)生的急劇變化。當(dāng)ρ指數(shù)隨著樣方大小范圍(即本文中聚塊的基本樣方數(shù))增大而變化，以ρ指數(shù)為縱軸，樣方大小為橫軸作圖，其中ρ指數(shù)最大的2個樣方之間即是該動物個體群聚集時占據(jù)的最小面積。不同聚塊大小條件下茶尺蠖的ρ指數(shù)見表6。從中可以看出，聚塊基本樣方數(shù)由2到1時的ρ指數(shù)值最大，為1.547 8，表明茶尺蠖個體群處于聚集格局時占據(jù)的最小范圍是聚塊中具有1個基本樣方。按照本文的調(diào)查方法計算，每一聚塊面積應(yīng)是1.7 m2，即取樣調(diào)查茶尺蠖時每個樣方應(yīng)不小于1.7 m2。

表6 不同聚塊大小條件下茶尺蠖的ρ指數(shù)

3 討論

天敵與害蟲之間的空間關(guān)系是評定天敵優(yōu)勢種的重要內(nèi)容[16]。目前關(guān)于天敵與害蟲空間關(guān)系的研究，一是采用聚集強度指數(shù)如擴散系數(shù)C、久野指數(shù)CA等比較天敵和害蟲的空間分布格局類型[21-22]；二是利用地學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法求得害蟲和天敵半變異函數(shù)的變程，將二者變程大小進(jìn)行比較或進(jìn)一步對二者變程進(jìn)行灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析，比較二者之間關(guān)聯(lián)度值的大小[23-33]；第三種方法是分析害蟲和天敵之間空間生態(tài)位重疊和相似情況，比較二者空間生態(tài)位重疊指數(shù)大小和相似系數(shù)大小[34]。本文采用聚塊樣方方差分析法分析害蟲與天敵之間的空間關(guān)系，一是可以明確害蟲處于聚集分布格局時個體群占據(jù)的范圍大小，可為抽樣時確定樣方大小提供參考；二是可以通過害蟲和天敵之間的均方差峰值時樣方數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)分析明確各種天敵在空間上對害蟲跟隨關(guān)系的密切程度，為綜合評判害蟲的天敵優(yōu)勢種提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。

4 結(jié)論

運用聚塊樣方方差分析法、灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析法、聚集強度指數(shù)法和ρ指數(shù)法研究安徽省潛山縣茶園天敵對茶尺蠖空間上的跟隨關(guān)系和個體群占據(jù)的最小面積，其結(jié)果如下：

1)與茶尺蠖空間上跟隨關(guān)系密切的天敵是三突花蟹蛛和八點球腹蛛；

2)鞍形花蟹蛛和日本球腹蛛與茶尺蠖空間上的跟隨關(guān)系較不密切；

3)在聚塊內(nèi)基本樣方數(shù)為1～32個時，隨著聚塊內(nèi)樣方數(shù)的增多，聚集格局的擴散系數(shù)C值一直在增大，均勻和隨機格局的擴散系數(shù)C值不斷減小；

4)茶尺蠖及其天敵在聚塊內(nèi)基本樣方數(shù)為2、4、8、16和32時與為1個時的空間聚集程度差異均不顯著；

5)茶尺蠖在不同聚塊條件下的聚集是由該害蟲本身原因引起的，在種群聚集均數(shù)為正值時，隨著聚塊中基本樣方數(shù)的增多，種群聚集均數(shù)不斷增大；

6)用不同大小聚塊的ρ指數(shù)判斷茶尺蠖個體群聚集時占據(jù)的最小面積為聚塊中具有1個基本樣方。

致謝 南京師范大學(xué)博士生導(dǎo)師馬飛教授在論文撰寫過程中給予了大力幫助，謹(jǐn)致謝意！

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Blocked quadrat variance analysis for spatial relation ofEctropisobliquehypulinalarva and spider natural enemies. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agric. & Life Sci.), 2015,41(2):133-146

Liu Feifei1, Ke Shengbing1, Wang Jianpan1, Bi Shoudong1*, Zou Yunding1, Zhou Xiazhi1, Dang Fenghua1, Xu Jinfeng2, Yu Kun1, Zhao Xuejuan1

(1.SchoolofScience,AnhuiAgriculturalUniversity,Hefei230036,China; 2.PlantProtectionStationofQianshanCityinAnhuiProvince,Qianshan246300,Anhui,China)

Ectropisobliquehypulina; spider natural enemy; spatial relationship; blocked quadrat variance analysis; grey correlation degree analysis

國家自然科學(xué)基金(30871444)；安徽省教育廳重點項目(KJ2008A139).

聯(lián)系方式：劉飛飛，E-mail:liufeifei805@163.com

2014-09-04；接受日期(Accepted)：2015-01-21；網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版日期(Published online)：2015-03-20

Q 968.1

A

*通信作者(Corresponding author)：畢守東，E-mail:bishoudong@163.com

URL:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/33.1247.S.20150320.1907.003.html