一、考綱解讀

1. 考試說明。

寫作是四項語言技能中不可分割的一個重要部分，更是語言生成能力的重要表現(xiàn)形式。該部分要求考生根據(jù)提示進行書面表達?？忌鷳?yīng)能：

寫作安排在試卷的第四部分。本部分共兩節(jié)，測試考生的書面表達能力。第一節(jié)是短文改錯，滿分10分。第二節(jié)為書面表達，滿分25分。要求考生根據(jù)所給情景，用英語寫一篇100 個單詞左右的短文。情景包括目的、對象、時間、地點、內(nèi)容等；提供情景的形式有圖畫、圖表、提綱等。

整個第四部分所需時間約為35分鐘，其中，書面表達一般為25分鐘左右。時間很緊，如果前面的閱讀理解和完形填空等題目做得快，可以剩下更多的時間來寫作文。

2. 樣題分析。

（1）樣題。

我們以2015年的高考英語新課標I卷試題作為樣題進行分析，以期幫助大家了解命題規(guī)律和命題趨勢。

第二節(jié) 書面表達（滿分25分）

假定你是李華，你校英文報“外國文化”欄目擬刊登美國節(jié)日風俗和中學生生活的短文。請給美國朋友彼得寫信約稿，要點如下：

1. 欄目介紹；

2. 稿件內(nèi)容；

3. 稿件長度：約 400 詞；

4. 交稿日期：6 月 28 日前。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù) 100 左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 開頭語已為你寫好。

Dear Peter，

I’d like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper.

...

（2）參考范文 （One Possible Version）。

Dear Peter，

I’d like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper.

The“Foreign Cultures”section in our newspaper is very popular among us students. It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States？ And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals， and the life of American high school students. You can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative. 400 words would be fine. Could we have your article before June 28？

I’m looking forward to hearing from you.

Yours，

Li Hua

（3）分析。

2015全國新課標I卷的英語作文題目，是要求考生寫約稿函，屬于應(yīng)用文文體里的書信作文。書信寫作特點就是：簡明易懂。需要注意書信作文三段論，中間段里要注意使用恰當?shù)倪B接詞，使上下連貫，邏輯通順。

以下為某一考生根據(jù)寫作提綱寫出的作文：

Dear Peter，

How are you doing recently？ （問候） Our school English newspaper has a column called“Foreign Culture”， which are written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. （寫信背景） I’d like to ask you to write an article for it. （寫信目的）

Here are some details about it. （主題句） You may talk about your life in your middle school. （拓展句1：簡單句） You can also introduce a Western festival， like the Thanksgiving Day， the Christmas Day， or the New Year’s Day， which must be very interesting. （拓展句2：簡單句+平行并列結(jié)構(gòu)+定語從句） What’s more， your article should be at least 400 words. （拓展句3：簡單句） Would you be so kind as to send it to us before June 28th， so that it can be published in time？ （拓展句4：復合句+禮貌請求）

Hopefully， you could do me the favor. （結(jié)尾句之一：愿望） I have the confidence that everyone will like your article. （結(jié)尾句之二：激勵） Thanks for reading my letter on such a hot summer day. （書信必備結(jié)尾句：感謝）

I’m looking forward to your reply and your article. （書信必備結(jié)尾句，一般另起一段：期盼）

Best wishes，

Yours，

Li Hua

（4）評分原則。

① 本題總分為25分，按5個檔次給分。

② 評分時，先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量，確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。

③ 詞數(shù)少于80的，從總分中減去2分。

④ 評分時應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容為：內(nèi)容要點、應(yīng)用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量和準確性及上下文的連貫性。

⑤ 拼寫與標點符號是語言準確性的一個方面。評分時應(yīng)視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。

⑥ 如書寫較差以至影響交際，將其分數(shù)降低一個檔次。

（5）評分標準。

各檔次的給分范圍和要求

第五檔（21-25分）

完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。

——覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點。

——應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。

——語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯誤，但為盡力使用較復雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級詞匯所致。

——有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊

完全達到了預期的寫作目的。

第四檔（16-20分）

完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。

——雖漏掉一兩個次重點，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。

——應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。

——語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面應(yīng)用基本準確，些許錯誤主要是因嘗試較復雜語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯所致。

——應(yīng)用簡單的語句間連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。

達到了預期的寫作目的。

第三檔（11-15分）

基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。

——雖漏掉一些內(nèi)容，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。

——應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。

——有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯誤，但不影響理解。

——應(yīng)用簡單的語句間連接成分，使全文內(nèi)容連貫。

整體而言，基本達到了預期的寫作目的。

第二檔（6-10分）

未恰當完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。

——漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要內(nèi)容，寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容。

——語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，詞匯知識有限。

——有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯誤，影響了對寫作內(nèi)容的理解。

——較少使用語句間的連接成分，內(nèi)容缺少連貫性。

信息未能清楚地傳達給讀者。

第一檔（1-5分）

未完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。

——明顯遺漏主要內(nèi)容，寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容，原因可能是未理解試題要求。

——語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，詞匯知識有限。

——較多語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯誤，影響對寫作內(nèi)容的理解。

——缺乏語句間的連接成分，內(nèi)容不連貫。

信息未能傳達給讀者。

0分

未能傳達給讀者任何信息，內(nèi)容太少，無法評判；所寫內(nèi)容均與所要求內(nèi)容無關(guān)或所寫內(nèi)容無法看清。

3. 命題規(guī)律。

規(guī)律一：提綱式作文為主

盡管近幾年的書面表達大都屬于提示型寫作，但越來越重視創(chuàng)造情境，由單純的文字提示轉(zhuǎn)向部分圖表提示，如2014年就出現(xiàn)了圖畫式作文，但仍然附加有文字，真正意義上的圖畫作文至今尚未真正涉及，可以斷定：將來一定會逐步向圖畫式作文過渡，如同北京卷的情景作文（即看圖寫話）。這種圖畫提示，可以考查學生的讀圖能力，想象能力，通常給考生留有很大的可自由發(fā)揮的空間。

規(guī)律二：應(yīng)用文為主

提示型寫作可以根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫成記敘文、描寫文、說明文、應(yīng)用文和議論文。迄今，考查最多的是應(yīng)用文，如日記、書信、便條、電子郵件等，未來幾年有可能逐步向議論文過渡。寫議論文更能考查出學生用英語進行自由表達的能力，表明自己獨特的看法或觀點，屬于高水平的寫作能力。

規(guī)律三：社會話題為主

作文話題以前一直是談?wù)撆c學校有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，到近幾年才開始談?wù)撋鐣掝}和熱點話題，如奧運會、體壇明星、敬老院、外國文化等。這些話題既貼近學生生活，又能體現(xiàn)時代特色。聯(lián)系實際談?wù)撋鐣钪袩狳c問題也正是學生最感興趣的事情，學生覺得有話可寫，給人以“學以致用”的感覺。當然，為了避免猜題，命題人會有意地避免一些成為社會焦點的話題。

5. 命題趨勢

隨著新課改的深入，書面表達的命題將逐步由半開放式作文向開放式作文靠近。未來高考英語作文命題會出現(xiàn)以下三大新趨勢：

趨勢一：提綱式作文→圖表式作文→圖畫式作文

就是說，命題形式可能會逐步從提綱式作文向圖表式作文和圖畫式作文過渡。

趨勢二：記敘文→應(yīng)用文→議論文

寫作體裁以往多年是以寫記敘文為主，逐步轉(zhuǎn)向了近幾年寫應(yīng)用文，將來可能會逐步向議論文過渡。

趨勢三：學校話題→社會話題→熱點話題

從話題方面來看，過去多年以寫學校話題為主，現(xiàn)在逐步向社會話題和熱點話題過渡。

總而言之，隨著教學改革和命題改革的深入，對寫作的要求也越來越高，如語言、內(nèi)容、體裁等方面都會逐年提高。

二、備考策略

在高考英語總復習階段，寫作的訓練應(yīng)該加強，考生應(yīng)注意儲備詞匯知識，尤其是核心詞匯的運用，全面復習掌握基礎(chǔ)英語語法，從模仿入手，逐步過渡到按要求表達，再到自由表達。

系統(tǒng)復習詞匯和語法知識，加強課外閱讀，以讀促寫。熟練掌握考綱約3500個單詞，尤其是寫作中常用的核心詞匯，要能做到靈活運用；掌握基本的語法知識，正確運用各種詞類，尤其是動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，動詞短語或成語，要學會運用各種從句，以及變化多樣的句式，如倒裝句、強調(diào)句和省略句等。課外要加強閱讀，增強語感，學習優(yōu)秀文章的布局和寫作方法，積累寫作詞匯。

全面練習各種體裁作文，注意積累句型，模仿套用。復習的初級階段，考生應(yīng)先仿照歷年的高考書面表達題，做些模仿練習。掌握寫作中常用的常用套語、精彩句子，了解優(yōu)秀段落的布局。對記敘文、說明文、應(yīng)用文和議論文的寫作套路，都要學會模仿套用。有選擇性地背誦一些優(yōu)美句子和套語，在寫作時會派上用場，能夠使文章增色。

下面列出各種體裁的常見句式，供大家在寫作時靈活套用。

記敘文常見句式：

① My name is ...

② I started school from 1999 to ...

③ My parents live in the country.

④ The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by ...

⑤ It was 7：15 on the morning of February ...， 2010.

⑥ On May Day， ... went to ... and did some voluntary work.

⑦ The noise was so loud that I couldn't go on studying.

⑧ It was our brave dog Ah Fu who had saved my little sister.

⑨ I became so impatient that I had to go to explain my difficulty.

⑩ What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives.

說明文常見句式：

① It is located / situated in...

② It lies between ...and ...

③ In front of it is...， with ...on its left and ...on its right.

④ Turning to the left， you will see ...， behind which is ...

⑤ Walking past ...， the building that appears in front of you is ...

⑥ Along the road are lines of trees， from which students can find shade from the hot sun.

⑦ Opposite to the ...stands ...

⑧ The door on your left leads you to ....

⑨ Next to the door against the wall there is a ...， in which we sit to watch TV every evening.

⑩ On your left lies a ...， with all kinds of... in it.

應(yīng)用文（書信）常見句式：

① How time flies！ It’s ... months since I saw you last.

② I’m very much delighted to inform you that ...

③ I thank you very much for your letter of February 20th ...

④ It gives me great pleasure to receive your kind letter of May 27th.

⑤ I have received your kind letter of May 27th.

⑥ In answer to your kind letter of May 27th， I deeply regret that ...

⑦ Looking forward to your early reply， ...

⑧ Wishing you every success， ...

⑨ We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.

⑩ I thank you very much for your services， and wish you greater success.

議論文常見句式：

① Nowadays more and more people ...

② ... plays an important part in ...

③ Firstly，... Secondly，... In addition / What’s more...

④ Some people hold the view that...

⑤ Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects/disadvantages are also obvious.

⑥ In the picture， we can see that ...

⑦ Obviously ... has both advantages and disadvantages.

⑧ Opinions are divided on the question.

⑨ As far as I am concerned.../ In my opinion， ... / From my point of view...

⑩ As is shown on Chart 2， only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities.

三、考點全解

1. 寫作體裁。

高考英語書面表達的寫作體裁有記敘文、應(yīng)用文、說明文和議論文四種。下面將逐一介紹這四種體裁的寫法和應(yīng)注意的問題。

（1）記敘文。

記敘文（Narrative）是以寫人物的經(jīng)歷或事物發(fā)展變化過程為主要內(nèi)容的一種文體，簡言之，就是記人敘事的文章。記敘文以記敘和描寫為主要表達方式，一般具有時間（when）、地點（where）、人物（who）、事件（what）、原因（why）和結(jié)果（how）六個要素。

記敘文的寫作方法：記敘文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)由三個部分組成：

①開頭（beginning）：交代必要的背景，如時間、地點、人物等；

②主體（body） ：交代故事情節(jié)，如事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和前因后果；

③結(jié)尾（ending）：交代事情的結(jié)果，有時也可談點與所記敘的內(nèi)容有關(guān)的感想或愿望等。

記敘文的語言特點：

①以一般過去時為主，各種時態(tài)為輔，根據(jù)行文需要，合理使用豐富多彩的動詞時態(tài)；

②多用動詞，特別是動態(tài)強的行為動詞；

③使用直接引語。要寫好英語記敘文，就語言運用而言，應(yīng)該在這三方面多下功夫。

（2）說明文。

說明文是用說明的表達方式來解說事物，闡明事理。說明文的種類很多，主要有事物說明文和事理說明文。常見的說明文有：解說詞、說明書、書刊簡介、內(nèi)容提要、科普小品、生產(chǎn)工藝、操作規(guī)程、景點介紹、城鎮(zhèn)介紹等。

說明文的寫作方法：寫說明文一般也采用三段式：第一段主要介紹要說明的對象及說明的目的；第二段說明事物的主要特征或做事情的方法步驟；第三段進行總結(jié)概括。常見說明方法有定義、注釋、舉例、分類、比較、引用、比喻、描述、數(shù)字分析和綜合等，另外需選擇合理的說明順序，如時間順序、空間順序或邏輯順序來分層次進行說明。

說明文的語言特點：說明文的時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時，語態(tài)常用被動語態(tài)，有時用虛擬語氣。高考作文中，說明文的出題形式多為文字提示或圖表、圖示。寫說明文必須注意事實正確，詳略得當、條理清楚、層次分明、語言簡練和用詞準確。

（3）議論文。

議論文通過議論或說理來表達作者的見解和主張。作者對某一現(xiàn)象或問題提出自己的觀點或看法，為了使讀者同意自己的看法，提出若干理由，說服他人。

議論文的寫作方法：第一段為引言（introduction），在引言段中作者就必須簡單解釋要討論的問題，并鮮明地亮出自己的觀點，如提倡什么，支持什么，反對什么；第二段為主體段（main body），主體段是議論的過程，作者必須圍繞著引言段的觀點展開，有足夠的證據(jù)（adequate proofs）來論證自己的觀點。一般可提出一個或兩個證據(jù)， 并對此用一兩句話分別進行闡述；第三段是結(jié)論（conclusion），結(jié)論可以用一兩句話來概括，同時要注意與引言段呼應(yīng)，但不能照搬前面的原話。

議論文的語言特點：議論文的語言簡潔有力，一般不采用口語體，常用一般現(xiàn)在時，但述說過去的事實時，可用過去時態(tài)；表示將將要發(fā)生的事情時，要用將來時態(tài)；也常用被動語態(tài)；有時提出一種假設(shè)時，還需要使用虛擬語氣。另外，可根據(jù)行文的需要，使用恰當?shù)倪B接詞，按適當?shù)捻樞驅(qū)懞玫木渥咏M合成短文，使其連貫通順，層次分明。

高考英語議論文最常見的類型是對某一事物闡述自己的觀點，如“你對取消聽力考試的看法”或?qū)δ骋滑F(xiàn)象發(fā)表自己的觀點；命題形式常見的有兩種，一是文字提示，二是看圖寫話，如北京的“開放作文”。

（4）應(yīng)用文。

常見的應(yīng)用文一般包括書信、請假條、留言條、日記、賀卡、請柬、通知、啟事，以及明信片、海報、板報稿、E-mail等。應(yīng)用文通常有一定的格式，而且不同類型的應(yīng)用文，其格式也不相同。所以掌握一些應(yīng)用文的格式并能熟練運用非常重要。應(yīng)用文的總體寫作要求是：格式正確；語言簡潔、精練，無語法及詞語搭配錯誤。下面主要介紹書信和日記的寫法。

書信：書信的種類很多，按照大類來分有私人信函和商務(wù)或公務(wù)信函；細分有生日賀信、感謝信、道歉信、新年賀信、求職信、求助信等。書信一般由六個部分組成，即信頭、信內(nèi)地址、稱呼、正文、結(jié)束語及署名。

① 信頭（Heading）：即發(fā)信人地址和寫信日期，一般寫在信紙的右上角。

②信內(nèi)地址（Inside Address）：指收信人姓名和地址，位于信紙的左上角，從信頭的下面一、二行開始寫。第一行寫姓名、頭銜，接著再寫其地址。信內(nèi)地址一般只用于公函或給生疏的人寫的信件，其它情況下都可省去。

③稱呼（Salutation）：如Dear Sir， Dear Jack， Dear Li Ming， Dear Miss Black，等。

④正文（Body）：是信的主要部分，包括寫信人想要向?qū)Ψ奖磉_的全部內(nèi)容。

⑤結(jié)束語（Complimentary Close）： 如Yours truly， Yours ever， Yours sincerely等。

⑥簽名（Signature）：寫信人在信的最后簽上自己的姓名。

現(xiàn)舉一實例說明英文書信格式：

17 Qinghua East Road Haidian District

China Agricultural University

September 7th， 2015

Professor Hudson

English Department

Peking University

Dear Prof. Hudson：

Will you and your wife be able to join us on Thursday evening， September 10th， for dinner？ After that， we are going to the National Centre for Performing Arts to see a Huangmei opera.

Dinner starts at 5：30 to allow plenty of time for the drive into town and arrival before curtain time. We do hope you can come.

Sincerely yours，

Li Jing

信封：

Li Jing

17 Qinghua East Road STAMP

Haidian District

China Agricultural University

Prof. Hudson

English Department

Peking University

在高考中，通常不要求考生寫信頭和信內(nèi)地址，稱呼和結(jié)束語也大多給出，只要求寫正文。

便條和書信的格式基本相同，只不過要比正式書信要簡單一些。如可省略信頭、結(jié)語等。信函和便條的最大區(qū)別在于表達的方式不同：前者要求用正式的書面語言，而后者則常常使用非正式的口頭語言。

值得一提的是，由于電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及，越來越多的人發(fā)電子郵件（E-mails）進行交流。電子郵件既快捷又便利，寫作起來更加隨意，甚至根本沒有必要寫日期，因為你在發(fā)郵件時就會自動顯示發(fā)信時刻。

日記：日記是用來記敘自己一天生活中的見聞或所作所為，特別是那些值得回憶和有意義的事情，也可以用來抒發(fā)自己當天對某個事件的感受，以及對將來的打算等。

日記的寫作方法：

①格式：英文日記寫法與漢語里的寫法基本相同。一般是第一行寫日期、星期、天氣狀況。日期通常寫在左上角，接著寫星期，天氣狀況寫在右上角。表示天氣情況的詞一般用形容詞，如fine， sunny， windy， cloudy， foggy， snowy， cold， rainy 等。

②人稱：日記要用第一人稱寫。

③日記的寫作順序：日記一般按照時間順序或事情的經(jīng)過來寫。語言要清楚、自然，內(nèi)容要連貫、完整。

④類型：日記可分為記事型、議論型、描寫型以及抒情型等。記事型日記，就是記述當天自己生活中所發(fā)生的事情；議論型日記，就是對生活中的某一事件或情況、現(xiàn)象發(fā)表自己的看法；描寫型就是對某人、某物的特征進行細致地描述，或?qū)δ呈挛锸惆l(fā)自己的感情。

日記的語言特點：寫日記的時間一般是在下午或晚上，所記敘的事情通常發(fā)生在過去，所以常用一般過去時。但有時根據(jù)具體情況，用其它時態(tài)，如果是記敘天氣、描寫景色，為了描寫生動，可使用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，以表現(xiàn)當時的情景。再如文后發(fā)表感想或評論可用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或?qū)頃r態(tài)。記日記力求簡單明了，有連貫性。若有文字提示，則應(yīng)重視提示，把握要點。

2. 命題形式。

無論高考英語寫作考哪種體裁，是記敘文，還是議論文或應(yīng)用文，其命題形式通常采用三種形式：提綱式作文、圖表式作文和圖畫式作文。

（1）提綱式作文。

提綱式作文一般是用文字給出寫作信息和要求，即給出要點或提綱，也稱作要點式書面表達，或文字提示作文，屬于控制性作文?？忌荒芨鶕?jù)提示來表達，不能隨意發(fā)揮。近兩年，已開始允許考生適當添加細節(jié)內(nèi)容，如果是議論文體，要求考生發(fā)表自己的觀點或看法。此題型最大的特點就是：文字提示為考生提供了一條思路，考生只需稍加思索、計劃、整理，即可成文。

（2）圖表式作文。

圖表式作文一般是用表格給出寫作要點。圖表式作文也是屬于控制性作文，它與提綱式作文的區(qū)別在于：提綱式作文用文字提示，而圖表式作文則多了一個外在形式——圖表。一般有兩種圖表：一是表格，也就是將提示文字列在表格里，但有時為了直觀展示信息，表格里或旁邊會添加一幅圖；二是柱形圖、餅狀圖等，外加一些文字說明。第二種圖表比第一種圖表要難一點，考生首先要讀懂圖，然后再將圖表所傳遞的信息表達出來。

（3）圖畫式作文。

圖畫式作文通常是以一幅或幾幅圖畫或漫畫形式予以提示，其信息隱含在圖畫中。一般來說，幾幅圖則多半屬于記敘文體，考生只需按照圖畫的順序描述其基本內(nèi)容（已知信息）即可；若是一幅圖畫或漫畫，則不僅要求考生描述圖畫的基本內(nèi)容（已知信息），而且還要讀解圖畫中隱含的深層含義（未知信息），結(jié)合圖畫所反映的某一社會現(xiàn)象或社會現(xiàn)實發(fā)表自己的觀點或看法，屬于議論文的范疇，如北京卷的開放作文即屬于這一類。

下面將談?wù)勅绾胃鶕?jù)“命題形式”來確立“寫作體裁”。以2010年高考英語浙江卷作文題（題目1）和全國卷Ⅱ作文題（題目2）為例說明。

四、解題方法

1. 提綱式作文。

在做提綱式作文時，考生首要的是要認真分析文字提示，領(lǐng)會文章的主題。只有按照題目所給的內(nèi)容構(gòu)思文章結(jié)構(gòu)，展開必要的敘述或說明或議論，才能有效地傳遞信息、表達思想。但需要注意的是，不可任意發(fā)揮，即使是為了上下句連貫添加個別細節(jié)，也不可脫離主旨，除非是寫議論文或記敘文中題目要求你發(fā)表自己的觀點或看法。

2. 圖表式作文。

圖表式作文時，最關(guān)鍵的是要理解圖表里的內(nèi)容，表達要注意邏輯順序，不能曲解圖表內(nèi)容，也不能遺漏要點，更不能任意發(fā)揮。

3. 圖畫式作文。

圖畫式作文是較難的題型之一，考生可以根據(jù)圖畫內(nèi)容（有時會有少量文字說明）的不同采用不同的段落發(fā)展方式。如果畫面內(nèi)容是以描述為主，即按空間方位或時間先后順序排列，在描述圖畫時，大家可以按照先寫哪個部分，后寫哪個部分的寫作方式進行。如果畫面內(nèi)容是以解釋說明為主，即不需要考生再將圖畫中所看到的人或事本身進行詳細地描寫，而是直接寫出圖畫的意義，那么寫作時考生應(yīng)該把圖畫所蘊涵的含義在首段告訴讀者，當然也可以在首段描述圖畫內(nèi)涵的社會背景，為下個段落的點題做好鋪墊。

五、典型例題

[例題1]最近，李越被評為你們班的“每周之星”。請你根據(jù)她的事跡（在上周六下午，不顧天氣的炎熱，為班級選購歌詠比賽服裝），用英語為班級板報寫一篇100—120個詞的短文。你的文章應(yīng)包括下列要點：

1. 李越的事跡及其對同學的影響；

2. 你的評論。

注意：1. 文章的標題和開頭已給出（不計詞數(shù)）；

2. 參考詞匯：singing contest 歌詠比賽 costume 服裝

Star Student of the Week

Li Yue has been awarded the title of“Star Student of the Week”for what she did for our class.

[分析]命題形式是提綱式作文，根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容，不難看出這是要求寫一篇寫人的記敘文，而且是夾敘夾議的記敘文。

[范文]以下為One possible student version：

Star Student of the Week

Li Yue has been awarded the title of“Star Student of the Week”for what she did for our class.

On the hot afternoon of last Saturday， Li Yue went downtown and walked from one store to another， looking for the costumes we would wear in the singing contest. While the rest of us were enjoying our leisure time in cool and comfortable rooms， she spent the whole afternoon searching and selecting. Finally， she found the right clothes. Deeply moved by her efforts， we tried our best and won the first prize in the contest.

Li Yue is always warm-hearted and cares a lot about the class. Besides， she often devotes her spare time to helping others. She deserves the honor and we should learn from her.

[點評]這篇文章以記敘為主，同時有少量描寫，最后一段是作者發(fā)表評論，全篇涵蓋了記敘文的六大要素：

（1）時間（last Saturday afternoon）；

（2）地點（downtown）；

（3）人物（Li Yue）；

（4）事件（looking for the costumes）；

（5）原因（the singing contest）；

（6）結(jié)果（won the first prize in the contest）。

文章行文流暢，層次清晰，是一篇優(yōu)秀的記敘文。

[例題2]假設(shè)你是李華，你的美國筆友Peter曾表示希望來中國教書。你?，F(xiàn)需招聘外教，請給他寫封信，告知招聘信息。內(nèi)容主要包括：

教授課程：英語口語、英語寫作、今日美國、今日英國等

授課對象：高中生（至少三年英語基礎(chǔ)）

工作量：

——每周12學時，任先三門課

——擔任學生英語俱樂部或英語校報顧問（advisor）

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 開頭語已為你寫好，請將完整的回信書寫在答題卡上。

Dear Peter，

I remember you told me you were interested in teaching in China.

Please let me know if you are interested. And if you have any other questions， I'd be more than happy to help.

Best，

Li Hua

[分析]這篇書面表達要求寫一封書信，屬于應(yīng)用文。書信的格式已經(jīng)提供，只需要寫書信的正文部分。根據(jù)所提供的提綱，這封信應(yīng)該說明三個方面的內(nèi)容：所教的課程、所教對象和工作量，另外，在書信的結(jié)尾要按照慣例寫一點客套語，如詢問他是否感興趣和還有什么問題盡管來信問等。

在審題和構(gòu)思過程中，應(yīng)該考慮時態(tài)，根據(jù)內(nèi)容，多數(shù)情況下應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，在談到將來的計劃時，需要用到一般將來時。對于提綱中列舉的內(nèi)容，不妨先寫出其正確的表達，如native-speaker， senior high students， courses： Speaking， Writing， Britain Today and America Today， 12 hours a week， learning experiences， an advisor to our students’English club or our school's English newspaper等。這樣，在正式動筆寫時會有利于卷面的整潔和以防遺漏要點。

[范文]

Dear Peter，

I remember you told me you were interested in teaching in China. Our school now is looking for a native-speaker to teach some courses to senior high students. If you come， you can choose three of the following four courses： Speaking， Writing， Britain Today and America Today， and teach 12 hours a week. The students who are going to take these courses have at least three years of English learning experiences. Besides teaching， you will also work as an advisor to our students’English club or our school’s English newspaper.

Please let me know if you are interested and if you have any other questions. I’d be more than happy to help.

Best，

Li Hua

[點評]這篇書信涵蓋了全部內(nèi)容要點，說明有條有理，層次清晰，上下文具有很好的連慣性，運用了豐富的詞匯，并且還有一些高級詞匯，如native-speaker， experiences等，句式豐富多樣，多處使用了主從復合句，如If you come， you can choose...； The students who are going to take these courses have...； Please let me know if you are interested and if...等，語言規(guī)范，交際得體，有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，如and， besides，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。

六、基礎(chǔ)訓練

寫作訓練在總復習的初級階段，可以練習\"漢譯英\"題，這樣翻譯成英語，并組成一篇完整的文章。為以后的提綱式寫作打好基礎(chǔ)。下面選編10篇漢譯英題目，供大家練習，為了達到語篇訓練的效果，建議同學們在譯寫時不要標上序號。

Exercise 1

1. 學生會在第10周的每天下午4：30至5：30 組織了主題為“快樂學英語”的英語活動周活動。

2. 在教學樓的一樓為學生們組織了一系列的活動。

3. 在口語訓練環(huán)節(jié)，許多外教親身參與，我覺得這對訓練我們的口語很有好處。

4. 另外，活動還包括英語朗誦、演講和歌唱比賽、戲劇表演、辯論、電影配音和模擬聯(lián)合國。

5. 這些活動不但營造了英語氛圍，而且提高了學生學習的積極性和英語運用能力。

Exercise 2

1. 目前，霧霾天氣頻繁在我國出現(xiàn)，這不但對人民身體健康有害，還影響了公共交通。

2. 由于霧霾的影響，惡性交通事故不時發(fā)生，以及一些高速公路因為能見度低而被迫關(guān)閉。

3. 顯然，空氣污染是導致霧霾天氣頻發(fā)的主因，同時灰塵、汽車尾氣排放使得情況更為嚴重。

4. 因此，要采取適當措施來處理這一嚴重問題。

5. 對于學生們來說，要減少戶外活動，外出回來用自來水洗手臉，記得外出帶質(zhì)量好的面罩。

Exercise 3

1. 為了讓我們學生了解地震的相關(guān)知識和掌握如何在緊急事件中保護自己，學生會在2015年4月30日，星期二，舉行了一系列的活動。

2. 首先，每個班開了班會來介紹地震和自我防護的知識。

3. 其次，在凌晨3：30演練，一聽到警報，我們快速躲進安全地點。

4. 在老師的統(tǒng)一指揮下，我們快速有序地在4分鐘內(nèi)到達廣場。

5. 通過這些活動，師生們了解了應(yīng)急地震知識并且掌握了防護措施和方法。

Exercise 4

1. 作為中學生，我們學習繁重，因此我們應(yīng)該合理安排我們的時間。

2. 為了有效學習，我們應(yīng)該制定一個時間表并充分利用時間。

3. 我們應(yīng)該尊老愛幼，團結(jié)同學，互幫互助。

4. 重要的是，為了在校和睦相處，大家要在日常生活中誠實守信。

5. 最后，我們要積極參加課外活動，這不但給我們提供了結(jié)交朋友的機會，而且豐富了我們的學校生活。

Exercise 5

1. 你是在關(guān)鍵時刻能出手幫助我的人，也是體貼入微了解我需要什么的人。

2. 兩年前，我臥床不起，正是你背我去了附近的醫(yī)院。

3. 打針的時候你在一旁照顧著我

4. 后來，你幫我復習功課，沒有你的幫助，我考試會不及格。

5. 此時，我有無數(shù)個故事與你分享，也有無數(shù)個祝福為你獻上。

Exercise 6

1. 為了充分利用學習資料，學生會正在發(fā)起一場捐贈活動。

2. 學生會號召我們高三的學生將用過的課本、報紙和雜志捐贈給低年級的學生。

3. 這次活動設(shè)想旨在推動學生友誼和鼓勵節(jié)約，獲得師生們一致的支持和贊揚。

4. 從6月10號至20號，本次活動將持續(xù)10天。

5. 作為學生，我強烈支持本次捐贈活動，因為它與人幫助，意義豐富。

Exercise 7

1. 廣東省，我的家鄉(xiāng)，她毗鄰香港。

2. 它有2000多年的悠久歷史，1億人口。

3. 經(jīng)濟高度發(fā)達，人民安居樂業(yè)。

4. 孩子們享受現(xiàn)代教育，90%的高中生被大學錄取。

5. 每年，如畫的美景吸引了大批來自國內(nèi)外的游客。

Exercise 8

1. 我希望結(jié)交一位女性筆友，20出頭，和我有相似的興趣愛好。

2. 我想她和我一樣喜歡旅游、游泳和打乒乓球。

3. 并且，她如果能和我一樣在家里養(yǎng)過寵物狗就更好了。

4. 有這樣的一位筆友，我可以和她分享旅游經(jīng)歷、飼養(yǎng)寵物的經(jīng)驗以及任何我們共同的東西。

5. 我相信通過結(jié)交筆友，我能夠提高英語和了解她的國家。

Exercise 9

1. 廬山國家公園，地處江西省北部， 總面積302平方千米。

2. 廬山是中國古代教育和宗教中心， 1996年12月被評為“世界文化景觀”。

3. 據(jù)說自東晉以來， 詩人們關(guān)于廬山的詩有4 000余首。

4. 廬山不僅以文化聞名，而且以云海. 瀑布. 峭壁等自然景觀吸引游客。

5. 一年四季到廬山旅游都能欣賞到優(yōu)美的風景，最佳為夏季。

Exercise 10

1. 最近，就上課是否做筆記在2105名高中生作了一次問卷調(diào)查。

2. 對于調(diào)查的結(jié)果我很擔憂。

3. 數(shù)據(jù)顯示，被調(diào)查的學生中只有四分之一的學生上課常做筆記，這有助于提高他們的成績，而37%的學生嘗試記筆記，但不知道如何記，希望得到老師的幫助。

4. 令我驚訝的是，通過這次調(diào)查我了解到38%的學生從來不做筆記，因為他們根本不知道上課改記什么。

5. 在我看來，我們的老師應(yīng)該告訴學生課堂上應(yīng)該記什么以便學生們在學上取得更大進步。

七、分類練習

1. 提綱類寫作題選編。

Exercise 1

（2004全國卷Ⅰ）假設(shè)你是李華，你在報上看到北京電視臺今年七月將舉辦外國人“學中文，唱中文歌”才藝大賽。你的美國朋友Peter正在北京一所大學學中文，你覺得他應(yīng)去試一試。請按以下要點給他寫信告知此事，并表示可以提供幫助。

比賽時間：7 月18日

報名時間：截止到6月30日

報名地點：北京電視臺

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)：100左右；

2. 可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：才藝大賽-talent show

Dear Peter，

...

Yours，

Li Hua

Exercise 2

（2007全國卷Ⅰ）假定你是李華，希望通過外籍教師Peter找一個英語筆友。請寫一封短信，描述一下你理想中筆友的條件，并說明為什么選這樣的筆友。具體條件包括：

1. 年齡；

2. 性別；

3. 愛好（旅游、運動、寵物等）。

注意：1. 詞數(shù)100 左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 開頭語已為你寫好。

Dear Peter，

I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.

...

Best regards，

Li Hua

Exercise 3

（2008全國卷I）假定你是李華，從小喜愛大熊貓（panda），一直通過有關(guān)網(wǎng)站（website）關(guān)注三年前在美國圣迭哥動物園出生的大熊貓\"蘇琳\"和她的母親\"白云\"?，F(xiàn)在蘇琳即將三歲。請根據(jù)以下要點給動物園工作人員寫一封信：

1. 自我介紹；

2. 祝賀蘇琳生日；

3. 感謝工作人員；

4. 索取蘇琳三歲生日照。

注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 開頭語已為你寫好。

Dear Sir/Madam，

Greetings from China！

...

Yours truly，

Li Hua

Exercise 4

（2009全國卷I）假定你是李華，正在英國接受英語培訓，住在一戶英國人家里。今天你的房東Mrs Wilson不在家，你準備外出，請給Mrs Wilson寫一留言條，內(nèi)容包括：

1. 外出購物

2. 替房東還書

3. Tracy來電話留言：

（1）咖啡屋（Bolton Coffee）見面取消

（2）此事已告知Susan

（3）盡快回電

注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Exercise 5

（2010全國I卷）假設(shè)你是育才中學學生會主席李華。你校將舉辦一次英語演講比賽（speech contest），希望附近某大學的外籍教師Smith女士來做評委。請參照以下比賽通知給她寫一封信。

注意：詞數(shù)100左右。

主題：人與自然

時間：6月15日 下午2：00-5：00

地點：501教室

參賽選手：10名學生

聯(lián)系人：李華（電話44876655）

Dear Ms. Smith，

...

With best wishes，

Li Hua

Exercise 6

（2011全國I卷）假設(shè)你是李華，正在一所英國學校學習暑期課程，遇到一些困難，希望得到學校輔導中心（Learning Center）的幫助。根據(jù)學校規(guī)定，你需書面預約，請按下列要點寫一封信：

1. 本人簡介；

2. 求助內(nèi)容；

3. 約定時間；

4. 你的聯(lián)系方式（Email：lihua@1236.com；phone：12345678）。

注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；[來源：學科網(wǎng)]

3. 結(jié)束語已為你寫好。

Exercise 7

（2012全國I卷）假定你是李華，從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)（（the Internet）上得知一個國際中學生組織將在新加坡（Singapore）舉辦夏令營，歡迎各國學生參加。請寫一封電子郵件申請參加。

內(nèi)容主要包括：

1. 自我介紹（包括英語能力）；

2. 參加意圖（介紹中國，了解其他國家）；

3. 希望獲準。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 郵件開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好.

Dear Sir or Madam，

...

Li Hua

Exercise 8

（2013全國I卷）假定你是李華。請你給筆友Peter寫封信，告訴他你叔叔李明將去他所在城市開會，帶去他想要的那幅中國畫，同時詢問他是否可以接機。信中還需說明：

李明：高個子，戴眼鏡

航班號：CA985

到達：8月6日上午11：30

注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；[來源

3. 開頭語和結(jié)束語已為你寫好。

Dear Peter，

How are you doing？...

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours，

Li Hua

Exercise 9

（2010 湖北卷）請你根據(jù)以下提示，結(jié)合生活中的一個事例，用英語寫一篇短文，談?wù)勎⑿Φ淖饔谩?/p>

The best example of universally understood body language may be the smile. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can open doors and tear down walls.

注意：1. 無須寫標題； 2. 內(nèi)容只需涉及一個方面；

3. 詞數(shù)為100左右。

Exercise 10

（2010湖南卷）Directions： Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假設(shè)你和幾位同學成立了一個英語俱樂部，開展了為期兩個月的活動?，F(xiàn)在，你將代表俱樂部在課堂上進行經(jīng)驗交流，請寫一篇英語發(fā)言稿，主要內(nèi)容如下：

1. 簡要描述俱樂部開展的一項與英語有關(guān)的主要活動；

2. 談?wù)勀銈冮_展該活動的收獲。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)不少于120個；2. 不能使用真實姓名和學校名稱。

Exercise 11

（2010江蘇卷）假設(shè)你應(yīng)邀參加學校組織的“英語學習師生座談會”，請你根據(jù)下表所提示的信息，用英寫一篇發(fā)言稿，簡單介紹自己英語學習的情況，并對學校今后的英語教學提出建議。自己英語學習的情況：

1. 英語學習的目的

2. 英語學習的方法

3. 課外自學的途徑

...

對學校英語教學的建議（請考生根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)歷與感想，提出兩至三點建議）。

注意：

1. 對所給要點逐一陳述，適當發(fā)揮，不要簡單翻譯。

2. 詞數(shù)150左右。開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)寫好，不計人總詞數(shù)。

3. 文中不得提及考生所在學校和本人姓名。

Dear teachers and schoolmates，

It’s a great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you.

...

Thank you for listening.

Exercise 12

（2010江西卷）英語中“please.” “thank you”“sorry”等禮貌用語具有增進友誼，改善關(guān)系. 化解矛盾等神奇的力量，因而被稱為“magic words”。請 “Magic Power of Polite Words”為題寫一篇100詞左右的英語作文。體裁不限（敘述文、議論文、說明文……）

Exercise 13

（2010遼寧卷）你校學生會需招聘一名留學生做英語學習顧問，請你以短文形式寫一則招聘啟事。內(nèi)容主要包括：

——母語是英語，漢語流利者優(yōu)先

——解答用語學習問題，協(xié)助組織英語活動

——每周4小時，報酬面議

——聯(lián)系人：李華（Tel：13011223344）

注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 啟事標題和結(jié)尾已為你寫好。

Exercise 14

（2010山東卷）假設(shè)你是新華中學的學生李華，你和在上海上學的英國朋友Tom約好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴約。請根據(jù)以下要點用英語給他寫一封電子郵件：

1. 表示歉意；

2. 解釋原因；

3. 另約時間。

注意：1. 詞數(shù)120～150； 2. 可適當增加細節(jié)。

Exercise 15

（2011湖北卷）請根據(jù)以下提示，結(jié)合你校園生活中的一個事例，就與人合作這一話題，用英語寫一篇短文。

Working in groups at school is an opportunity to learn more about teamwork.Teamwork shows us how other people’s roles fit the purpose of the group， and it teaches us to be patient and how to respond to different people.

注意：1. 無須寫標題，不得照抄英語提示語；

2. 除詩歌外，文體不限；

3. 內(nèi)容必須結(jié)合校園生活中的一個事例；

4. 文中不得透露個人姓名和學校名稱；

5. 詞數(shù)為100左右。

Exercise 16

（2011江西卷）假設(shè)你是星光中學的李華，將參加主題為“Let’s Ride Bicycles”的英語演講比賽。請撰寫一份演講稿，主要內(nèi)容包括：

1. 目前汽車帶來的空氣污染和交通堵塞等問題；

2. 騎自行車的益處，如節(jié)能環(huán)保. 有利健康。

參考詞匯：低碳生活（low-carbon life）；節(jié)能（energy-saving）

注意：1. 詞數(shù)：120詞左右；

2. 演講稿開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，請將其抄寫在答題卡上且該部分不計入總詞數(shù)。

Good morning， everyone，

I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. The topic of my speech is“Let’s Ride Bicycle”.

...

Exercise 17

（2011遼寧卷）假定你是李華，將于今年七月從新星外語學校畢業(yè)，你從報紙上得知BB公司要招聘一名英文秘書，你很感興趣。請給該公司寫一封求職信，包括下列要點：

1. 年齡；

2. 學習情況及英語水平；

3. 興趣和特長；

4. 性格特點。

注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 開頭語和結(jié)束語已為你寫好。

June 8

Dear Sir/Madam，

I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary.

...

I’m looking forward to your reply.

Sincerely yours，

Li Hua

Exercise 18

（2011山東卷）假設(shè)你是李華，你的美國朋友Tom上個月來到北京學習。七月份你將去北京參加暑期中學生英語演講比賽（speech contest），你在資料搜集. 語言運用等方面遇到了困難。請根據(jù)以下要點給Tom寫一封電子郵件：

1. 詢問Tom的生活和學習情況；

2. 談?wù)勀愕睦щy并請Tom幫忙；

3. 告訴Tom你打算賽后去看他。

注意：1. 詞數(shù)：120—150；

2. 可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Exercise 19

（2011陜西卷）假設(shè)你是中學生李華。 在一位名叫Tiger Mom的學生家長博客上，你看到以下內(nèi)容。請你根據(jù)博客內(nèi)容、寫作要點和要求，給這位家長回復。

I’m the mother of a fourteen-year-old. I have a rule for my daughter： be among the top 5 students or get punished in one way or another. She has been doing very well in school， but some friends of mine keep telling me that I put too much pressure on her. Am I wrong？

寫作要點：

1. 表明自己的看法；

2. 陳述自己的理由（可舉例說明）；

3. 提出至少兩條建議。

要求：

1. 短文須寫在答題卡的指定區(qū)域。

2. 短文詞數(shù)不少于100（不含已寫好的部分）。

3. 內(nèi)容充實，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語意連貫。

4. 書寫須清晰、工整。

Exercise 20

（2011四川卷）假定你校將舉行一個成人儀式，你將作為代表在儀式上發(fā)言。請你按以下內(nèi)容要點準備一篇英文發(fā)言稿。

1. 過去對成年的向往；

2. 現(xiàn)在的感受和認識；

3. 將來的目標及措施。

參考詞匯：責任 responsibility

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，使行文連貫；

3. 發(fā)言稿的開頭與結(jié)束語已為你寫好（不計入總詞數(shù)）

Good morning，everyone！

The topic of my speech today is“thoughts on becoming a grown-up”.

Thank you for listening.

Exercise 21

（2011天津卷）假設(shè)你是晨光中學學生會主席李華。你校將于6月26日接待來自美國某中學的學生訪問團。你受學校委托，負責安排其在津的一日活動。請根據(jù)以下提示，用英語給該團的領(lǐng)隊Smith先生寫一封電子郵件，介紹活動計劃并簡要說明理由，最后征求對方意見。

？鄢上午與我校學生座談（話題如校園生活. 文化差異等）；

？鄢中午與我校學生共同進餐（午餐包括餃子. 面條等）；

？鄢下午與我校學生游覽海河。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)不少于100；

2. 可適當加入細節(jié)，以使內(nèi)容充實. 行文連貫；

3. 信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

參考詞匯：海河 the Haihe River

Dear Mr. Smith，

I am Li Hua， chairman of the Student Union， from Chenguang High School.

...

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

Exercise 22

（2012浙江卷）你校正在進行“英語讀書周”活動。該活動要求學生摘錄名言佳句（quote）并相互交流，以下是某同學的句子：“Your future depends on many things， hut mostly on you.”請按下列要求用英語寫一篇100～120個詞的短文：

1. 針對摘錄句中的觀點談?wù)勀愕目捶ǎ?/p>

2. 舉例說明理由。

注意：

短文的開頭已給出（不計詞數(shù)）。

In the English Reading Week， one of my classmates recommended a quote to us， which goes like this：“Your future depends on many things， hut mostly on you.”

Exercise 23

（2012湖北卷）請根據(jù)以下提示，并結(jié)合事例，用英語寫一篇短文。

You cannot choose what you are given， but you can choose how you make use of it.

注意：1. 無須寫標題，不得照抄英語提示語；

2. 除詩歌外，文體不限；

3. 文中不得透露個人姓名和學校名稱；

4. 詞數(shù)為120左右。

Exercise 24

（2012江西卷）某英文報社舉辦以“I Like Reading”為主題的征文活動，你打算投稿。請根據(jù)以下要點寫一篇短文：

1. 你為什么喜歡讀書；

2. 你喜歡讀哪一類的書（例如：歷史. 科學. 文學等）？請給出至少兩個理由。

注意：詞數(shù)120左右。

Exercise 25

（2012遼寧卷）假定你是某中學的學生李華。請用英語給出版社的編輯寫一封信，表達你對現(xiàn)在使用的英語教材的看法，內(nèi)容主要包括：

優(yōu)點：1. 話題廣泛；

2. 圖片豐富；

3. 有助于提高學習興趣。

建議：適當降低詞匯難度。

注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 開頭語已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。

Exercise 26

（2012陜西卷）假定你是李華。下面的圖畫描述了教師節(jié)那天你們班組織的一次活動，請根據(jù)寫作要點并參考圖畫內(nèi)容，為?？坝⒄Z角”版面寫一篇短文。

寫作要點：

1. 活動的策劃；

2. 教師的布置；

3. 活動的內(nèi)容；

4. 你的感想。

注意：

1. 短文詞數(shù)不少于100；

2. 開頭部分已寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)；

3. 可根據(jù)情況增減細節(jié)，詳略得當；

4. 不能使用真實姓名和學校名稱。

Exercise 27

（2012四川卷）假如你是大學一年級新生李華。開學之初，你的英語老師Ms Li希望了解每位同學的英語學習情況，并征求教學建議。請按以下要點用英語給她寫一封信。

1. 對英語學習的認識；

2. 自己目前的英語水平；

3. 自己英語學習存在的主要問題；

4. 對英語教學的兩點建議。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出。

Dear Ms Li，

I’m very happy to have you as our English teacher.

...

Thank you！

Li Hua

Exercise 28

（2013湖南卷）Directions： Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.

請以下列詞語為關(guān)鍵詞寫一篇英語短文。

match winner loser result

內(nèi)容：

1. 自己或他人的一次經(jīng)歷；

2. 你的感受。

注意：

1. 必須使用所給4個關(guān)鍵詞；

2. 詞數(shù)不少于120個；

3. 不能使用真實姓名和學校名稱。

Exercise 29

（2013遼寧卷）一個英文網(wǎng)站面向中學生征稿。請你寫一篇英語稿件，介紹\"中秋節(jié)\"及這個節(jié)日里的主要活動。

寫作要點：

1. 它是中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日之一；

2. 家人團聚；

3. 賞月. 吃月餅；

4. 還有旅游. 訪友等其他活動。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 開頭語已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。

參考詞匯：中秋節(jié)the Mid-Autumn Festival

農(nóng)歷 lunar calendar賞月 enjoy the full moon月餅 moon cake

The Mid-Autumn Festival

The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th of the eighth month of our Chinese lunar calendar.

Exercise 30

（2013陜西卷）假定你是李華。請根據(jù)寫作要點用英語寫一篇周記，記述你周末幫助家人做家務(wù)的一次經(jīng)歷。寫作要點：

1. 做家務(wù)的理由；

2. 做家務(wù)的過程；

3. 你的感受。

注意：

1. 短文詞數(shù)不少于100；

2. 開頭部分已寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)；

3. 不能使用真實姓名和學校名稱。

I am an 18-year-old middle school student...

Exercise 31

（2013四川卷）某中學生英文報近期開辟專欄，討論學習習慣問題。請你結(jié)合自身學習實際，按以下提示，用英文為該專欄寫一篇稿件。

1. 說明學習習慣與學習效果之間的關(guān)系；

2. 介紹一種好的學習習慣并提出養(yǎng)成該習慣的建議；

3. 描述自己在學習習慣方面存在的某個問題并給出改進措施。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)120左右，開頭語已為你寫好；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 文中不得透露個人姓名和學校名稱。

It’s useful and necessary to discuss learning habits.

Exercise 32

（2013天津卷）假設(shè)你是某大學的學生李津。你校英語俱樂部將選舉新一屆副主席，負責規(guī)劃. 組織俱樂部的相關(guān)活動。你欲參選。請按以下提示，寫一篇競選演講稿。

1. 個人優(yōu)勢介紹（如性格. 特長等）；

2. 組織校內(nèi)活動的設(shè)想（如舉辦講座. 英語晚會等）；

3. 組織校際交流活動的設(shè)想（如舉辦辯論賽. 演講比賽等）；

4. 表達當選的愿望。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)不少于100；

2. 請勿提及真實學校名稱；

3. 可適當加入細節(jié)，以使內(nèi)容充實、行文連貫；

4. 開頭. 結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

參考詞匯：副主席vice president 競選run for

Good afternoon， my dear friends.

My name is Li Jin...

Thank you.

Exercise 33

（2014浙江卷）學校圖書館需要購置一批新書， 現(xiàn)向?qū)W生征求意見。假如你是李越，你認為學校圖書館最需要購置科普類圖書（popular science books）和文學類圖書（literary books）。請你用英語給圖書館王老師寫一封100-120詞的信，推薦這兩類書，并分別說明推薦理由。

注意：信的抬頭與落款已給出（不計入詞數(shù)）。

Dear Mr. Wang，

...

Yours sincerely，

Li Yue

Exercise 34

假如你是北京第二中學的高三學生劉洋，高中畢業(yè)后打算去美國斯坦福大學讀計算機專業(yè)，該大學要求你用英語寫一封自薦信，要求向他們提供以下幾個方面的基本信息：

1. 你為什么選斯坦福大學？（世界著名大學，名教授云集，計算機專業(yè)很出名）

2. 你中學所學的課程及其成績。

3. 你的興趣愛好及其特長。

4. 將來打算。

注意：詞數(shù)100左右。

Exercise 35

目前，高三周末（周六全天，周日上午）補課是普遍現(xiàn)象，但褒貶不一，為此，你在部分學生和家長中做了一項調(diào)查，準備就調(diào)研結(jié)果在下周學校召開的家長會上做演講。

注意：詞數(shù)100左右。

Exercise 36

在過去幾年里，教育部就“高中取消文理分科的必要性和可行性”向社會征求意見，這一“永恒”的熱點再次一石千浪，引起了社會各界的熱議。請根據(jù)以下圖表里的內(nèi)容提示，用英語寫一篇短文參與討論。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右。

2. 文章開頭已寫好，但不計入總詞數(shù)。

3. 不必拘泥于提示文字，可用自己的話進行表達。

Should Sciences and Arts Education Be Separated

In the past few years， the Ministry of Education raised 20 important issues in various areas of China’s education system to collect public opinions and suggestions. Among them， the issue of whether the separation of sciences and arts subjects should be canceled has become a hot topic for the public. There are two different views about this. ...

Exercise 37

隨著經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，越來越多的北京居民擁有自己的汽車。但私家車過多，也造成了一系列問題，請根據(jù)以下提示，寫一篇文章發(fā)表自己的看法，以刊登在China Daily上。

現(xiàn)狀：到2014年，北京機動車數(shù)量達到550萬輛，其中私家車占到70%以上；

問題：空氣污染、噪音、交通堵塞、汽油短缺和交通事故；

措施：一些專家提出限制購買和限行，你覺得應(yīng)如何解決這個問題？

注意：

詞數(shù)100左右。

參考詞匯：居民——resident

Exercise 38

假設(shè)你叫李華，負責某國際交流俱樂部的對外交流工作，一位韓國的網(wǎng)友King 發(fā)來電子郵件，詢問有關(guān)2016年國際英語夏令營的有關(guān)信息，請你根據(jù)下面的海報給他回一封電子信函，說明有關(guān)活動情況，并邀請他參加你們的活動。

Welcome to Our International English Summer Camp 2010

◇營地：北京

◇活動時間：2016年7月22日——7月26日，共5天

◇參加人員：1）世界各國的中學生；

2）中國、美國、英國和澳大利亞的英語老師；

◇活動安排：1）舉行英語演講比賽；

2）游覽北京的名勝古跡：長城、故宮、頤和園、鳥巢等；

3）交流英語學習經(jīng)驗；

4）舉行聯(lián)歡晚會。

Come on， Join us！

注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Exercise 39

假如美國某中學想與你們學校發(fā)展為友好學校，對方組織了一個參觀團來你?？疾欤渲幸豁検橇私庹n程開設(shè)情況。你將作為校方代表在會議上發(fā)言，請根據(jù)下列提示，寫一篇發(fā)言稿。

注意： 1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 開頭已為你寫好，但不計入總詞數(shù)。

參考詞匯：必修課——compulsory courses

選修課——optional course

Ladies and gentlemen，

0First of all， on behalf of our school， I’d like to express our warmest welcome to our American friends. We hope they will have a good time here in our school.

Now I am going to say something about our courses. ...

Exercise 40

（2006福建卷）假如你們學?！坝⒄Z愛好者俱樂部”將對“良好飲食習慣”這一話題進行討論。請根據(jù)下列提示，用英語寫一篇發(fā)言稿。內(nèi)容要點應(yīng)包括：

注意：

1. 發(fā)言稿必須包括所有內(nèi)容要點，可適當發(fā)揮；

2. 發(fā)言稿開頭與結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)；

3. 詞數(shù)：100左右。

參考詞匯：偏食be particular about food

零食 snack

Dear friends，

As we all know， we are what we eat. Therefore， it’s very important for us to form healthy eating habits.

...

0That’s all. Thank you！

2. 圖表類寫作題選編。

Exercise 1

近日，某青少年心理教育網(wǎng)站對于中學生遇到困惑時的求助對象進行了一次調(diào)查。請你根據(jù)以下圖示，用英文寫一篇短文，并談?wù)動龅嚼щy時，你對求助對象的選擇及看法。

注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右；2. 短文的開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

Exercise 2

人們對于學生網(wǎng)上交友持不同意見。請你用英語寫一篇關(guān)于學生網(wǎng)上交友的短文，介紹人們的不同觀點，并表達自己的看法。

注意：1. 文章必須包括表中的全部內(nèi)容。

2. 詞數(shù)為100左右。

參考詞匯： 網(wǎng)絡(luò)朋友on-line friend（s）

上當受騙to be cheated

Exercise 3

今年2月6日，教育部對“高中是否應(yīng)該取消文理分科”征求民意，調(diào)查結(jié)果如圖表所示。

請結(jié)合題示，用英語寫一篇題為“Should Science and Arts Education Be Separated？”的短文，談一下你的看法，以便刊登在某一英文報刊上。

要求：

1. 觀點明確，理由充分。

2. 不要逐句翻譯。

3. 字數(shù)：100，開頭已經(jīng)給出，不計人總詞數(shù)。

Exercise 4

請根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容為學校英語報寫一篇報道。

最近， 我國教育專家對我國中學生所喜愛的節(jié)日進行了一項調(diào)查， 北京和廣州的1000多名中學生接受了調(diào)查。調(diào)查結(jié)果如下：

寫作要點：

1. 調(diào)查的時間. 對象和調(diào)查內(nèi)容；

2. 調(diào)查的主要數(shù)據(jù)；

3. 調(diào)查結(jié)果表明： 80%以上的學生知道我國的春節(jié)等傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日； 年輕人也很重視洋節(jié)日。

Exercise 5

最近，上海博物館宣布免費開放。消息傳出，博物館每天被聞訊涌來的上萬名游客擠得近乎\"爆棚\"。這一現(xiàn)象引發(fā)了各方的熱烈討論：博物館該不該免費開放？下圖是某網(wǎng)站進行的一次社會調(diào)查，請你根據(jù)圖示用英語給該網(wǎng)站的英語欄目寫一篇短文介紹調(diào)查結(jié)果，并為三種不同的意見擬寫各自的理由。

注意： 1. 詞數(shù)150左右（文章開頭已經(jīng)給出，但不計入總詞數(shù)）；

2. 可以有適當發(fā)揮，以使行文連貫。

Recently a survey entitled“Should museums be free to the public？”has been conducted to find out people’s attitudes towards this question.

Exercise 6

受某英文報的委托，你最近對高中生的英語閱讀興趣做了一次調(diào)查。請根據(jù)以下信息，用英語為該報寫一篇100詞左右的短文。短文的標題及首句已為你寫好。

調(diào)查內(nèi)容：在新聞. 故事. 科普. 學習方法四種英文文章中，學生最喜歡哪一種調(diào)查范圍：湖北省的10所中學 調(diào)查對象：高中生

調(diào)查人數(shù)：1，000 調(diào)查方式：訪談

調(diào)查結(jié)果：（見下圖）

Exercise 7

下面的餅狀圖（pie chat）顯示了你對你校學生興趣愛好的調(diào)查結(jié)果。請你用英語給English Weekly寫一篇短文，報道你的調(diào)查結(jié)果，并對此結(jié)果發(fā)表你的看法或建議。字數(shù)120詞左右。首句已給出（不計入詞數(shù)）。

Exercise 8

最近，你校學生會對分類垃圾箱是否進教室一事進行了調(diào)查，調(diào)查結(jié)果見下表。請根據(jù)圖表提供的信息用英語寫一篇短文，介紹同學們的不同意見和看法，并表達你自己的觀點。注意：詞數(shù)不少于120。提示詞：餅狀圖pie chart

學生對分類垃圾箱進教室的不同看法及所占比例

Recently the Student Union conducted a survey on whether recycling dustbins should be set in classrooms.

Exercise 9

我國正提倡建設(shè)“節(jié)約型社會”，下圖為某校兩個學期用水. 用電. 用紙的情況。請對其進行簡要分析，以“How to build an economized society”題，寫一篇作文，談?wù)勛约旱南敕ā?/p>

How to build an economized society

Our government is aiming to build an economized society. It is everybody’s duty to work hard to achieve this goal including us students.

Exercise 10

受某英文報紙的委托，最近你對肥胖型高中學生作了一次調(diào)查，了解他們對造成自身肥胖原因的認識。請根據(jù)以下提示的信息，為該報寫一篇100詞左右的短文。 首句已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。

調(diào)查內(nèi)容：高中學生對自身肥胖原因的認識

調(diào)查范圍：河北省的10所高中

調(diào)查對象：高中學生

調(diào)查人數(shù)：1，000人

調(diào)查方式：問卷

調(diào)查結(jié)果：（見下圖）

參考詞匯：肥胖 obesity n. 調(diào)查問卷 questionnaire

家族基因 family genes

Recently a survey has been done to find out the causes of obesity among high school students...

Exercise 11

假如你是高中三年級的學生張明，在學校組織了一項“有煩惱向誰說”的調(diào)查活動。請用英語給校報編輯寫一封信，反映相關(guān)情況。內(nèi)容包括：調(diào)查結(jié)果（如圖所示），持相應(yīng)想法的理由及你對調(diào)查結(jié)果的看法。

注意：1 . 信的開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出。2. 字數(shù)120詞左右。

Dear Editor，

I am a Senior Three student . Recently we have carried out a survey——“To Whom do you go when in trouble？” The results are follows

...

Yours sincerely，

Zhang Ming

Exercise 12

近期某網(wǎng)站就校車安全問題進行了一次社會調(diào)查，結(jié)果見下圖。請根據(jù)圖示用英語寫一篇短文，介紹調(diào)查結(jié)果并談?wù)劜扇∈裁创胧﹣肀Ｕ闲＼嚢踩▽?條措施），供有關(guān)部門參考。詞數(shù)120左右。

注意：1.文章的開頭已經(jīng)給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

2. 提示詞：餅形圖 pie chart， 報廢車 abandoned vehicles

Exercise 13

林書豪（Jeremy Lin）在NBA的優(yōu)異表現(xiàn)在全球掀起了一股“林旋風”。近期某網(wǎng)站 就林書豪現(xiàn)象對網(wǎng)民進行了一次調(diào)查，結(jié)果見下表。請根據(jù)下面表格的文字內(nèi)容和餅狀圖，用英語寫一篇短文，短文內(nèi)容須包括表中提供的所有信息。

注意：1.對所給提示，不要簡單翻譯，可適當增加細節(jié)，使行文連貫。

2. 詞數(shù)120左右。開頭己給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

Recently， a survey on Jeremy Lin has been conducted among netizens on a website.

Exercise 14

假如你叫李華，是北京某外國語學校學生會主席。學校將組織你們參觀故宮博物院。請根據(jù)下面表格中的內(nèi)容用英語給學校播音室寫一個口頭通知。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)：約120-150；

2. 開頭己為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。

Attention please， everyone，

This is an announcement from the Students’Union。

Exercise 15

請根據(jù)下列表格的內(nèi)容提示， 寫一篇題為SAVE EARTH， SAVE US的公益廣告解說詞。

注意：1. 詞數(shù)：150左右；2. 內(nèi)容要涵蓋上面所列的幾條。

Exercise 16

經(jīng)星棉紡廠（Hongxing Cotton Mill）是對外開放企業(yè)，目前正準備引進外資，擴大規(guī)模，下列圖表反映出該廠近十年發(fā)生的變化，請根據(jù)下表內(nèi)容，用英語為該廠寫一篇簡價，以吸引國外投資者向該廠投資.

注意：1. 詞數(shù)：100左右；2. 可適當發(fā)揮，但要合情合理；

3. 參考詞匯：投資invest 設(shè)備equipment

Exercise 17

上周末我校在2600名學生中進行了有關(guān)“幸福感”的相關(guān)問題調(diào)查。請根據(jù)以下數(shù)據(jù)情況，寫一篇英語短文。

注意：1. 詞數(shù)100 左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Exercise 18

根據(jù)下而面的圖表提示，以“Air Pollution”為題，報道某城市空氣污染情況，并就如何改進提出兩條可行的建議：改進新能源；綠化城市。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100詞左右；

2. 開頭已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。

參考詞匯：車輛vehicle有毒的poisonous因素factor

Air pollution

With the development of industry， air pollution is getting more and more serious. In this city， many people suffer from different kinds of illness because of air pollution.

Exercise 19

假設(shè)下面是你們學校對學生課外閱讀情況所作的調(diào)查。請根據(jù)下面的圖表為某報社寫一篇有關(guān)這次調(diào)查的報道，并適當發(fā)表你自己的看法。

學生閱讀各類書籍的比例表沒看過文學名著的原因

要求：1. 字數(shù)150左右。2. 短文中已寫好了的部分，不計入詞數(shù)。

Recently our school has had a survey on reading. It shows

...

Exercise 20

假設(shè)你叫李華，你的美國筆友Johnson想和家人來中國定居，請你幫他在A. B兩個城市中做出選擇。下面的圖表是對這兩座城市在就業(yè). 娛樂和環(huán)境等方面所作的對比。請你根據(jù)該表提供的信息用英語給他寫封電子郵件，提出你的建議并說明理由。

注意：

1. 圖表左邊的數(shù)字說明人們對這兩個城市的喜愛程度。

2. 詞數(shù)l20左右。短文開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。

Dear Johnson，

I’m so glad to learn that you and your family are coming to settle down in China.

Exercise 21

（2012江蘇卷）生活中沖突時有發(fā)生。假設(shè)你班同學蘇華和李江打籃球時發(fā)生爭執(zhí)，導致關(guān)系緊張。請你結(jié)合此事，并根據(jù)以下提示，用英語寫一篇短文，向?qū)W校英文報“Happy Teens”專欄投稿。

注意：

1. 對所有要店要逐一陳述，適當發(fā)揮，不要簡單翻譯。

2. 詞數(shù)150左右。開頭已經(jīng)寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。

3. 作文中不得提及有關(guān)考生個人身份的任何信息，如校名. 人名等。

Conflicts with others are common in everyday life

3. 圖畫類寫作題選編。

Exercise 1

（2014年新課標1）假如你是李華，計劃暑假期間去英國學習英語為期六周。下面的廣告引起了你的注意。請給該校寫一封信，詢問有關(guān)情況。（箭頭所指內(nèi)容）

注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文流暢。

參考詞匯：住宿-accommodation

Exercise 2

（2010 北京卷）假設(shè)你是紅星中學高二（1）班的學生李華。下面四幅圖描述了近期發(fā)生在你們班的一個真實故事。請根據(jù)圖片的先后順序，為校刊“英語園地”寫一篇短文，詞數(shù)不少于60。

Exercise 3

（2011南京二模）請你根據(jù)下面這幅漫畫用英語寫一篇短文。短文內(nèi)容應(yīng)該包括以下三個方面：

1. 描述這幅漫畫的內(nèi)容；

2. 是否同意他們的教育方式，并陳述理由；

3. 對家庭教育提出建議。

注意：1. 詞數(shù)：150左右；

2. 作文中不得提及考生所在學校和本人姓名。

參考詞匯： 溺愛 spoil vt.

Exercise 4

（2011湖南卷）Directions： Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假設(shè)你參加所在年級的英文寫作比賽，請按如下要求完成一篇短文；

1. 簡要描述下圖內(nèi)容，并點名主題；

2. 聯(lián)系實際，表達該圖帶給你的啟示。

注意：1. 詞數(shù)不少于120個；

2. 不能使用真實姓名和學校名稱。

Exercise 5

（2011江蘇卷）這幅照片展現(xiàn)了女兒為回家的媽媽拿包的情景。請根據(jù)你對這幅照片的理解用英文寫一篇短文。

你的短文應(yīng)包含一下內(nèi)容：

1. 描述照片內(nèi)容，如情景. 人物. 動作，等等；

2. 結(jié)合自身實際，談?wù)勀愕母邢耄?/p>

3. 舉例說明你能為家長減負做些什么。

注意：

1. 可參照圖中文字及下面文章開頭所給提示，作必要的發(fā)揮想象。

2. 詞數(shù)150左右。開頭已經(jīng)寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。

3. 作文中不得提及考生所在學校和本人姓名。

The burden of students has been a hot topic for years， but the load of parents has received little attention， especially from their own children.

Exercise 6

（2012北京卷）假設(shè)你是紅星中學高三（1）班的學生李華，校報英文版正在開展“續(xù)寫雷鋒日記”活動。請根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，將你所做的一件好事以日記形式記述下來，向校報投稿。

注意：1. 日記的開頭已為你寫好。

2. 詞數(shù)不少于60.

Saturday， June 2 Fine

This morning

Exercise 7

（2012福建卷）假定你是某中學生英語報的小記者，以下漫畫內(nèi)容是你的所見所聞，請根據(jù)要求寫一篇英語短文投稿。內(nèi)容要求：

1. 描述漫畫內(nèi)容；2. 發(fā)表個人感想。

注意：

1. 短文標題與開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；

2. 考生可適當發(fā)揮，使文章內(nèi)容充實. 連貫；

3. 詞數(shù)120左右；

4. 文中不能出現(xiàn)考生的具體信息。

參考詞匯：告示牌sign

Mind Your Behavior in Public places

Last Sunday， I went sightseeing with my friends in the Fairy Lake Park.

Exercise 8

（2013北京卷）假設(shè)你是紅星中學高三（1）班的學生李華，請根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，用英語寫一篇周記，記述爸爸出差期間，媽媽生病，你照顧她的過程。

注意：1. 周記的開頭已經(jīng)為你寫好。

2. 詞數(shù)不少于60。

Last Monday，

Exercise 9

（2013福建卷）孩子的成長和教育是社會熱議的話題，現(xiàn)今父母包攬一切，孩子過度依賴等現(xiàn)象十分嚴重。請閱讀下面的漫畫，按要求用英文寫一篇短文。

內(nèi)容要求：

1. 描述漫畫內(nèi)容；

2. 分析漫畫所揭示的問題；

3. 提出你的看法。

注意：

1. 短文開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；

2. 考生可適當發(fā)揮，使文章內(nèi)容充實. 連貫；

3. 詞數(shù)120左右；

4. 文中不能出現(xiàn)考生的具體信息。

參考詞匯：鋪路pave the way

From the picture we can see a family of three walking on a long red carpet.

Exercise 10

（2013江蘇卷）請根據(jù)你對以下兩幅圖的理解， 以“Actions Speak Louder than Words”為題， 用英語寫一篇作文。

你的作文應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：

1. 簡要描述兩幅圖的內(nèi)容；

2. 概述你對兩幅圖中不同做法的理解；

3. 舉例說明兩幅圖對你的啟示。

注意：

1. 可參照圖片適當發(fā)揮；

2. 作文詞數(shù)150左右；

3. 作文中不得提及有關(guān)考生個人身份的任何信息，如校名. 人名等。

參考詞匯： 橫幅 banner 樹樁 stump

Actions Speak Louder than Words

Exercise 11

（2014北京市第四十四中學高三第一學期期中測試）

You are discussing the following picture with your English friend Jim. Now you are telling him how you understand the picture and what makes you think so.

Exercise 12

（2014·江蘇省南通中學高三上學期期中考試）

如圖所示，一群高中學生正在操場撿拾垃圾，旁邊有部分學生在踢球玩耍，對撿垃圾者熟視無睹。請你根據(jù)對這幅照片的理解用英語寫一篇150詞左右的短文。短文應(yīng)包含以下內(nèi)容：

1. 簡要描述照片內(nèi)容，如情景. 人物. 動作，等等；

2. 目前校園內(nèi)環(huán)保狀況；

3. 你自己的感想和建議。

注意：

1. 可參照圖片及下面文章開頭所給提示，作必要的發(fā)揮想象。

2. 詞數(shù)150左右。開頭已經(jīng)寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。

3. 作文中不得提及考生所在學校和本人姓名。

As is vividly portrayed in the picture，

…

Exercise 13

根據(jù)下面圖片介紹杭州 “最美司機” 吳斌的英雄事跡。內(nèi)容如下：

吳斌與乘客正行駛在高速公路上， 突然不明飛行物迎面飛來， 打碎了玻璃， 擊中了吳斌。他忍痛停車. 開門. 讓乘客下車。后來吳斌失去知覺， 乘客避免一場災(zāi)難。

詞數(shù)：100～120個

Exercise 14

請根據(jù)下面的漫畫內(nèi)容，結(jié)合生活實際，用英語寫一篇短文描述漫畫內(nèi)容，分析這種社會現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因，并發(fā)表感想。

注意：1. 詞數(shù)：100左右；

2. 文章的開頭已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。

參考詞匯：義務(wù)勞動voluntary labour； 觀念outlook； 精神文明spiritual civilization； 物質(zhì)文明material civilization

We can see in the picture that ...

Exercise 15

假設(shè)你是紅星中學高三（1）班的學生李華，請按照以下四幅圖的先后順序，用英文寫一篇周記， 記述你和父母一起為爺爺過生日的過程。

注意：1.周記的開頭已為你寫好。2.詞數(shù)不少于100。

Last Saturday was my grandfather’s birthday.

Exercise 16

針對校園內(nèi)一些同學吸煙的現(xiàn)象，學校學生會發(fā)出“請遠離香煙”的倡議。請你根據(jù)下列圖片提示擬一份倡議書。

內(nèi)容包括：

1. 列舉吸煙的種種危害；

2. 分析吸煙上癮的原因；

3. 發(fā)出禁煙倡議。

注意： 1. 詞數(shù)120；

2. 文章開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

Nowadays we can see some students smoke on campus. It’s harmful and should be banned. And the Students’ Union appeals to the whole society to stay far away from cigarettes.

Exercise 17

假如你是李華，你班將召開以“How to be a good studen”為主題的英語班會。請你根據(jù)下圖提示，寫一篇發(fā)言稿。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)：120左右；

2. 文章開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；

3. 可適當發(fā)揮，以使行文連貫；

4. 文中不得提及考生所在學校和本人姓名。

Dear classmates，

I am glad to share with you my ideas about how to be a good student.

…

That’s all. Thank you！

Exercise 18

假如你叫李華，上周來自美國Hingham中學的交換學生Tim到你們學校訪問，作為接待家庭，你參加了這次活動。請根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，介紹參加這次活動的完整過程，給學校英文投稿。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)不少于100；

2. 文章開頭已為你寫好，不計入總詞。

We had some American exchange students in our school last week. As a host brother. I’d like to share some happy experiences with you.

Exercise 19

最近全國多地都遭遇霧霾天氣（haze），PM2.5（可入肺顆粒物）與PM10（可吸入顆粒物）這些以前鮮為人知的術(shù)語也為普通老百姓所熟悉，環(huán)保問題日益突出，受到更多關(guān)注。假設(shè)你是學生會主席李華，就我們?nèi)绾畏婪鹅F霾及保護環(huán)境，向同學們發(fā)出一個倡議。內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括：

1. 霧霾天氣現(xiàn)狀

2. 分析原因及提出個人防范建議

3. 倡議環(huán)保措施

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)不少于80；

2. 內(nèi)容可適當發(fā)揮，注意行文連貫。

Exercise 20

某英文報社舉辦英語作文大賽，請你根據(jù)提示并結(jié)合漫畫的內(nèi)容寫一篇英語作文參加比賽。

內(nèi)容包括：

描述漫畫的內(nèi)容；

分析漫畫所反映的社會現(xiàn)象；

針對此現(xiàn)象談?wù)勀愕目捶ā?/p>

八、標準測試

Test 1

第二節(jié) 書面表達（滿分25分）

假定你是李華，今年暑假期間你參加了中國學生赴美游學東西海岸項目（2014 US Summer Camp for Chinese Students East and West Coast Program），你想把這一經(jīng)歷向你的英語老師Johnson（已回英國）匯報一下，下面的提示為你匯報的主要內(nèi)容：

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：家庭住宿—homestay

Test 2

第三節(jié) 寫作 （滿分20分）

假如你是李華，你的美國朋友Tom一周前給你發(fā)電子郵件，準備在暑假參加你校組織的為期15天的夏令營，他想了解一下夏令營的具體情況。請根據(jù)以下要點給他回封郵件：

1. 活動時間和地點：7月21日-8月5日；濱海度假村（Seaside Holiday Village）；

2. 內(nèi)容：參觀當?shù)仫L景名勝、語言學習講座、舉辦晚會、交流學習經(jīng)驗等；

3. 好處：放松、結(jié)交新朋友。

注意：1. 詞數(shù)：100詞左右；

2. 可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

3. 信的開頭和結(jié)尾已寫好，但不計入總詞數(shù)。

Dear Tom，

How time flies！ It has been nearly a year since we parted. I missed you very much. You asked me in your last e-mail about the coming summer camp. Now I’ll tell you something about it.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Best wishes.

Yours，

Li Hua

參考范文

六、基礎(chǔ)訓練

Exercise 1

The English Week with the theme “Learning English Happily”， organized by the Students’ Union， began from 4∶30-5∶30 every afternoon in the 10th week.

There are series of activities for students on the first floor of the teaching building. In Spoken English Practice， many foreign teachers got themselves involved in it， which I think is good for us to practice our spoken English. Besides， Recitation， Speech Contest， Singing Contest， Drama， Debate， Dubbing and Model UN are included.

Such activities not only create the English atmosphere in campus but stimulate students’ enthusiasm in learning English and improve their English ability as well.

Exercise 2

Nowadays， the hazy weather frequently appears in our country， which has not only done harm to people’s health， but also affected the public transportation.

As a result of it， terrible accidents happen every now and then， and some highways have to be shut down because of the low visibility. Obviously， air pollution is the main factor that has resulted in the frequency of hazy weather， and at the same time， all kinds of dust and exhaust emission from cars and buses has made the situation even worse. So proper measures should be adopted to deal with the serious problem.

To students， opportunities for outdoor sports activities should be decreased， washing faces and hands with running water after each outing is also important， and do not forget to wear a good-quality mask to protect yourself while going outside.

Exercise 3

On Tuesday， April 30， 2015， our School Union launched a series of activities， so as to make us students know some knowledge of earthquakes and learn how to protect themselves in emergency.

First of all， each class has carried out a class meeting to introduce the knowledge of earthquakes and self-protection. Then， at 3：30 pm. on hearing the alarm， we students quickly hid into relatively safe positions. Then under the command of our teachers， we quickly and orderly made our way to the playground within 4 minutes.

Through the activities， all the teachers and students understood some emergency knowledge if earthquake should occur and we have mastered some basic protection measures and methods， which could be adopted in response to the earthquake.

Exercise 4

As middle school students， we are busy with our study， so we should arrange our time properly.

In order to work effectively， we’d better make a schedule and make full use of every minute. We should respect the old and love the young，including our parents and our teachers and we should also unite the students around us to help each other Above all， everyone must be honest and trustworthy in our daily life to live harmoniously in the school， Last but not least， we should take an active part in the after-school activities， which will not only provide us the chances to make friends，but also make our school life more colorful as well.

Exercise 5

You are the very person who gives me a hand when necessary and the most considerate person who knows exactly what I need.

When I suddenly fell ill two years ago， it was you who carried me on your back to a nearby hospital. You took good care of me while I was having an injection.

Later， you managed to help me with my lessons， without which I would have failed in the examination. I still have hundreds of stories to share with you and have thousands of blessings for you.

Exercise 6

In order that we can make the best of learning materials， the Students’ Union of our school is arranging an activity. We students of Senior Three are called on to give away our used books， newspapers or magazines to the students in the lower grades. The idea， which is intended for promoting friendship and encouraging economy， is highly praised and supported by the teachers and students alike. The activity will last about ten days， from June 10 to 20. As a student， I am strongly for the activity because it is very meaningful and helpful.

Exercise 7

My hometown， Guangdong province of China， neighbors Hong Kong. It has a long history of more than 2000 years and a population of1 hundred million. With its highly-developed economy， the people in my hometown are leading a happy life. It offers children modern education and 90% of the high school leavers are admitted to universities. Every year the picturesque scenery attracts lots of visitors from home and abroad.

Exercise 8

I want to have a pen friend， hopefully a girl in her early twenties， and with interests similar to mine. In my mind， she is someone who is interested in traveling， swimming， and playing table tennis. Besides， it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time. With such a pen friend， I think I can share with her our traveling experiences， taking care of pets， or whatever we have in common. And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country.

Exercise 9

Lushan National Park， covering an area of 302 square kilometers， is located in the north of Jiangxi Province. As an ancient educational and religious centre， Lushan was awarded World Heritage Centre-Cultural Landscape in December， 1996. It is said that over 4， 000 poems have been written about Lushan Mountain since East Jin Dynasty. Not only is it famous for its culture， but also it attracts tourists for its seas of clouds， waterfalls， cliffs and so on. When it comes to the best time to travel there， it’s summer， but you can enjoy beautiful scenery all the year round.

Exercise 10

Recently a survey has been carried out on whether you take notes in class or not among all the 2， 105 senior students.

I am so worried about the finding of the survey. The data shows that only a quarter of the students surveyed often take notes in class， which helps to get their studies improved， while about 37% of the students do a try， but they don’t know how to take notes， hoping to get a hand from the teachers. To my surprise， from the survey I know about 38% of the students have never taken notes， for they have no idea what to take in class.

In my opinion， our teachers should tell the students what to write down in class so that they can make greater progress in study.

七、分類練習

1. 提綱類寫作題選編。

Exercise 1

Dear Peter，

I read in a newspaper today that a “Learn Chinese， Sing Chinese Songs” Foreigners’ Talent Show will be held in Beijing Television Station on July 18. I know you like singing， and you are in Beijing during that period. I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent， and how well you’ve learned Chinese. If you would like to try， you’ll have to go to the TV station to sign up before the end of June. If there is anything I can do for you， I would be more than glad to help.

Yours，

Li Hua

Exercise 2

Dear Peter，

I’m writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.

I want to have a pen friend， hopefully a girl in her early twenties， and with interests similar to mine. In my mind， she is someone who is interested in traveling， swimming， and playing table tennis. Besides， it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time. With such a pen friend， I think I can share with her our traveling experiences， taking care of pets， or whatever we have in common. And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country.

I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Best regards，

Li Hua

Exercise 3

Dear Sir/ Madam，

Greetings from China！

I’m Li Hua， a student in Sichuan. I’ve been a panda lover since I was a child. About three years ago I was delighted to learn that Baiyun gave birth to her daughter Sulin and I’ve been watching her grow on your website. Now she’s going to be there. I’d like to wish her a happy birthday and to express my thanks to you for your hard work， because of which Sulin and her parents are living a happy and healthy life in the US.

By the way， could I have a photo of Sulin taken on her third birthday？ Thank you very much in advance.

Yours truly，

Li Hua

Exercise 4

Mrs Wilson，

I’m going out shopping， and won’t be back until about 5：00 pm. I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library. At about I o’clock this afternoon， Tracy called， saying that she couldn’t meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning as she has something important to attend to. She felt very sorry about that， but said that you could set some other time for the meeting. She wanted you to call her back as soon as you are home. She has already told Susan about this change.

Li Hua

Exercise 5

Dear Ms. Smith，

I’m Li Hua， the chair of the Students’ Union of Yucca Middle School， which is close to your university. I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest which will be held in our school on June 15. It will start at 2∶00 pm and last for about three hours .Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and Nature”. We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you .

Please call me at 44876655 if you have any questions.

I am looking forward to your reply.

With best wishes，

Li Hua

Exercise 6

Dear Sir/Madam，

I'm Li Hua， a Chinese student taking summer courses in your university. I’m writing to ask for help. I came here last month and found my courses interesting. But I have some difficulties with note-taking and I have no idea of how to use the library. I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I’m anxious to get help from you. I have no class on Tuesday mornings and Friday afternoons. Please let me know which day is OK with you. You may email or phone me. Here are my email address and phone number： lihua@1236.com； 12345678.

Look forward to your reply.

Yours

Li Hua

Exercise 7

Dear Sir or Madam，

I’m Li Hua， a middle school student from China. I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it. I know that you welcome students from different countries and I’d like to take part in it. I’ve been learning English for 10 years， and I speak fluent English. What is more， I’ll be able to tell students from other countries about China and learn about their countries as well. I hope I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp.

Looking forward to your reply！

Regards，

Li Hua

Exercise 8

Dear Peter，

How are you doing？I’m writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference， and I’ve asked him to bring you the Chinese painting you’ve asked for before. Also， I’d like you to do me a favor. Would you please meet my uncle at the airport and take him to his hotel since this is his first visit to the U.S.？ Thank you in advance！ His flight number is CA985， and it will arrive at 11：30 am， August 6. My uncle is tall and he is wearing glasses. And he will be in a blue jacket.

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours，

Li Hua

Exercise 9

I still remember how serious I was on my first day in the new school three years ago， when I found it difficult to follow my teacher in the first English class. The teacher spoke English throughout the class， which was totally different from the lessons I had taken before. In the morning class the next day， the English teacher came to me while I was reading the text aloud as other students. After listening to me for a while， she gave me a big smile and said she liked my voice very much. The smile shone on the whole day and the following days. A week later， I volunteered to take charge of English study in my class.

Thanks to the comforting smile in my first morning class， I began to be confident.

Exercise 10

Boys and girls，

Today I’ll talk about our English club. Our English club was set up two months ago. Now we have members of 25. We meet once a week on Saturday afternoon. So far we have conducted a variety of activities on English learning， such as watching English films， including a Christmas party [and getting together with foreign students. Last week we held an English story-telling competition. We required that the entries be original and [interesting and be presented in English within five minutes. Every member took an active part in the activity. Two foreign English teachers were invited to act as judges. At last Li Bing won the first place. Many members said， the activity benefited them in many ways. Not only did it improve their spoken English， but also it brought them much fun. They hope many such activities can be held.

That’s all. Thank you.

Exercise 11

Dear teachers and schoolmates，

It’s a great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you. I'm interested in English， and hope to be an interpreter in the future. Naturally it’s very important for me to learn English well. As everybody knows vocabulary is an important part of language， just like bricks in a building. I usually memorize twenty new words a day and put them to use whenever possible. After class， I often listen to English programs on TV and on the radio. Besides， I’ve learned a lot from the Internet and other sources. Now， I’d like to make some suggestions on English teaching and learning in our school. Firstly， we should be given more opportunities to use what we’ve learned in order to have a better grasp of it. Secondly， I hope our teachers can recommend more interesting books and magazines and give us more free time to read them. Finally， I suggest we have more English activities，such as English contests and festivals.

Thank you for listening.

Exercise 12

Magic Power of Polite Words

We use magic words in our daily life without realizing it. These magic words， for instance “please” “thank you “ “sorry”， can add luster to our life.

Magic words can help build friendship. They make you polite and easier to get along with， thus strengthen the relationship between you and others.

Once you offend someone else， you can as well use these words. A word such as “sorry” will make him less annoyed.

Try using polite words every now and then. Once you do， you will never find yourself drained of energy for life. You use polite words， in return， these words will provide you with magic power.

Exercise 13

English Advisor Wanted

The Students’ Union of our school decides to invite an international student to work as an English Study Advisor next term. The main responsibilities of the advisor include helping students to practice their oral English， answering their questions， and helping organize activities such as singing English songs， English evenings， or lectures on interesting topics. The applicant should be a native speaker of English. Fluency in Chinese is preferred. The advisor is expected to work 4 hours per week. If you are interested， please call Li Hua at 13011223344 for an interview. Payment for the service will be discussed during the interview.

Students’ Union

Yucai High School

Exercise 14

Dear Tom，

I am indeed very sorry that I can’t go to Beijing with you next week， which I have promised. I feel sorry for about it and want you to know what happened.

Just now， my cousin， Li Qiong， who left home to Australia for his further study last year， informed me that he would return this Saturday morning and asked me to pick him up at the airport with his family. You know， we haven’t seen each other for nearly a year.

I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand me. I would appreciate your allowing me to make another date to show you around Beijing .Once again I’m sorry for any inconvenience caused.

Sincerely yours，

Li Hua

Exercise 15

Years of school life has taught me a lot of things， of which teamwork is the most important for me.

In fact， I didn’t realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school. At first， I did most of the duties myself while other students cared little about class activities. As a result， I was tired out and depressed. Then I turned to my teacher and he advised me to cooperate with others. Thus I began to recognize the strengths of my classmates and have everyone do their part in class.

It is working in teams instead of on my own that has freed me of trouble and made my work more efficient.

Exercise 16

Good morning， everyone，

I am Li Hua form Xingguang Middle School. The topic of my speech is “Let’s Ride Bicycles”.

As is known to all， with the improvement of people’s living standards， cars have become a popular means of transport， bringing great convenience to our life. However， they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.

How can we solve the problems then？ As far as I’m convened， riding bicycles is a good solution. For one thing， bicycles don’t need any petrol and they are energy – saving. For another， bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won’t give off waste gas. What’s more， riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.

Therefore， let’s take the responsibility to build up a low carbon city by riding bicycles. Come on and join us！

Thank you！

Exercise 17

June 8

Dear Sir/Madam，

I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary. I’m really interested in this position and hope I can work for you.

I’m 18 years old and will be graduating from Xinxing Foreign Languages School this July. I’m an excellent student， among the top 5 in my class of 50 students. I’m good at English， especially spoken English. I often use the computer and I type very fast. In my spare time， I read a lot. Poems are my favorite. I enjoy music very much too. Being an active young person， I like sports and outdoor activities. Besides， I’m easy to get along with and I like to make friends.

I’m looking forward to your reply.

Sincerely yours，

Li Hua

Exercise 18

Dear Tom，

It’s a month since you studied in Beijing. How is everything going with you？ I am really happy to spend such an unforgettable experience with you here.

I am going to take part in an English speech contest for middle school students in July this summer. I think the chance is of great importance for me. To have a very good performance， I am making preparations for it. However， I still have some trouble in collecting useful materials. Meanwhile， I find it hard to use English properly. I would appreciate it if you could offer me a hand. I also hope that the great effort I am making will pay off.

You know， I have been missing you since you left， so I hope to see you in Beijing after the English contest. I can’t wait to see you again！

Yours Sincerely，

Li Hua

Exercise 19

Hi， TigerMom，

What puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in China. My idea is that it is not quite right for you to do so.

Although high grades are an important factor in evaluating students and for their future university admission， development in wisdom， emotion， health， and life attitude should never be ignored. There are many examples around us. Some all-A students in school have turned out not to be as successful in society as they were expected. The reason is often that the pressure from their parents allows them almost no time for other activities. Furthermore， punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.

So I suggest that you take your friends’ advice. More importantly， let her live like a lovely girl； let her have more friends and social activities； and let her make mistakes of her own as we teenagers often do.

Exercise 20

Good morning， everyone！

The topic of my speech today is “Thoughts on becoming a grown-up.”

As a child， I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could have whatever I wanted and do whatever I liked. Now I’m a grown-up， but I find things do not go as I expected. Although I can enjoy more freedom， at the same time I realize that being a grown-up not only means this， but also more responsibilities. I hope to do more for my parents and society in the future to make my life more meaningful. To reach the goal， I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination and enter a good university.

Thank you for your listening.

Exercise 21

Dear Mr. Smith，

I am Li Hua， chairman of the Student Union， from Chenguang High School. A students’ visiting group coming from the US will pay a visit to our school on June 26 and I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day. My plan about these activities is as follow.

The morning on of your arrival， we will show you around our school and introduce our most advanced science lab to you. Then a discussion will be held， which may cover such topics as school life， cultural differences and so on， aiming to improve mutual understanding. At noon， we will have a get-together in our school's dining hall. To let our guests know more about our traditional customs and culture， we will prepare dumplings and noodles as main food. In the afternoon， our guests together with some of our student representatives are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there. After that， you will end your visit to our school.

What do you think of the plan？ Can you give me some advice on how to make your visit to our school more interesting and impressive？ I look forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

Exercise 22

In the English Reading Week， one of my classmates recommended a quote to us， which goes like this；“Your future depends on many things， but mostly on you.” I can't agree more with this view. It’s true that our future is determined by many things， such as opportunities and help from others， but our own attitude， determination， and hard work play a more important role. In other words， we are the master of our own future.

Take Abraham Lincoln， for example. He was born in a poor family， and only received a limited education in his childhood. Yet through his painstaking efforts， he changed not only his own fate but also the’history of America. Even to this day. Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring figures in the world. Therefore， I firmly believe that our future is in our own hands.

Exercise 23

Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in an ordinary school. Disappointed as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly-equipped classroom， I found the teachers patient and considerate. Besides， I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class. I decided to make the best of it. I worked hard and got along well with my teachers and classmates. Whenever I had difficulties， they were always available. Soon， I became one of the top students in my class， which greatly increased my confidence and got me motivated.

My experience tells me that it is not what you are given but how you make use of it that determines who you are.

Exercise 24

I Like Reading

Reading is my favorite hobby. I can never stop the love for reading because books are like wise teachers as well as good friends in my life. As we know， books are the source of knowledge. I benefit a great deal from reading.

There are a variety of books for us to choose from， like history books， science books library books and so on. But what interests me most is literary books， especially those by famous writers. For one thing， they help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons. For another， they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun. Isn’t it a pleasure to have great calm in mind while you are reading？

Exercise 25

Dear Editor，

As a student reader， I am writing to talk about the English textbooks published by your house. These books have many advantages. One of them is that we can find a variety of topics， such as science， culture and history. These topics， I think， are very popular with us students. What’s more， along with the texts there are many beautiful and colorful pictures， which can help us understand English better. Even the students who used to dislike English have turned out to be interested in the subject. However， some of the texts have too many new words and expressions which are hard for us. Therefore， I'd like to suggest changing them into easier ones.

Best regards，

Li Hua

Exercise 26

Mrs. Li， our English teacher， most have found it strange on Teachers’ Day： she did not receive a single greeting card from us students. She would have never thought a complete surprise was waiting for her.

As Teachers’ Day was approaching， our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year. On the afternoon of September 10， some of us decorated our classroom with paper flowers and balloons， and other went to buy cakes， drinks and fruits. The blackboard was decorated with beautiful words， which re“Happy Teachers’ Day！”

Entering the classroom， Ms. Li was surprised to find we were standing in line， clapping hands and saying loudly “Happy Teachers’Day！” Wang Hua， our monitor， presented her with the prepared flowers. Some of the girls sang songs for Ms. Li， and three boys showed their Gong fu talent. Before we left， we enjoyed a new English song by Ms. Li.

Ms. Li spent a wonderful time with us， but we know that we cannot thank her enough for all her hard work and

Exercise 27

Dear Ms Li，

I’m very happy to have you as our English teacher.

As the world is becoming a global village， English is getting more and more important， so mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.

My English is just OK and the two main problem in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart， and that I often feel nervous when speaking English. I really hope that you can give me good advice on how to memorize new words. Another suggestion is to give us more chances to practise speaking. I believe we can make much progress in English with your help.

Thank you！

Li Hua

Exercise 28

Last week， a football match was held between we Class One and Class Two.

The players from both sides are all excellent football players， so the match went on fiercely at first. At last the result is： the winner is Class Two， and we were the loser.

We didn’t win the match， but we didn't lose heart. On the one hand， we think that friendship comes first， and a match comes second. On the other hand， since we all tried our best， we had no regret. In our life we may meet many failures， as long as we try our best， there's no need feeling regretful for these failures. What’s more， we should analyze the reasons of the failures to get success for the next time.

In a word， success is important， and so is failure， because it’s the mother of success.

Exercise 29

The Mid-Autumn Festival

The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th of the eighth month of our Chinese lunar calendar. As one of the traditional Chinese festivals， it has been enjoying great popularity in our country. Usually， no matter how far away or how busy we are， we still try to go home for the celebration. The moon that night looks the brightest in the whole lunar month. What we love most is the time we enjoy the full moon together. With the beautiful moon up in the sky， we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruit， sharing our stories. In addition to these traditional activities， we have a wider range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.

Exercise 30

I am an 18-year old middle school student. I have been busy with my study and seldom helped my parents with the housework. Feeling quite sorry for that， I begin to think about what to do to help.

Last Sunday， when my parents went out shopping， I suddenly got an idea： why not give the rooms a thorough cleaning？ Firstly I collected all the books， newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place. Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture. After that， I swept and mopped the floors.

At this very moment， my parents came back and were quite surprised to see all the rooms tidy and floors shining. My mother gave me a hug and I could see satisfaction in her eyes. Tired as I was， I never felt so happy.

Exercise 31

It’s useful and necessary to discuss learning habits. In reality， different students have different learning habits， which I think influence their learning efficiency greatly. Good habits always lead to high efficiency， while bad ones bring the opposite.

Some students are good at concentrating on what the teachers teach in class. They think only in this way can they understand and memorize the teaching materials better. If we find those materials interesting， we’ll focus our attention on them for long. However， those dull lessons require our determination， self-controlling ability and confidence.

My classmates always call me “Mr. forgetful”， because I cannot memorize those I have learnt. I know that it is because I don’t spend some time in memorizing them after class. My teachers advise me to repeat the materials several times and read them aloud， which they think will help improve my memory.

Exercise 32

Good afternoon， my dear friends.

My name is Li Jin. Today I am very glad to have the chance to run for the vice president of the English Club. Concerning the position of vice president of the English Club， I feel qualified to take the job. First， I have gained a lot of experience and received wide praise from my classmates for my job as monitor. Second， I am a warm-hearted boy and always ready to help others. Third， I am good at organizing activities and have held a number of English corners and discussions.

Looking into the future， I will try my best to assist the president and serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be the vice president. My plan is as follows： on the one hand， I will organize some campus activities， like “English Evening”， a platform where students can show their English. In this process， we can still learn from each other. And I will invite some famous professors to give lectures for our students so that we can acquire a lot of knowledge. On the other hand， I will organize more activities to enhance the interschool communication. We can compete with students from other universities in debate contests or speech contests. Moreover， I will open more channels for you to voice your opinions and need.

I sincerely hope you will give me a chance， and please believe me that I will be a good vice president.

Thank you.

Exercise 33

Dear Mr. Wang，

Knowing that our library is going to buy books， I’d like to give some suggestions.

What we need most are popular science books. Usually popular science books explain basic principles of nature in a simple and interesting way. They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.

In addition to reading for knowledge， we read for fun and inspiration. That is why I recommend another category of books：literary books. Classic works， written by masters， present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language. They not only offer us joy and excitement， but also encourage us to think critically.

I’ll be glad if you can consider my recommendation.

Yours sincerely，

Li Yue

Exercise 34

September 2， 2015

Dear Sir or Madam，

Stanford University is recognized as one of the world’s leading universities， which has a history of more than a century. Today in Stanford students have opportunities to participate in a remarkable range of activities： from academic courses taught by well-known professors and opportunities for research， independent study and public service to an extraordinary breadth of extracurricular activities. It is especially famous for its computer science. That’s why I choose to go to Stanford University.

I am 18 years old this year and will graduate from the middle school soon. I study Chinese， Maths， English， Physics， Chemistry， Biology， computer science and some other subjects. I do very well in most subjects， especially in computer science.

My hobbies are playing computer games and swimming. I am very much interested in English and computer science. So my dream is to go to Stanford to major in computer science.

When I finish my university degree in Stanford University， I will stay there for further study to get a master’s degree in science. Then I will stay in the US or come back to China to find a job and serve the society.

I hope to be admitted into Stanford and look forward to your earliest reply.

Sincerely yours，

Liu Yang

Exercise 35

[范文1]

Laidies and gentlemen，

It is a common phenomenon that Senior Grade Three students still go to school on Saturday and Sunday morning. However， there are two different opinions about this.

Recently I did a survey among some parents and students in our school. Most of the students （61%） oppose weekend classes， because they think they can learn better on their own. Only 39 percent of the students support this practice， for they think it better to study under the teacher’s guidance. However， about 82% of the parents support this idea， as they trust teachers. Only 18 percent of parents are against this because they think that their children have grown up and should learn to live independently.

In my opinion， Senior Grade Three students need to go to school on Saturday except Sunday. If they stay at home too long at weekends， some students can not learn well. On Sunday， I suggest that parents should let them have a good rest besides studying.

That’s all. Thank you.

[范文2]

Laidies and gentlemen，

It is a great honour to be asked to speak here. As you know， we are in the last year of middle school. We are busy preparing ourselves for the National College Examinations. It is a common phenomenon that Senior Grade Three students still go to school at weekends， that is， on Saturday and Sunday morning. However， there are two different opinions about this.

Recently I did a survey among some parents and students in our school. The results are really interesting. Most of the students （61%） oppose weekend classes， because they think they can get better results while studying independently. There are only 39 percent of the students who support this practice， for they think it better to study under the teacher’s guidance. However， the majority of the parents （about 82%） are in favour of this idea， as they trust teachers who can give their children most help. Only a small part of the parents， about 18 percent， are against this because they hold the view that their children have grown up and they should learn to live and study on their own.

In my opinion， it is necessary for Senior Grade Three students to go to school on Saturday except Sunday. If they stay at home for two days at weekends， I am afraid some students are not able to control themselves and they will waste some valuable time. On Sunday， I suggest that parents should not wake them up early and let them have a longer sleep， for they do not need to go to school.

That’s all and thank you.

Exercise 36

Should Sciences and Arts Education Be Separated？

In the past few years， the Ministry of Education raised 20 important issues in various areas of China’s education system to collect public opinions and suggestions. Among them， the issue of whether the separation of sciences and arts subjects should be canceled has become a hot topic for the public. There are two different views about this.

Over 40% of the people surveyed insist that sciences and arts education should be separated. It can reduce the heavy burden of the students. With the development of modern society， experts are in great demands. If so， they can concentrate more energy on their studies.

However， about 50% of them hold the opposite view. They think it unwise to get arts and sciences separated in high school. A real expert needs a wide range of knowledge， as we are living in the Information Age. In order to keep pace with the changes of modern society， people with multi-talents will become more and more popular.

As far as I am concerned， I’m for the separation between sciences and arts education， but it is better to delay this separation， because students should learn both sciences and arts subjects in senior high school. Otherwise it will do no good to the students’ overall development in the long run.

Exercise 37

With the rapid development of economy， more and more Beijing residents have cars of their own. It was reported that by the end of 2014， in Beijing there had been 5，500，000 vehicles， of which private cars added up to 3，850，000 （70 percent）. The increase in the number of cars has brought about a lot of problems， such as air pollution， noise， and gas shortage as well as traffic jams and road accidents.

How to deal with this series of problems has become a hot topic. Some experts suggest people should not be encouraged to buy cars and cars should not be allowed to drive into busy downtown.

But in my opinion， on one hand， people should be aware of the serious problems caused by the cars and use their private cars properly， on the other hand， the government must develop convenient public transport system so that people do not need to drive their private cars.

Exercise 38

Dear King，

It is nice to hear from you. We are glad that you are interested in our five-day International English Summer Camp to be held in Beijing this summer vacation， from July 22 to July 26， 2016. Some English teachers from China， the USA， England and Australia will join us. In the camp， the students from all parts of the world will have an English speech contest， and visit some places of interest in Beijing， such as the Great Wall， the Palace Museum， the Summer Palace and the Bird’s Nest. Besides， we will exchange our English learning experience and talk about our colorful school life in English. At the end of the camp we will have a get-together and enjoy some wonderful performances given by the students. I think this summer camp will greatly benefit all of us. I do hope you will come and join us.

With best wishes！

Yours truly，

Li Hua

Exercise 39

Ladies and gentlemen，

First of all， on behalf of our school， I’d like to express our warmest welcome to our American friends. We hope they will have a good time here in our school.

Now I am going to say something about our courses. We have two kinds of courses： compulsory courses and optional courses. Compulsory courses include Chinese， Maths， English， Physics， Chemistry， Biology， History and Geography. This term our school has offered more than 10 optional courses， most of which are related to the compulsory courses. Students are free to choose any of them. These optional courses are given from 3：30 to 5：00 every Wednesday afternoon.

Students feel great interest in the optional courses. Their favorites are Computer， Spoken English， Arts and so on. They say they have learned a lot that is not taught in textbooks and that they have obtained a great deal of practice. They hope to learn English well so that they can go to the United States as exchange students in the future.

That’s all. Thank you！

Exercise 40

As we all know， we are what we eat. Therefore， it’s very important for us to form healthy eating habits. However， bad eating habits are still very common among us students. Some of us often go to school without breakfast； some like to have snacks； some others are particular about food； and still some eat or drink too much. All these bad habits will surely do harm to our health.

To keep fit， we should have various healthy diets， which generally include proper amounts of fish， meat， vegetables， fruit as well as main food. Besides， we’d better have meals regularly.

In my opinion， we should try to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body. Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.

2. 圖表類寫作題選編。

Exercise 1

A survey was recently held on the Internet about whom we teenagers will turn to when we meet troubles in our life or study.

Different people have different opinions .From the chart we can see about 60% of us teenagers prefer to ask our classmates of the same age for help because we can understand each other well. Besides， 30% of us would like to share troubles with our teachers or parents as they have rich experience and can be depended on. Surprisingly， still 10% feeling it difficult to get along well with others， simply trust nobody but themselves when in trouble. Therefore most of us teenagers can solve the problem in time with others’ help while a few should be open-minded enough to turn to others.

Personally， I will rely on teachers or parents according to different situations. When I have some trouble with my study，I will turn to my teachers， but if I am confused about my personal growth， I would like to choose my parents to talk to.

Exercise 2

Should students make friends on line？Some people say yes .The internet helps make many friends. Chatting on line，students can more freely express their feelings and opinions，and even get help with their foreign language studies.

Others，however， think students should not. They say making friends on line is a waste of time，which should be spent more meaningfully on study. Besides，some students get cheated on line.

It is my opinion that students should place their study，health and safety before other things .As for friendship，we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us.

Exercise 3

Should Science and Arts Education Be Separated？

The issue of separating science and arts education is getting heated up as debate spreads throughout the country， which attracts tens of thousands of votes. About 50% of the people interviewed think it unwise to get arts and science separated in high school. In their opinion， a real expert needs a wide range of knowledge， With the development of modern society， multi-skilled people are in great demand. However， over 40% of them insist that they should be separated so that students can concentrate on some subjects and become experts. Besides， they will not be overburdened as before.

As far as I’m concerned， a comprehensive （綜合的，廣泛的） education is better than a separated one. A strong ability in both science and arts is helpful for the long-term development of individuals and the society as a whole. Worldwide， only in China science and arts are separated， which has had a bad effect on students’ sound development. It’s high time we changed this model. I don’t think comprehensive education will put a heavy burden on the students.

Exercise 4

Recently some Chinese educational experts did a survey among more than 1000 students from Beijing and Guangzhou on their favorite festivals. The result shows that about half of the respondents choose the Spring Festival as their most favorite. Next comes Christmas Day and Mothers’ or Fathers’ Day， with 20% and 10% respectively. However， Mid-Autumn Day accounts for less than 10%. From the survey， we can see although over 80% of the students are familiar with our traditional festivals， like the Spring Festival， more and more young people favor some foreign festivals.

Exercise 5

67.9% of the people surveyed believe that museums should be free to the public as they are important places for both education and entertainment. They say that free museum entrance will attract more visitors， which will no doubt contribute to promoting knowledge and culture. The more museums open their doors to the public for free， the more people they will benefit.

14.9% hold the opinion that museums should only be free for certain special groups， such as students， soldiers and the disabled. Besides， the times that entrance is provided free for the groups should be strictly regulated.

However， 17.2% believe that， to keep the museums functioning well， museums should charge visitors an entrance fee. In addition， to attract more visitors， museums， should try to figure out visitors’ expectations and offer better service instead of free entrance.

Exercise 6

Reading Interests of Senior Middle School Students

Recently， a survey has been done to find out the reading interests of senior middle school students. In this survey， one thousand senior middle school students from ten schools in Hubei Province were interviewed. They were asked which they liked reading most among the four categories of English articles， news， stories， popular science articles and articles about learning methods.

The survey shows that more than half of the students like to read news most. Twenty six percent of the students say that English stories are their favorite. Only seven percent of the students are most interested in reading articles about learning methods. However， the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those who prefer reading articles about learning methods.

Exercise 7

A recent survey shows what the students of our school like to do in their spare time.

In my opinion， our school has made a good decision. This new grading system will certainly help to improve ourselves in all ways.

From the pie chat， we can see 53% of the students like sports， so doing sports is the most popular activity in our school. The second popular activity for students is surfing the Internet and 36 % of the students have interest in it. Only a few students， about 8 percent of them， take reading as a hobby. And even fewer are fond of playing musical instruments.

In my point of view， our school should have more sports facilities built to satisfy the need of the students. Guidance should be given to students on surfing the Internet and ways must be found to arouse students’ interests in reading and music.

Exercise 8

Recently the Student Union conducted a survey on whether recycling dustbins should be set in classrooms.

As can be seen from the pie chart， different students hold different opinions on this program. Only a few students care little about it. Surprisingly， about one third of students are totally against the program. They don’t bother to change their old habits. However， over half the students are completely for the program， as it is not only beneficial to recycling of resources， but also it can help students develop their good habits of garbage classification. Besides， 12% of the students partly agree. They hold the opinion that educating people on how to classify the garbage goes first.

Personally， I’m in favor of this program. I believe it’s important to raise people’s awareness of garbage classification， from which we will get considerable benefits for the future.

Exercise 9

How to build an economized society

Our government is aiming to build an economized society. It is everybody’s duty to work hard to achieve this goal including us students.

Recently， the statistics in the report of one certain school in two school terms suggest that the expenses of electricity， water and paper are surprisingly large and growing rapidly， which draws our attention.

As a common member of society， we must keep the following points in our minds. Firstly， make sure that the lights and all the other electric facilities are turned off when we finish our work and leave the room. Secondly， try to form the habit of turning off the tap after it is used and the waste water can be reused for more purposes before letting it flowing away. Thirdly， save paper as much as possible in our everyday life. It is even better to reuse it.

In a word， if we pay much attention to our everyday behavior and take actions to reduce waste， we can make contributions to an economized society.

Exercise 10

Recently a survey has been done to find out the causes of obesity among high school students. In this survey， one thousand high school students from ten schools in Hebei Province were asked to complete a questionnaire. They were asked what they think leads to their being overweight.

The survey shows that thirty percent of the students believe that they are too fat because they are lacking in physical exercise， and an equal number of students say the reason is probably that they are supplied with too much fatty and rich diet， which makes them what they are now. Twenty-five percent of the students interviewed claimed that it is the family genes that are to be blamed. However， the students who don’t realize the danger of obesity only make up fifteen percent.

Exercise 11

Dear Editor：

I am a Senior Three student， Recently we have carried out a survey ——“To whom do you go when in trouble？” The main findings are as follows.

61% of the students surveyed select friends or schoolmates as their ideal listeners when they have trouble and want to confide， the reason of which is that they are in the same age group and have a better understanding of each other. Another 22% choose teachers and parents to talk to，They suggest that teachers and parents are rich in life and educational experiences. Nevertheless， there are also 17% who don’t share their troubles at all. They say that their troubles are none of other’s business. Others find it hard to converse with others.

（It is not easy to reach definite conclusions based on such a small example. However， some general comments can be made.） It seems clear from the response that some students lack communication with others and teachers and parents need to play a more important role in their lives.

Yours sincerely，

Zhang Ming

Exercise 12

Recently， a survey on school buses has been conducted on a website. As can be seen from the pie chart， only 23.53% of the interviewees trust school buses， while 60.52% of them show their distrust. And still， 15.95% of them are not clear about it.

Of those who show their disbelief， 35.2% are afraid of abandoned vehicles being used and 24.3% worry that school buses will be overloaded， which may be the main cause of serious traffic accidents. About 21.30% of them worry that the school buses are not equipped with safety equipment like safety belts. Another 18.7% blame drivers for breaking the speed limit.

I think effective measures should be taken to ensure the safety of students. More money should be invested to improve the quality of school buses. Meanwhile， all the school buses should be examined regularly.

Exercise 13

People surveyed have various opinions about his success and his future. Some of them consider diligence as an important factor of his success. Some of them think Lin possesses a remarkable talent for baskets. It is also believed that the education he has received contributes to his success. Others think of luck as one of the factors leading to his success.

As for Lin’s possible achievements in the future， 70% of them believe that he will make more achievements in NBA than Yao Ming， while 20% hold the opposite opinion. The rest have no idea.

Whether he can accomplish more than Yao Ming or not， Jeremy has many good qualities that we can learn form. We are supposed to aim high and make every effort. In addition， we should try our best to overcome whatever difficulties we meet， instead of losing heart. Only by doing so， can we realize our dreams in the future.

Exercise 14

Attention please， everyone，

This is an announcement from the Students’ Union. Next Sunday all students will be given a chance to visit the Palace Museum，which used to be China’s royal palace. It was established during the Ming Dynasty and then passed on to the Qing Dynasty， and it’s the largest one in the world. The whole visit will last 8 hours till 4 o’clock in the afternoon，so you must take a packed lunch with you. At 8 o’clock Sunday morning， you are required to get on the buses at the school gate， so that you’ll have enough time to get there before nine. And your tickets will be given out on the buses. While visiting， be sure not to make any loud noises or throw things about，or do anything against the rules. And at 4 o’clock the school buses will be waiting for you at the north entrance. Don’t be late.

Wish you a pleasant visit. Thank you.

Exercise 15

SAVE EARTH， SAVE US

With the development of modern society， pollution caused by human activities is becoming a more and more serious problem.

Smoke from factories and gases from vehicles are the main reasons for air pollution. Rivers are polluted when people throw waste into them， or when factories pour waste water into them. Modern lifestyle and modern ways of production also cause noise pollution. As a result， many species are dying out. More and more people are suffering from health problems.

Enough attention should be paid to this problem and measures should be taken. Firstly， we should make laws to prevent factories from pouring waste water into rivers and sending smoke into the air without being dealt with. Secondly， we should raise people’s awareness of the serious problem and call on more people to protect the environment. Only by working together can we help the environment！

Exercise 16

Great changes have taken place in Hongxing Cotton Mill in the past ten years. It had only 400 workers in 1997， but there are as many as 3，000 now. Now the mill has 75 workshops， but there were only 20 ten years ago. Now the total amount of money the mill makes in a year has reached as much as 28，000，000 Yuan， which is 7 times the amount of 1997. In 1997， there were only 9 kinds of products， but today the mill can produce more than 20 kinds. What’s more， the mill has got rid of the old equipment and introduced much advanced， scientific equipment. Foreign investments are welcome.

Exercise 17

Last weekend， a survey about “The feeling of happiness” was carried out （conducted） among 2600 students in our school. It shows that 50% of the students gain happiness from the love of their parents or relatives and from the warmth of families. About 30% of them experience （taste） happiness by assisting others， donating and taking part in a voluntary selling while other 10% of the students feel delighted from friendship. In addition， the rest of the students describe their happiness from different angles different from the above. From the figures， we can draw a conclusion that students have passion for life， but they lack life experience and broad horizons.

Exercise 18

With the development of industry， air pollution is getting more and more serious. In this city， many people suffer from different kinds of illness because of air pollution.

Air pollution is caused by the following reasons. About half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars and buses on the roads， which give off poisonous gases. 35% of air pollution is caused by factories. Another factor is the smokers. Smoking does harm to others’ health as well as to that of the smokers. Besides these， about 10% of air pollution is caused by other reasons.

We should take some measures to fight against pollution New fuel can be used to replace gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realize the importance of environment and does something to stop pollution， the problem will be solved.

Exercise 19

Recently our school has had a survey on reading. It shows that 45 percent of the students spend their time reading textbooks after school. 30 percent of the students choose to read cartoons in their leisure time. However， only 10 percent enjoy reading literature.

Why are so many students unwilling to spend some time in reading serious works？ According to the survey， 48 percent of the students say they have no enough time because they have too much homework to do. Some complain that literature works are so thick that they have hardly enough patience to finish them. Others who only concentrate on how to get high scores simply admit that reading literature won’t help them at all with their exams.

In fact， as far as I’m concerned， books play an important role in our life. Literature works help us learn the customs and cultures in the past and at present， at home and aboard. It provides us with good examples of writing.

Exercise 20

Dear Johnson，

I’m so glad to learn that you and your family are coming to settle down in China. After a careful study of the information about the two cities， I suggest you choose to live in City A. First of all， City A is a more popular city to live in. The environment in City A is better than that in City B and the climate there is very pleasant. Besides， there are many places for entertainment where you can enjoy yourselves in your spare time. As for the employment， though the job opportunities are not so good as in City B， yet I don’t think it’s a problem for you as a teacher of English.

This is only my suggestion and it’s up to you to decide. Hope to hear from you again.

Yours，

Li Hua

Exercise 21

Conflicts with others are common in everyday life. During the basketball game yesterday afternoon， Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other， trying to catch the ball. Then they started shouting and yelling， and it turned into a horrible quarrel.

To be honest， it was Su’s fault but Li was also to blame—they were not calm enough and both said some really mean things. They cared too much about winning and losing. As a matter of fact， blocking， pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game.

To avoid such conflicts， we should be kind to one another， which is essential to enjoying a harmonious life. It is also a virtue to forgive and forget， especially in such a competitive and stressful life. It is also a virtue to forgive and forget， especially in such a competitive and stressful society. Instead of blaming each other， we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place.

Don’t be self-centered and try to be considerate. We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.

3. 圖畫類寫作題選編。

Exercise 1

Dear Sir/ Madam，

I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation. I’ve seen your ad， and I’d like to know something more about your six-week English course. First when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week？ Besides， I wish there would not be too many students in a class. I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included Would there be host family or university dormitory？

I am looking forward to your early reply.

Yours faithfully，

Li Hua

Exercise 2

Last Monday， we were having our Chinese class when the teacher suddenly slipped and fell. We were all worried about her. One of the boys carried her on the back， with the help of some others， to the clinic immediately. It turned out that her right leg was broken and she had to stay in the hospital. The following day， we went to visit her with flower and fruit. Seeing her lying in bed with her leg wrapped in bandages， we felt sorry for her and hoped that she would recover soon. This Thursday she returned to the class on a wheelchair to give us lessons. We were all deeply moved and proud of having such a responsible teacher.

Exercise 3

As can be seen in the cartoon， the young couple educate their child in different ways. Father educates their child with a ruler but Mother with a bar of chocolate. What is illustrated in the picture is that Father is too hard on their child while Mother spoils him. They adopt strikingly inconsistent methods， which makes their child confused.

I subscribe to neither of their education methods. If we always give children severe punishment， they will become nervous and lack self-confidence or become violent and aggressive， following in the father’s footsteps. If we always love children too much， they will turn out to be self-centered and dependent， tending to do whatever they want to.

So far as I am concerned， it is better to use appropriate methods based on children’s individual personalities. Since praise and criticism both play vital roles in children’s education， it is essential that parents should try to maintain the balance between love and strictness. Only in this way can children benefit from proper family education and achieve all-round development.

Exercise 4

A drop of water is only a drop of water， but when a great many drops of water join together a river will come into being. And when rivers come together they will form a sea.

As is in the same way， a tree is only a tree， many trees， however， will become a wood. And when several woods lie one by one， they will be called a forest. As is known to everyone， a forest is a home for all kinds of animals and plants.

From the above， we can understand that one person can not do many things. But when many people come together， they can form a society. In a society， people are related to one another， and help one another. In this way， we can make a harmonious society in which we can live a happy life.

Exercise 5

The burden of students has been a hot topic for years， but the load of parents has received little attention， especially from their own children.

The picture shows us a touching moment when a little girl comes to greet her working mom. Realizing her mom must be very tired after a day’s work， the girl helps to remove the bag from her shoulder. In response， the mom kneels down to show how happy and thankful she feels.

All this reminds me of my mother who has been doing whatever she could to let me have the best. But， totally engaged in my own study， I seldom pay my attention to what mother needs and feels， and always think studying well is the only thing I could do in return. Now I know I can do my bit to help with the everyday washing， bedroom cleaning， or at least prepare breakfast myself， so as to share mother’s daily burden. The picture convinces me it is even more important to be a good daughter than a “good” student.

Exercise 6

Saturday June 2

This morning， when I was walking on the street， I saw that two travelers were reading a map， looking puzzled. It seemed they were lost. I went up to them and asked how I could help. They told me they were looking for the Temple of Heaven. I led them to the nearby bus stop and advised them to take Bus No. 20， the bus came. We waved good-bye to each other. Seeing them on the bus， I felt a kind of satisfaction.

Exercise 7

Mind Your Behavior in Public palaces

Last Sunday， I went sightseeing with my friends in the Fairy Lake Park. The park was full of freshness and beauty of spring， with the sun shining and birds singing. When I was enjoying the fantastic scenery around， something unpleasant caught my eye. A young couple in a boat were eating， talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world. What's worse， they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake， totally ignoring the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby. What a shame.

Such behavior left me deep in thought. If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did， the lake will be severely polluted and soon turned into a huge dustbin. I think all of us should mind our behavior in public places. Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.

Exercise 8

Last Monday， my father said goodbye to my mother and me and went on a business trip. He would be away for three days. Just the next morning， I found my mother wasn’t feeling well. She had a cold. I immediately went to get her some medicine and then prepared some noodles for her. With my special care， my mother recovered quickly. When my father came back home， my mother told him what had happened. He praised me for what I had done.

I think the picture is telling us that there is usually a difference between one’s dream and reality. People need to learn to face it. Everyone has his dream. However， it is not so easy for people to realize their dreams every time. Just like the man in the picture， instead of the big fish he wishes for， he actually catches a small one. In my opinion， people need to learn to accept the reality and keep on trying. With another try， they may gain what they dream of.

Exercise 9

From the picture we can see a family of three walking on a long red carpet. The son， well dressed， waves proudly in the middle while the father behind bends forward to hold the jacket and the mother in front rolls out the carpet， sweating.

It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families， shouldering the hope of their parents. Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success. As a consequence， children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas.

Such a situation is of great concern. In my opinion， overprotection and too much care are extremely bad for children's development. Instead of doing everything for them， parents should encourage their children to overcome difficulties and inspire them to develop by themselves. Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.

Exercise 10

Actions Speak Louder than Words

People celebrate Earth Day differently. In Picture 1， a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps， but in vain， while Picture 2 shows a couple happily planting trees.

The message conveyed here is clear：“Actions speak louder than words.” Our earth is suffering severe damage. Should we just pay lip service or take practical measures to protect it？ The answer is definitely the latter. Immediate actions should be taken， like stopping cutting down trees to better the environment.

Actions are important in other fields， too. Instead of shouting empty slogans， it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need. We should strictly and voluntarily follow traffic rules， stopping at the red light rather than complaining about traffic jams. Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.

Exercise 11

I think the picture implies a very important rule of doing things — we always need a balance between speed and quality.

As we can see in the picture， two men are competing against each other in building walls. One man has built up an obviously higher but twisted wall， while the other’s work is completely vertical， strong and solid though lower.

It isn’t difficult to see examples of how often higher speed is set up as a target. “The faster， the better” has become a motto for us due to the fiercely competitive environment of our society. However our work has no value at all if we ignore the quality of it just like the man building the twisted wall. As students， we are required to do things at high speed. It’s definitely helpful to keep in mind that no matter how fast we need to achieve something， quality may never be ignored.

Exercise 12

As is vividly portrayed in the picture， some volunteers are bending down and picking up rubbish， with plastic bags in their hands and sweat on the their foreheads. Nearby are some boys playing football， totally ignoring what other students are doing.

While focusing in their studies， some students do not pay enough attention to their conduct at school， and littering is most common. That’s not appropriate behavior for us high school students， and it not only dirties the environment but also does great harm to the image of the school.

As a matter of fact， a clean environment can never be emphasized too much. It beautifies out school， making it a good place to study in. We should develop good habit of protecting environment. Whenever we see litter on the ground， we should pick it up and throw it into dustbins. Let’s keep in mind that better environment means better life.

Exercise 13

The pictures above remind us of what Wu Bin， the hero bus driver， did several days ago. He together with his passengers was driving along the expressway when something unknown flew in the opposite direction， crashing the front glass. It was obvious that he was hurt seriously. Painful as he felt， he managed to stop the bus safely， opened the door skillfully， and let all the passengers off the bus in order. After that， he sat in the seat， unconscious. It was what he had done that saved all the lives of the passengers. At the news of his death， nearly all the people in the city were in deep sorrow and went to the street to see the hero off.

What a brave bus driver！

Exercise 14

We can see in the picture that one person is asking the other to do some voluntary labor， but the other feels it very funny， saying， “Aren’t you kidding me？ Times have changed and doing voluntary labor is already out of date.”

It is true that with the development of economy， many people have become rich. However， with their wallets full， some people have changed their outlook on value， laying too much emphasis on nothing but money and personal interests. At one time， serving the people heart and soul was glorious， but now it is being constantly laughed.

In my opinion， spiritual civilization is as important as material civilization. Nowadays， the government advocates setting up a harmonious society. If everyone does a little bit for others and the society， our world will be a much better one.

Exercise 15

Last Friday was my grandfather’s birthday. To celebrate his birthday， we made many preparations. Early in the morning， my parents and I set off for the department store to find a gift for Grandpa. We chose very carefully， eventually a warm sweater caught our eye and was purchased.

To show my love for my grandpa， I made a birthday cake with the help of my mother. In the evening， we got together to celebrate his birthday. With candles lit， we sang happy birthday out loud and clapped. After making a wish， he blew out the candles. The room was alive with the sound of cheering.

Then we took a picture of the whole family to record the happy moment. When I saw tears of happiness in Grandpa’s eyes， I was filled with a feeling of accomplishment and happiness.

Exercise 16

Nowadays e can see some students smoke on canpus. It’s harmful and should be banned. And the Students’ Union appals to the whole society to say far away from cigarettes.

As we know， smoking is not only harmful to our own health but also to others’ health. For example， smoking does terrible damage to the lungs and hearts of smokers. Next， it’s said that it’s difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. Besides， smoking does more harm to second-hand smokers than it does to themselves. What’s more， smoking may pollute the air and even cause fires. Finally it is a great waste of money.

Actually， people become addicted to smoking physically and mentally or just through habit. Therefore， for the sake of our own health and others’ health， please stay far away from cigarettes.

Smokers， please quit smoking right now！ Non-smokers， please around you to give up smoking！ If you haven’t started smoking luckily， never try！ Only in this way can we enjoy a smoke-free environment！

Exercise 17

Dear classmates，

I am glad to share with you my ideas about how to be a good student.

From my point of view， a good student should be mentally and physically healthy.

First of all， I should be kind， not only to my family， but also to all the people I meet. To be kind alone is not enough. As a student， I ought to focus on my learning—my first important task. I will do my best to be an independent and cooperative learner.

In the meantime， to live happily every day is equally important. Enjoying life to the fullest will benefit me greatly. Being happy will do a lot of good to me and those around me. Besides， it’s quite necessary for me to take an active part in various outdoor activities to build up my body.

Let’s spare no effort to perfect ourselves and get ready for our future life.

That’s all. Thank you！

Exercise 18

We had some American exchange students in our school last week. As a host brother， I’d like to share some happy experiences with you.

Upon their arrival we gave the American students a warm welcome， among whom a boy named Tim was to stay with my family for the weekend. When school was over， we took the sub way home， where my parents had already prepared a rich family dinner for Tim. The next day， I acted as a guide， showing Tim around the most famous scenic spots in Beijing， such as the Great Wall and the Bird’s Nest. Wherever he went， he had some photos taken to help memorize this unforgettable trip to China. When finally the time came for us to say goodbye， I gave him a Kite as a souvenir.

I think this activity has benefited me a lot. It was a perfect chance for me both to proactive my oral English and to learn more about America.

Exercise 19

My fellow students，

It is reported that most areas in China are suffering the haze weather recently， which has aroused considerable concern in society.

As we all know， the problem results from severe air pollution， caused by heavy traffic jams as well as overdevelopment of industry. It has a bad effect on people’s life and health. As a result， we’d better reduce outdoor sports activities and wear masks in the open air.

At the same time， we should launch a campaign to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection and influence people around us to go to work or school on foot or by bike.

In a word， every small step we take really counts. Let’s act together and make a difference now！

Li Hua

Exercise 20

From the picture， we can see a family moving into a new house because the boy will be studying in the school soon.

In China it is common for parents to accompany their children because they want to take good care of them. So when a kid goes to a new school， his parents will rent a house near the school.

I don’t think it is wise for parents to always accompany their children. Children can live in the dormitory with their classmates， where they can learn to take care of themselves and get along with others. If parents do everything for them， they have no chance to learn to be independent.

八、標準測試

Test 1

Dear Johnson，

How we miss you since you left！ I have just been back from the United States. I joined in 2014 US Summer Camp for Chinese Students East and West Coast Program， which lasted two weeks from August 6 to August 20. During my visit， I enjoyed both homestay and college campus stay.

The programme included lots of activities， such as lectures about English language and American culture courses， and workshops on professional and practical topics. We also visited some world famous universities， participating in student exchange activities and meeting with American peers.

This experience of mine has broadened my vision and developed my communication and leadership skills. I had a very interesting summer holiday this year！

I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours faithfully，

Li Hua

Test 2

Dear Tom，

How time flies！ It has been nearly a year since we parted. I missed you very much. You asked me in your last e-mail about the coming summer camp. Now I’ll tell you something about it. The summer camp is going to be held in Seaside Holiday Village from July 21st to August 5th. During the summer camp， we are going to visit some local places of interest. And we also plan to invite some famous professors to give talks on language study and have parties as well. Besides， we will exchange our English learning experience and talk about our colorful school life. I think this summer camp will make you relaxed and it is a good chance for you to make some new friends here in China. I am looking forward to seeing you soon.

Best wishes.

Yours，

Li Hua

（作者單位：方俊青 首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學；江節(jié)明 中國人民大學附屬中學）

責任編校 蔣小青