1. abandon v. 放棄，拋棄

（1） abandon sb to sth （不顧責(zé)任、義務(wù)等）遺棄某人給……

The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being abandoned to the care of strangers.

研究表明，老人十分害怕被丟給陌生人照管。

（2） abandon sth （to sb/sth） 不得已而放棄/舍棄

They had to abandon their lands and property to the invading forces.

他們不得不放棄土地和財(cái)產(chǎn)，讓侵略軍占領(lǐng)。

（3） abandon oneself to sth 陷入/沉湎于某種感情

He abandoned himself to despair.

他陷入絕望。

2. drown v. 淹死，使溺死

Two children drowned after falling into the river.

兩個(gè)孩子掉進(jìn)河里淹死了。

（1） drown sth in sth 把某物浸泡在……里

The fruit was drowned in cream.

水果在奶油里泡過(guò)。

（2） drown sb/sth out 壓過(guò)/蓋過(guò)某人/某物

She turned up the radio to drown out the noise from next door.

他開大了收音機(jī)的音量以壓過(guò)隔壁房間的吵鬧聲。

3. last v. 持續(xù)，繼續(xù)；繼續(xù)存在，持續(xù)起作用，持久

The meeting only lasted （for） a few minutes.

會(huì)議只開了幾分鐘。

This kind of weather wont last.

這種天氣持續(xù)不了多久。

Hes making a big effort now， and I hope it lasts.

現(xiàn)在他正加緊努力，我希望他能堅(jiān)持下去。

比較：last和take的區(qū)別

last和take均表示某事持續(xù)的時(shí)間。last表示某事持續(xù)的時(shí)間，但并非一定要與表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)連用；而take表示到某地或做某事需要的時(shí)間，必須與表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)連用。

The movie lasted over two hours.

這部電影長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩個(gè)多小時(shí)。

How long do you think this storm will last？

你看這暴風(fēng)雨會(huì)持續(xù)多久？

It takes （me） at least an hour to get home from work.

（我）下班回家至少得花一個(gè)小時(shí)。

How long will the flight take？

此次航班將飛行多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？

4. occupy v. 占領(lǐng)；使用，占用（空間、面積、時(shí)間等）

The capital has been occupied by the rebel army.

叛軍已占領(lǐng)了首都。

How much memory does the program occupy？

這個(gè)程序占用了多少內(nèi)存？

The bed seemed to occupy most of the room.

床似乎占去了大半個(gè)屋子。

5. wound v. 使（身體）受傷；使（心靈）受傷

About 50 people were seriously wounded in the attack.

在這次攻擊中，約有50人受重傷。

She felt deeply wounded by his cruel remarks.

他那刻薄的話語(yǔ)使她感到深受傷害。

6. rescue v. 營(yíng)救，拯救

rescue sb/sth （from sth/sb）（從某事中/某人手里）救出某

人/某物

They were eventually rescued by helicopter.

他們最后被直升機(jī)救走了。

He rescued a child from drowning.

他救起了一名落水兒童。

比較：save和rescue的區(qū)別

兩者均可表示“救”，save屬于普通用詞，使用廣泛，主要指把處于危險(xiǎn)或危機(jī)狀態(tài)中的人或物解救出來(lái)；而rescue則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的迅速，指從直接的或迫在眉睫的危險(xiǎn)中解救出來(lái)。兩者常可換用。

The brave firemen saved （rescued） people from a burning house.

勇敢的消防人員從燃燒的房子里把人救出來(lái)。

The house was rescued （saved） from demolition.

這所房子保住了，可以不拆。

7. drop vt. 扔下，投下

vi. 掉下，落下；液體滴落，滴下；（價(jià)格，

勁勢(shì)等）下降，下跌；累倒，累垮

I dropped the letter into the mail-box.

我將信投入信箱。

I dropped some small change into the collecting tin.

我把一些硬幣投進(jìn)募捐罐里了。

Tears dropped from her eyes.

淚水從她眼中滴落下來(lái)。

The price of coffee has dropped.

咖啡的價(jià)格已經(jīng)降下來(lái)了。

I will work till I drop.

我要工作到我倒下為止。

1） drop back/behind 后退，落后，落在……后面

2） drop by/in/round = drop in on sb 順便訪問(wèn)，順便進(jìn)入

3） drop off 打盹兒，小睡

4） drop out （of sth） 不再參加，退出，脫離

8. mess n. 混亂的局面，麻煩，困境；骯臟，雜亂

The economy is in a mess.

經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入了困境。

The whole situation is a mess.

整個(gè)情況都是一團(tuán)糟。

The kids made a mess in the bathroom.

孩子們把浴室搞得一塌糊涂。

9. shave v. & n. 刮胡子

The nurse washed and shaved him.

護(hù)士給他洗了臉，刮了胡子。

shave sth off 刮掉某物

Charles decided to shave off his beard.

查爾斯決定刮掉胡子。

I need a shave.

我需要刮胡子了。

10. cheers int.（用于祝酒）祝你健康！

Lets drink a toast to our hostess. Cheers！

為我們的女主人舉杯。干杯！

cheer n. 歡呼聲，喝彩聲

A great cheer went up from the crowd.

觀眾爆發(fā)出一陣熱烈的歡呼聲。

cheer v. 歡呼，喝彩，加油

We all cheered as the team came on to the field.

球隊(duì)入場(chǎng)時(shí)我們都為之歡呼。

cheerful adj. 快樂(lè)的，高興的，興高采烈的

He felt bright and cheerful and full of energy.

他感到興高采烈，渾身充滿活力。

11. worthwhile adj. 值得做的，有價(jià)值的，有用的

The smile on her face made it all worthwhile.

她臉上的笑容使得這一切都非常值得。

（1） worthwhile to do sth 值得去做某事

It is worthwhile to include really high-quality illustrations.

把真正高質(zhì)量的插圖包括進(jìn)去是值得的。

（2） worthwhile doing sth 值得做了某事

It didnt seem worthwhile writing it all out again.

把它都在寫出來(lái)似乎不必要。

比較：worth，worthy和worthwhile的區(qū)別

這三個(gè)詞都是形容詞，都有“值得”的意思，但用法或搭配關(guān)系不同。

（1） worth只能作表語(yǔ)，意思為“值……的”“相當(dāng)于……的價(jià)值的”“有……價(jià)值的”“值得……的”。由于它類似介詞，須在后面接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。

This second-hand car is worth $2000 at the most.

The exhibition is worth a visit/visiting.

Its not worth getting angry with him.

（2） worthy可作表語(yǔ)，也可作定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)意思為“有價(jià)值的”“值得尊敬的”“應(yīng)受到賞識(shí)的”；作表語(yǔ)時(shí)意思為“值得……的”“應(yīng)得到……的”，其后接of sth，也可以后接to do sth。

Guangzhou is worthy of a visit/to be visited.

He said he was not worthy to accept such honour.

The school has educated many worthy young people.

（3） worthwhile與worthy一樣，既可作表語(yǔ)，又可作定語(yǔ)。表示某事因重要、有趣或從中受益大而值得花時(shí)間、金錢或努力去做，一般意為“值得的”“值得做的”“有意義的”。用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，可接動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式。

The Summer Palace is worthwhile having/to have a visit.

Helping old people is a worthwhile activity.

Thank you for your worthwhile suggestion.

12. encourage v. 鼓舞，鼓勵(lì)

（1） encourage sb in sth 在某事上鼓勵(lì)某人

My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career.

在我選擇職業(yè)時(shí)父母總是鼓勵(lì)我。

（2） encourage sth in sb/sth 在某人/某物上助長(zhǎng)某人

They claim that some computer games encourage violent behavior in young children.

他們聲稱有些電腦游戲助長(zhǎng)兒童的暴力行為。

13. arm v. 裝備，武裝

arm oneself/sb with sth 用某物武裝自己/某人

The crowd armed themselves with sticks and stones.

群眾拿起棍棒和石塊武裝自己。

She had armed herself for the meeting with all the latest statistics.

為了這次會(huì)議，她準(zhǔn)備了所有最新的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料。

14. declare war on 向……宣戰(zhàn)

His government has declared war on the neighbouring country tonight.

他的政府已在今夜向鄰國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)了。

15. make a breakthrough 取得重大突破（進(jìn)展）

The key to the problems is to make a breakthrough with a clear aim.

有針對(duì)性地尋找突破是解決這些問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。

16. pick up 停下來(lái)讓某人搭車（船等）；救起

He picked me up a few days later for a movie and dinner.

幾天后他來(lái)接我，我們一起看電影，吃晚飯。

In the end， a boat picked me up.

最后，一艘船把我救起來(lái)了。

17. to ones astonishment 令某人驚訝的是

To my astonishment， he threw out the book and screamed at me.

令我驚訝的是，他把那本書丟出去并向我大聲喊叫。

幽默故事

One day， a father and his little son were going home. At this age， the boy was interested in all kinds of things and was always asking questions. Now， he asked， “Whats the meaning of the word ‘Drunk， dad？” “Well， my son，” his father replied， “l(fā)ook， there are standing two policemen. If I regard the two policemen as four， then I am drunk.”

“But， dad，” the boy said， “theres only ONE policeman！”