撰寫英文摘要注意事項(xiàng)
1.縮短文摘方法
1)語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔。應(yīng)盡量刪去不必要的字句:“It is reported”,“Extensive investigation show that”,“The author discusses”,“This paper concerned with”,“based on the analyses conducted”,“on the above basis”,“in detail”,“briefly”,“mainly”,“here”,“in addition”,“in this paper”,等等。
2)盡量簡(jiǎn)化一些措辭和重復(fù)的單元,刪繁從簡(jiǎn)。例如:
2.注意文法和文體風(fēng)格
1)用過去時(shí)態(tài)敘述作者工作,用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)敘述作者結(jié)論。
2)能用名詞做定語(yǔ)不要用動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ),能用形容詞作定語(yǔ)就不要用名詞作定語(yǔ)。例如:
用measurement accuracy,不用measuring accuracy;
用 experimental results,不用experiment results。
3)可直接用名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)的情況下,要少用of句型,例如:
4)可用動(dòng)詞的情況下盡量避免用動(dòng)詞的名詞形式,例如:
用 Thickness of plastic sheet was measured,不用Measurement of thickness of plastic sheet was made.
5)注意冠詞用法,不要誤用、濫用或隨便省略冠詞。如果不會(huì)引起誤解,可數(shù)名詞盡量用復(fù)數(shù)。
6)避免使用一長(zhǎng)串形容詞或名詞來修飾名詞??梢詫⑦@些詞分成幾個(gè)前置短語(yǔ),用連字符連接名詞組,作為單位形容詞(一個(gè)形容詞)。如用the chlorinecontaining propylene-based polymer of high melt index代替 the chlorine containing high melt index propylene based polymer.
7)盡量用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)代替被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如“A exceeds B”比“B is exceeded by A”好。
8)盡量用簡(jiǎn)短、詞義清楚并為人熟知的詞。技術(shù)名詞和專業(yè)用語(yǔ)必須謹(jǐn)慎推敲,保證準(zhǔn)確無誤。
9)語(yǔ)言要簡(jiǎn)練,但不得使用電報(bào)型語(yǔ)言。
如 Adsorption nitrobenzene on copperchromite investigation.應(yīng)為 Adsorption of nitrobenzene on copper chromite was investigated.
10)組織好句子,使動(dòng)詞盡量靠近主語(yǔ),例如:
用 When the pigment was dissolved in dioxane,decolorization was irreversible after 10 h of UV irradiation.
不用The decolorization in solutions of the pigment in dioxane,which were exposed to 10 h of UV irradiation,was no longer irreversible.
11)用重要的事實(shí)開頭,盡可能避免用輔助從句開頭,如:
用Power consumption of telephone switching systems was determined from data obtained experimentally.
不用 From dataobtained experimentally,power consumption of telephone switching systems was determined.
12)文摘詞語(yǔ)拼寫,用英美拼法都可以,但在每篇文章中須保持一致。
13)注意中英文不同的表達(dá)方法。不要簡(jiǎn)單地逐字直譯。例如,不要將“because”放在句首表達(dá)“因?yàn)椤边@一概念,“because”表示原因用在文摘中語(yǔ)氣過強(qiáng)。不要用“XX are analyzed and studied(discussed)”直譯“分析研究(討論)”這一中文概念。用“XX are analyzed”就可以。盡量不要使用“not only…but also”直譯中文“不但…而且”這一概念,用“and”就行。
摘編自《鐵道學(xué)報(bào)》