宋運(yùn)紅,郝立波,楊鳳超,趙東芳
1.中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局沈陽(yáng)地質(zhì)調(diào)查中心(沈陽(yáng)地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)研究所),遼寧沈陽(yáng)110034;
2.吉林大學(xué)地球探測(cè)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院,吉林長(zhǎng)春130061
遼東三疊紀(jì)弟兄山巖體SHRIMP U-Pb年齡、地球化學(xué)特征及其地質(zhì)意義
宋運(yùn)紅1,郝立波2,楊鳳超1,趙東芳1
1.中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局沈陽(yáng)地質(zhì)調(diào)查中心(沈陽(yáng)地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)研究所),遼寧沈陽(yáng)110034;
2.吉林大學(xué)地球探測(cè)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院,吉林長(zhǎng)春130061
SHRIMP鋯石U-Pb年齡測(cè)定表明,遼東半島弟兄山巖體的侵位時(shí)代為三疊紀(jì)(205.2±2.1 Ma),是華北東部三疊紀(jì)花崗巖的一部分.全巖巖石化學(xué)分析結(jié)果顯示,弟兄山花崗巖具有高SiO2、Al2O3、K2O,低TiO2、Na2O、MnO和CaO的特征,K2O+Na2O變化范圍為7.88%~9.28%,K2O/Na2O≥1.16~1.46;CaO/Na2O=0.08~0.23,鋁指數(shù)A/CNK=0.95~1.10,并且在礦物組合中出現(xiàn)白云母,屬準(zhǔn)鋁-過(guò)鋁質(zhì)花崗巖.在SiO2-Zr圖解中,所有樣品點(diǎn)均落在S型花崗巖區(qū)域中.以上特征均顯示該花崗巖為準(zhǔn)鋁-過(guò)鋁質(zhì)S型花崗巖.稀土曲線和稀土參數(shù)表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的輕、重稀土分異特征和明顯的Eu負(fù)異常特征,反映源區(qū)巖漿形成后發(fā)生過(guò)斜長(zhǎng)石或其他富Ca礦物的分離結(jié)晶作用,是典型準(zhǔn)鋁-過(guò)鋁質(zhì)花崗巖的稀土元素特征.在原始地幔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的微量元素蛛網(wǎng)圖上,所有花崗巖均富集Rb、Th,明顯虧損Nb、Ta、Sr和Ti.所有樣品的Rb=133×10-6~360×10-6,絕大多數(shù)樣品高于花崗巖的平均值(200×10-6);Sr(25×10-6~135×10-6)和Ba(48×10-6~507×10-6)明顯低于花崗巖的平均值(Sr 300×10-6,Ba 830×10-6),Ba、Sr虧損反映巖漿經(jīng)歷了較為完全的分離結(jié)晶作用;大離子親石元素Rb、Th富集,Nb和Ta虧損顯示陸殼物質(zhì)為巖漿的源巖.上述特征表明巖漿物質(zhì)來(lái)源于陸源碎屑巖石.結(jié)合區(qū)域構(gòu)造演化歷史,認(rèn)為弟兄山巖體是庫(kù)拉-太平洋板塊向歐亞大陸俯沖的產(chǎn)物,是印支晚期華北巖石圈處于弱伸展?fàn)顟B(tài)背景的響應(yīng).
準(zhǔn)鋁-過(guò)鋁質(zhì)S型花崗巖;鋯石SHRIMP U-Pb年齡;弟兄山巖體;遼東半島
花崗巖是構(gòu)成大陸地殼的重要組成部分,是大陸形成和演化的標(biāo)志物之一,可形成于各種不同的地球動(dòng)力學(xué)環(huán)境[1-3].地球上大面積出露的花崗巖主要類(lèi)型為I型和S型.由于花崗巖具有獨(dú)特的巖石地球化學(xué)特征并且蘊(yùn)涵著地球動(dòng)力學(xué)的重要信息,因此對(duì)大陸地殼生長(zhǎng)、巖石圈演化及區(qū)域構(gòu)造發(fā)展等研究具有至關(guān)重要的作用[4-8].
中生代巖漿巖廣泛分布于中國(guó)東部地區(qū),在華北克拉通東部,遼東半島發(fā)育著一期三疊紀(jì)花崗巖,該期花崗巖代表了印支晚期的巖漿活動(dòng),前人對(duì)該區(qū)侏羅世花崗巖的研究報(bào)道較少[9-10].該期花崗巖的系統(tǒng)研究對(duì)重新準(zhǔn)確厘定和劃分花崗巖形成的時(shí)代和類(lèi)型,探討遼寧東部乃至中國(guó)東北地區(qū)的造山作用,以及印支晚期的地球動(dòng)力學(xué)背景具有重要意義.基于此,在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本文將重點(diǎn)解剖遼東半島弟兄山花崗巖巖體,通過(guò)系統(tǒng)的鋯石SHRIMP U-Pb年代學(xué)、巖石地球化學(xué)研究,對(duì)該巖體的形成時(shí)代、成因及地質(zhì)意義加以探討,期望為遼東半島的構(gòu)造演化提供一定的證據(jù).
遼東半島位于華北陸塊東部,是我國(guó)東部中生代巖漿作用較為發(fā)育的地區(qū)之一[11].遼東半島侏羅世侵入巖較為發(fā)育,主要分布于丹東的洼嶺、弟兄山、丁字峪、北堡等地,屬遼東印支旋回近東西向巖漿巖帶重要組成部分之一.
弟兄山巖體分布于丹東市與本溪市交界的弟兄山鎮(zhèn),面積約75 km2,呈巖株?duì)町a(chǎn)出.巖體由二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖、黑云母花崗巖組成,主體相以中細(xì)粒二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖為主,邊緣過(guò)渡為細(xì)粒—中粒黑云母花崗巖,侵位于古元古界遼河群大石橋組和高家峪組變質(zhì)地層中,巖體內(nèi)部侏羅世雙嶺溝單元捕虜體較多,巖石類(lèi)型為角閃石閃長(zhǎng)巖(圖1).
圖1 遼東半島弟兄山巖體地質(zhì)簡(jiǎn)圖Fig.1 Geological sketch map of the Dixiongshan rock mass in the Liaodong Peninsula1—第四系(Quaternary);2—遼河群蓋縣組(Gaixian fm.of Liaohe gr.);3—遼河群大石橋組(Dashiqiao fm.of Liaohe gr.);4—雙嶺溝黑云母閃長(zhǎng)巖(Shuanglinggou biotite diorite);5—弟兄山巖體二長(zhǎng)花崗巖(monzogranite of the Dixiongshan rock mass);6—弟兄山巖體黑云母花崗巖(biotite granite of the Dixiongshan rock mass);7—同位素樣品及編號(hào)(isotope sample and number)
2.1 巖相學(xué)特點(diǎn)
巖石樣品為野外采集的新鮮弟兄山巖體中細(xì)粒二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖和細(xì)粒黑云母花崗巖.
二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖樣品呈肉紅—灰色,中細(xì)?;◢徑Y(jié)構(gòu),塊狀構(gòu)造(圖2a).巖相學(xué)特征如下:中細(xì)?;◢徑Y(jié)構(gòu),主要由板柱狀斜長(zhǎng)石、柱粒狀堿性長(zhǎng)石和粒狀石英及微量白云母和黑云母構(gòu)成.其中長(zhǎng)石自形程度高,尤其斜長(zhǎng)石高于堿性長(zhǎng)石.堿性長(zhǎng)石主要見(jiàn)微斜長(zhǎng)石、正長(zhǎng)石,呈板柱狀及板粒狀,格子雙晶發(fā)育者為微斜長(zhǎng)石,無(wú)雙晶的為正長(zhǎng)石,粒度≤1.5 mm,含量約35%;斜長(zhǎng)石發(fā)育聚片雙晶,NP′∧(010)≈10°,屬更長(zhǎng)石,含量約30%;石英無(wú)色透明,粒狀,干涉色灰白色,明顯波狀消光,粒度≤1.0 mm,含量≥25%.片狀礦物主要為白云母,少量褐色黑云母.白云母,無(wú)色,顯閃突起,干涉色鮮艷,粒度≤0.1 mm×0.5 mm,含量4%;黑云母,褐色,黑云母式吸收性,粒度較白云母稍?。?.1 mm× 0.3 mm),含量約1%(圖2b、c).
細(xì)粒黑云母花崗巖呈深灰色,細(xì)粒結(jié)構(gòu),塊狀構(gòu)造.巖相學(xué)特征如下:細(xì)?;◢徑Y(jié)構(gòu),主要由40%正長(zhǎng)石、35%更長(zhǎng)石、20%石英及5%黑云母構(gòu)成.其中正長(zhǎng)石無(wú)色,柱粒狀,較潔凈,干涉色灰白色,無(wú)雙晶,粒度≤0.5 mm×1.0 mm;斜長(zhǎng)石,無(wú)色,較自形板柱狀,較潔凈,干涉色灰白色,聚片雙晶清晰,NP′∧(010)≈8°,為更長(zhǎng)石,粒度≤0.4 mm×1.2 mm;石英,無(wú)色,粒狀,干涉色灰白色,消光較均勻,粒度≤0.5 mm;黑云母,黃褐色、綠褐色,多色性顯著,典型黑云母式吸收性,粒度≤0.4 mm×0.8 mm.
2.2 鋯石SHRIMP U-Pb定年
SHRIMPU-Pb定年樣品取自弟兄山巖體二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖(T09-1,GPS坐標(biāo):124°00′58″E,40°49′45″N),樣品經(jīng)重液分離和磁選后,挑選代表性的鋯石制作樣品靶.進(jìn)行SHRIMP U-Pb分析前,進(jìn)行了透、背散射電子像(BSE)及陰極發(fā)光(CL)分析,以確定鋯石顆粒的晶體形態(tài)、內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)以及標(biāo)定測(cè)年點(diǎn).遼寧弟兄山巖體鋯石多為淺黃色,個(gè)別為淺紫色,金剛光澤,透明—半透明,少數(shù)具淺色或暗色礦物包體,多數(shù)具裂紋或鐵染斑點(diǎn),晶體多為不規(guī)則粒狀,陰極發(fā)光圖像顯示鋯石具有較典型的巖漿振蕩環(huán)帶結(jié)構(gòu)(生長(zhǎng)環(huán)帶),應(yīng)為巖漿成因,為原巖結(jié)晶鋯石.
鋯石的U,Th和Pb同位素組成分析在中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院地質(zhì)研究所北京離子探針中心的SHRIMPⅡ上進(jìn)行,分析流程和原理參見(jiàn)文獻(xiàn)[12-13]的相關(guān)描述.應(yīng)用澳大利亞地調(diào)局標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鋯石TEMORA(417Ma)進(jìn)行元素之間的分餾校正.Pb/U校正公式采用Pb/U=A(UO/U)2[14].應(yīng)用置于調(diào)試靶上的另一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鋯石SL13(年齡為572 Ma,U含量為238×10-6)標(biāo)定鋯石的U、Th和Pb含量.應(yīng)用澳大利亞國(guó)立大學(xué)PRAWN程序進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理[15].普通鉛根據(jù)實(shí)測(cè)204Pb校正,數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)的誤差為1σ.采用206Pb/238U年齡,其加權(quán)平均值的誤差為2σ,置信度為95%.
2.3 主微量元素測(cè)試
對(duì)新鮮的弟兄山巖體巖石樣品進(jìn)行了主、微量元素測(cè)試工作.測(cè)試工作在國(guó)土資源部東北礦產(chǎn)資源監(jiān)督檢測(cè)中心完成.主量元素測(cè)試由X射線熒光光譜法測(cè)定.測(cè)試儀器為飛利浦PW2404X射線熒光光譜儀,分析精度優(yōu)于5%.微量元素利用酸溶法制備樣品并在HR-ICPMS(Element I)電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜測(cè)試.分析精度為:當(dāng)元素含量大于10×10-6,精度優(yōu)于5%;當(dāng)含量小于10×10-6時(shí),精度優(yōu)于10%.
圖2 遼東半島弟兄山巖體二長(zhǎng)花崗巖Fig.2 The monzogranite sampled from the Dixiongshan rock mass in Liaodong Peninsulaa—巖石標(biāo)本(rock specimen);b—正交偏光(50×)下的顯微鏡照片(microphotograph under orthogonal polarization);c—單偏光(50×)下的顯微鏡照片(microphotograph under polarization)
3.1 鋯石SHRIMP U-Pb年代學(xué)
遼東半島弟兄山巖體二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖的鋯石SHRIMP U-Pb年齡分析結(jié)果列于表1.二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖鋯石呈自形晶,較小,長(zhǎng)50~200 μm,長(zhǎng)短軸比1.3∶1~5∶1.陰極發(fā)光(CL)圖像顯示鋯石均發(fā)育振蕩環(huán)帶.鋯石微量元素測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)顯示,二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖鋯石U=343×10-6~1136×10-6,Th=255×10-6~674×10-6,Th/ U=0.50~0.16.二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖樣品的鋯石Th/U均大于0.1,也表明了鋯石的巖漿成因[16].結(jié)合振蕩環(huán)帶和鋯石的U、Th含量可以判斷測(cè)試的鋯石均為巖漿鋯石.
二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖鋯石U-Pb諧和年齡圖上所有數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)落在U-Pb諧和線附近(圖3),經(jīng)過(guò)普通鉛校正以后,以206Pb/238U計(jì)算(誤差為2σ)得到加權(quán)平均年齡為(205.2±2.1)Ma,代表巖漿結(jié)晶年齡,重新厘定了弟兄山花崗巖的時(shí)代應(yīng)屬于三疊紀(jì),表明其為印支晚期巖漿活動(dòng)產(chǎn)物.而前人用K-Ar法測(cè)得的弟兄山巖體二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖巖同位素年齡為168 Ma(遼寧省地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)調(diào)查院大連分院,2000),時(shí)代為中侏羅世.
3.2 巖石地球化學(xué)
3.2.1 主量元素特征
遼東弟兄山巖體包括二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖和黑云母花崗巖.本文測(cè)定了4件代表性樣品的主、微量元素.主量元素分析表明(表2),弟兄山花崗巖巖石化學(xué)成分含量與中國(guó)花崗巖平均對(duì)比,具富硅、高鉀、貧鋁、低鎂的特點(diǎn).SiO2含量為69.19%~75.76%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)).除S911外,其余樣品TiO2含量變化在0.093%~0.2%之間.所有二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖巖均具有高Al2O3(12.30%~14.28%)和K2O(4.26%~5.10%)含量,低Na2O(3.48%~4.24%),MnO(0.01%~0.06%)和CaO(0.27%~0.87%)含量的特征.FeOt含量變化在1.72%~6.27%之間. A/CNK值0.95~1.10,平均1.04,屬鋁過(guò)飽和型.在A/CNK-A/NK鋁飽和指數(shù)圖解(圖4)上,所有點(diǎn)均投在準(zhǔn)鋁-過(guò)鋁質(zhì)區(qū)域內(nèi).在QAP圖解上樣品全部落入正長(zhǎng)花崗巖區(qū)域(圖5).這些地球化學(xué)特征顯示,二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖為準(zhǔn)鋁-過(guò)鋁質(zhì)堿性系列.
表1 遼東半島弟兄山巖體二長(zhǎng)花崗巖鋯石SHRIMP U-Pb定年數(shù)據(jù)Table 1 SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of the monzonitic granite sampled from the the Dixiongshan rock mass in Liaodong Peninsula
圖3 遼東半島弟兄山巖體二長(zhǎng)花崗巖SHRIMP U-Pb諧和圖及平均年齡Fig.3 SHRIMP zircon U-Pb concordia diagram and average age of the monzogranite sampled from the Dixiongshan rock mass in Liaodong Peninsula
表2 遼東弟兄山巖體主量元素含量Table 2 Major element contents of the Dixiongshan rock mass in Liaodong Peninsula
3.2.2 微量元素特征
微量元素的分析結(jié)果表明(表3),弟兄山二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖微量元素含量接近黎彤的陸殼豐度,具高Rb、Ba、Hf、Li,低Sr、Ni、Co、V、Nb的特點(diǎn),原始地幔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的微量元素蛛網(wǎng)圖(圖6a)顯示富集La、Nd、Y,虧損U、Nb、Ti的特點(diǎn).其中Rb/Nb比(7.27~39.14)明顯高于大陸殼的Rb/Nb比(2.2~4.7),暗示陸殼物質(zhì)對(duì)成巖影響較大,導(dǎo)致Rb的含量增加[20].Nb/Ta比0.87~12.01,均值6.31,明顯低于原始地幔的Nb/Ta比(17.5± 2.0)[21].
表3 遼東弟兄山巖體微量元素含量Table 3 Trace element contents of the Dixiongshan rock mass in Liaodong Peninsula
圖4 遼東半島弟兄山巖體花崗巖的A/CNK-A/NK圖解(據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[17])Fig.4 The A/CNK-A/NK diagram of the granite sampled from the Dixiongshan rock mass in Liaodong Peninsula(After References[17])1—二長(zhǎng)花崗巖(本文)(monzogranite in the paper);2—黑云母花崗巖(本文)(biotite granite in the paper);3—二長(zhǎng)花崗巖(引用)(monzogranite referenced);4—黑云母花崗巖(引用)(biotite granite referenced)
3.2.3 稀土元素特征
稀土元素的分析結(jié)果表明(表4),ΣREE為117.68× 10-6~219.75×10-6,平均169.94×10-6,LREE/HREE為4.52~12.56,平均8.13,δEu為0.05~0.82,平均0.46.稀土元素總量變化不明顯,在REE球粒隕石標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化模式圖上,所有樣品均表現(xiàn)為右傾型,(La/Yb)N為3.24~20.45,一致性較好,但又略有差異.稀土曲線(圖6b)和稀土參數(shù)表明輕稀土分餾較強(qiáng),重稀土分餾弱,屬Eu負(fù)異常的輕稀土富集型.上述特征反映物質(zhì)源于陸源碎屑巖石.
4.1 成巖時(shí)代
遼東半島侏羅世侵入巖較為發(fā)育,主要分布于丹東的洼嶺、弟兄山、丁字峪、北堡等地,屬遼東印支—燕山旋回近東西向巖漿巖帶重要組成部分之一.弟兄山巖體是其中典型的三疊紀(jì)花崗巖.
遼寧丹東弟兄山巖體由二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖、黑云母花崗巖組成,區(qū)域分布表現(xiàn)為以中細(xì)粒二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖為中心,邊緣過(guò)渡為細(xì)?!辛:谠颇富◢弾r.前人用K-Ar法測(cè)得的弟兄山巖體二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖同位素年齡為168 Ma(遼寧省地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)調(diào)查院大連分院,2000),時(shí)代為中侏羅世.本文給出精確的鋯石UPb年代學(xué)結(jié)果:弟兄山巖體二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖加權(quán)年齡為(205.2±2.1)Ma,可見(jiàn)弟兄山巖體應(yīng)形成于三疊紀(jì),應(yīng)為印支晚期巖漿活動(dòng)產(chǎn)物.
4.2 源區(qū)性質(zhì)和巖石成因
圖6 遼東半島弟兄山巖體花崗巖的稀土元素配分曲線(a)和微量元素蛛網(wǎng)圖(b)(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[22])Fig.6 REE distribution patterns(a)and trace element spider diagram(b)for the granite sampled from the Dixiongshan rock mass in Liaodong Peninsula(The standard value is after Reference[22])1—二長(zhǎng)花崗巖(本文)(monzogranite);2—黑云母花崗巖(本文)(biotite granite);3—二長(zhǎng)花崗巖(引用)(monzogranite referenced);4—黑云母花崗巖(引用)(biotite granite referenced)
表4 遼東弟兄山巖體稀土元素含量Table 4 Rare-earth element contents of the Dixiongshan rock mass in Liaodong Peninsula
弟兄山花崗巖具有高SiO2、Al2O3、K2O,低TiO2、Na2O、MnO和CaO的特征,K2O+Na2O變化范圍為7. 88%~9.282%,K2O/Na2O≥1.16~1.46;CaO/Na2O=0.078~ 0.230,鋁指數(shù)A/CNK=0.95~1.10,屬準(zhǔn)鋁-過(guò)鋁質(zhì)花崗巖(圖4),并且在礦物組合中出現(xiàn)白云母(圖2).在A′CF圖解中,所有樣品點(diǎn)基本都在白云母、黑云母、斜長(zhǎng)石組成的三角范圍內(nèi),僅有1個(gè)點(diǎn)在界限附近;在SiO2-Zr圖解中(圖7a),所有樣品點(diǎn)均落在了S型花崗巖區(qū)域中,以上均顯示該花崗巖為S型花崗巖.準(zhǔn)鋁-過(guò)鋁質(zhì)反映在造巖礦物上表現(xiàn)為出現(xiàn)較多高Al的原生礦物,如白云母等;具有陸殼重熔型花崗巖的特點(diǎn)[23];里特曼指數(shù)σ=1.89~3.28(σ<3.3,計(jì)算公式為σ=[(K2O+Na2O)2]/[SiO2-43]),屬于鈣堿性巖;在Si2OK2O圖解中,樣品落在鉀玄巖系列和高鉀鈣堿性系列區(qū)域內(nèi)(圖7b).稀土曲線(圖6b)和稀土參數(shù)表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的輕、重稀土分異特征和明顯的Eu負(fù)異常特征(圖6a).反映源區(qū)巖漿形成后發(fā)生過(guò)斜長(zhǎng)石和其他富Ca礦物的分離結(jié)晶作用,是典型準(zhǔn)鋁-過(guò)鋁質(zhì)花崗巖的稀土元素特征.在原始地幔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的微量元素蛛網(wǎng)圖上,所有花崗巖均富集Rb、Th,明顯虧損Nb、Ta、Sr和Ti(圖6b).所有樣品的Rb=133×10-6~360.3×10-6,絕對(duì)大多數(shù)樣品高于花崗巖的平均值(200×10-6);Sr(25.1× 10-6~135.2×10-6)和Ba(48.3×10-6~507×10-6)明顯低于花崗巖的平均值(Sr 300×10-6,Ba 830×10-6),Ba、Sr虧損反映巖漿經(jīng)歷了較為完全的分離結(jié)晶作用;大離子親石元素Rb、Th富集,Nb和Ta虧損顯示陸源碎屑巖石為巖漿的源巖.
圖7 遼東半島弟兄山巖體花崗巖的Zr-SiO2判別圖解(a)、A′CF圖解(b)和SiO2-K2O相關(guān)圖(c)(據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[24-25])Fig.7 The Zr-SiO2(a),A′CF(b)and SiO2-K2O(c)diagrams of the granite sampled from the Dixiongshan rock mass in Liaodong Peninsula(After References[24-25])1—二長(zhǎng)花崗巖(本文)(monzogranite);2—黑云母花崗巖(本文)(biotite granite);3—二長(zhǎng)花崗巖(引用)(monzogranite referenced);4—黑云母花崗巖(引用)(biotite granite referenced)
4.3 地質(zhì)意義
鋯石U-Pb年齡測(cè)定表明,弟兄山巖體的侵位時(shí)代為三疊紀(jì)(205.2±2.1 Ma),是華北東部三疊紀(jì)花崗巖的一部分.但是有關(guān)該期巖漿活動(dòng)的地球動(dòng)力學(xué)背景頗有爭(zhēng)議.主要有以下幾種觀點(diǎn):(1)與古太平洋板塊俯沖作用有關(guān)[26-27];(2)是華北克拉通下地殼拆沉作用的產(chǎn)物[28];(3)陸內(nèi)伸展作用的影響[29].
Barbarin(1999)將A/CNK≥1的準(zhǔn)鋁-過(guò)鋁質(zhì)花崗巖分為含白云母過(guò)鋁花崗巖類(lèi)(MPG)和含堇青石過(guò)鋁花崗巖類(lèi)(CPG)[26].其中MPG主要來(lái)源于地殼,形成的地球動(dòng)力學(xué)環(huán)境為大陸碰撞,其發(fā)育的構(gòu)造環(huán)境為橫切厚地殼的橫推剪切逆沖帶[30].弟兄山巖體準(zhǔn)鋁-過(guò)鋁質(zhì)S型花崗巖含有白云母,它們的A/CNK=0.95~1.10,平均1.04,屬于典型的含白云母準(zhǔn)鋁-過(guò)鋁質(zhì)花崗巖(MPG),主要來(lái)源于陸源碎屑巖石.
弟兄山巖體的形成可能與中生代歐亞大陸與古太平洋板塊構(gòu)造環(huán)境密切相關(guān).遼東半島在晚三疊世以前,跨華北板塊東緣和蒙古海槽兩大構(gòu)造單元.古生代時(shí)期,中亞-蒙古洋板塊向南俯沖于華北板塊之下,形成強(qiáng)烈的火山噴發(fā)和花崗質(zhì)巖漿侵入.古生代末期至早三疊世末,海槽封閉褶皺,華北板塊與西伯利亞板塊對(duì)接,歐亞大陸形成.晚三疊世后開(kāi)始接受庫(kù)拉-太平洋板塊的俯沖,進(jìn)入環(huán)太平洋構(gòu)造域發(fā)展階段.白堊紀(jì)以后,亞洲大陸東緣的地球動(dòng)力學(xué)環(huán)境發(fā)生了一次明顯的變化.庫(kù)拉-太平洋板塊洋脊傾沒(méi)后,歐亞大陸東部強(qiáng)烈拉張,地殼進(jìn)一步隆升,使這里處于拉張應(yīng)力控制下,大陸邊緣逐漸解體,中國(guó)東部大陸邊緣進(jìn)入“類(lèi)裂谷大陸邊緣”階段[31].
三疊紀(jì)弟兄山S型花崗巖是庫(kù)拉-太平洋板塊向歐亞大陸俯沖的產(chǎn)物.由于庫(kù)拉-太平洋板塊的俯沖,大陸地殼受擠壓而隆起,相應(yīng)地產(chǎn)生斷塊運(yùn)動(dòng).由于這里的海洋板塊俯沖速度快,俯沖角度較緩,地殼較薄,因而形成巖漿的深度較淺[31],巖漿作用明顯表現(xiàn)出活化大陸邊緣的特點(diǎn).綜合弟兄山花崗巖形成時(shí)間、空間(圖1)分析,弟兄山巖體應(yīng)為自侏羅世開(kāi)始由板塊俯沖引起的東亞大陸邊緣構(gòu)造過(guò)程的響應(yīng).弟兄山巖體地球化學(xué)特征表明其巖漿來(lái)源于地殼,是印支晚期華北巖石圈處于弱伸展?fàn)顟B(tài)背景的響應(yīng).
通過(guò)對(duì)遼東半島弟兄山巖體花崗巖的巖石學(xué)、年代學(xué)、元素地球化學(xué)和同位素地球化學(xué)研究,獲得了如下幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)識(shí):
(1)弟兄山巖體二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖SHRIMP U-Pb年齡為(205.2±2.1)Ma,代表巖漿結(jié)晶年齡,重新厘定了弟兄山巖體二云母二長(zhǎng)花崗巖的時(shí)代應(yīng)屬于三疊紀(jì),應(yīng)為印支晚期巖漿活動(dòng)產(chǎn)物.
(2)弟兄山巖體花崗巖礦物特征與地球化學(xué)特征表明其屬于殼源準(zhǔn)鋁-過(guò)鋁質(zhì)S型花崗巖,并且含有白云母,它們的A/CNK=0.95~1.10,屬于典型的含白云母準(zhǔn)鋁-過(guò)鋁質(zhì)花崗巖(MPG),主要來(lái)源于陸源碎屑巖石.
(3)結(jié)合區(qū)域構(gòu)造演化歷史以及巖體的源區(qū)性質(zhì)和成因類(lèi)型,認(rèn)為弟兄山巖體是庫(kù)拉-太平洋板塊向歐亞大陸俯沖的產(chǎn)物,是印支晚期華北巖石圈處于弱伸展?fàn)顟B(tài)背景的響應(yīng).
致謝:感謝北京離子探針中心在SHRIMP分析過(guò)程中給予的幫助.
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ZIRCON SHRIMP U-Pb AGE AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE TRIASSIC DIXIONGSHAN ROCK MASS IN LIAODONG PENINSULA:Geological Significance
SONG Yun-hong1,HAO Li-bo2,YANG Feng-chao1,ZHAO Dong-fang1
1.Shenyang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,CGS,Shenyang 110034,China;
2.College of GeoExploration Science and Technology,Jilin University,Changchun 130026,China
The zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating result indicates that the Dixiongshan rock mass in Liaodong Peninsula,as a part of the Triassic granites found in the east of North China,was emplaced in the Triassic epoch(205.2±2.1 Ma).The whole rock chemical analysis shows that the Dixiongshan granites are characterized by high SiO2,Al2O3and K2O and low TiO2,Na2O,MnO and CaO,with K2O+Na2O ranging from 7.88%to 9.28%,K2O/Na2O≥1.16-1.46,CaO/Na2O=0.08-0.23, A/CNK=0.95-1.10.Furthermore,muscovite appears in the mineral assemblage,which means the rock mass belongs to metaluminous-peraluminous granite.In the SiO2-Zr diagram,all the sample points fall in the S-type granite area.All the characteristics above suggest that the Dixiongshan granites be of metaluminous-peraluminous S-type.The REE curves and parameters show intense fractionation between LREE and HREE and distinct negative anomaly of Eu,suggesting that a fractional crystallization happened to plagioclase or other Ca-rich minerals after the formation of magma in this area,which are typical REE characteristics for metaluminous-peraluminous granites.In the primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagram,all the granites are enriched in Rb and Th,but distinctly depleted in Nb,Ta,Sr and Ti.For all samples,Rb= 133×10-6-360×10-6,most of which are higher than the average value of granites(200×10-6).Sr(25×10-6-135×10-6)and Ba(48×10-6-507×10-6)are obviously lower than the average value of granites(Sr=300×10-6,Ba=830×10-6).The depletion of Ba and Sr reflects the magma experienced a relatively complete fractional crystallization.The enrichment of large ion lithophile elements(LILEs,such as Rb and Th)and the depletion of Nb and Ta indicate that the continental crust is the source rock of magma.The characteristics above show that the magma substance is from the terrigenous clastic rock. Combined with the history of regional geodynamical evolution,it is thought that the Dixiongshan rock mass is a product of the subduction of the Kula-Pacific plate towards Eurasia and response of weak extensional setting of North China lithosphere in the Late Indosinian epoch.
metaluminous-peraluminous S-type granite;zircon SHRIMP U-Pb age;Dixiongshan rock mass;Liaodong Peninsula
1671-1947(2015)05-0444-09
P59;P597
A
2015-03-09;
2015-03-17.編輯:張哲.
中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局地質(zhì)調(diào)查項(xiàng)目“遼寧鳳城雙嶺子地區(qū)礦產(chǎn)遠(yuǎn)景調(diào)查”(編號(hào)1212011085280).
宋運(yùn)紅(1983—),女,吉林大學(xué)在讀博士研究生,地球化學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè),主要從事地球化學(xué)及礦產(chǎn)地質(zhì)調(diào)查工作,通信地址遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市皇姑區(qū)黃河北大街280號(hào),E-mail//yunhong408@163.com