Why Breast Cancer Prefers “Iron Ladies”？

At the beginning of 2015， Singer Yao Beina who was called “the beautiful voice of China” died of breast cancer. Among the sorry sound， the horrible words breast cancer came into the public eye again. How to effectively treat breast cancer is concerned and cared by more and more people and becomes a major issue of public health now. The pass away of Yao Beina struck a wake-up call for all the females， especially those “iron ladies” who are too busy to look after themselves， that they should slow down their steps and change unhealthy lifestyle to care their breasts and avoid horrible cancer.

2015年伊始，有著“中國(guó)好聲音”之稱(chēng)的歌手姚貝娜因乳腺癌復(fù)發(fā)離開(kāi)人世。在一片哀嘆惋惜聲中，乳腺癌這個(gè)可怕的名詞也隨之再次進(jìn)入公眾視線，如何對(duì)乳腺癌進(jìn)行有效防治受到越來(lái)越多人的關(guān)心與重視，成為當(dāng)前社會(huì)的重大公共衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題。姚貝娜的去世，給廣大女性敲響了一記警鐘，尤其提醒那些忙碌于事業(yè)無(wú)暇顧及自身的“女強(qiáng)人”們，更應(yīng)當(dāng)放慢腳步，改變不好的生活方式，呵護(hù)自己的乳房，遠(yuǎn)離可怕的癌癥。

How far is breast cancer away from us？

乳腺癌離我們有多遠(yuǎn)？

When heard breast cancer， maybe someone think it is just one of the cancers that will not come upon it easily. So they just keep on busy doing jobs and when heard stars died of breast cancer， they would stop say “what a pity” and continue to focus on the “unfinished business”. In fact， breast cancer is the most frequent cancer for females in the world and 99% of it happens to women and just 1% for men. According to the statistics of WHO， there were 1.7 million females diagnosed with breast cancer in 2012 and more than 520，000 died of it. In recent decades， the morbidity of breast cancer is increasing， at usual， it is faster in rich countries than in poor countries. At the same time， breast cancer also has a relatively high death rate among women that one of eight cancer death cases is breast cancer. The statistics of WHO shows that， since 2008， the breast cancer case is increasing over 20% annually and that of its death rate is 14%.

The morbidity of breast cancer is varied worldwide and the age standardized incidence can reach 0.0994% in North America. It is lower in East Europe， South America， South Africa and West Asia， but it is increasing too. The lowest morbidity is in most African countries. But in low-income and mid-income countries， since the extension of life expectancy， aggravation of urbanization and the adoption of western lifestyle， the breast cancer morbidity keeps increasing in past several years. And due to the lack of proper diagnose and treatment facilities in underdeveloped countries， the survival rate of breast cancer patients is relatively low. Like in 2008， the survival rate of breast cancer patients in low-income countries was less than 40%， while that in North America， Sweden and Japan was 80% or even higher.

談起乳腺癌，也許有人認(rèn)為那不過(guò)是眾多癌癥中的一種，不會(huì)輕易降臨到自己身上，于是繼續(xù)忙工作、忙生活，倘若偶然聽(tīng)到患乳腺癌的明星去世，停下來(lái)說(shuō)一句“好可惜”，轉(zhuǎn)而又開(kāi)始匆匆忙忙專(zhuān)注于那些“還未完成的事業(yè)”。其實(shí)乳腺癌是全世界婦女最常見(jiàn)的癌癥，乳腺癌中99%發(fā)生在女性身上，男性?xún)H占1%。據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，乳腺癌占所有婦女癌癥的16%。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，2012年全球有170萬(wàn)婦女被診斷患有乳腺癌，超過(guò)52萬(wàn)人因罹患乳腺癌而死亡。近幾十年來(lái)，乳腺癌的發(fā)病率呈上升趨勢(shì)，通常情況下，在富裕國(guó)家比貧窮國(guó)家上升得更快。同時(shí)，乳腺癌也是婦女死亡率較高的癌癥，每8例癌癥死亡病例中就有一例為乳腺癌。世界衛(wèi)生組織的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，自2008年起，全球每年乳腺癌病例以超過(guò)20%的速度增長(zhǎng)，而死亡率每年增長(zhǎng)14%。

在全球范圍內(nèi)，乳腺癌的發(fā)病率相差很大，年齡標(biāo)化發(fā)病率在北美洲能達(dá)到0.0994%。而東歐、南美洲、非洲南部和西亞的發(fā)病率略低，卻也在增長(zhǎng)。最低的發(fā)病率出現(xiàn)在多數(shù)非洲國(guó)家。但在低收入和中等收入國(guó)家，由于期望壽命的延長(zhǎng)、城市化的加劇以及對(duì)西方生活方式的采用，乳腺癌的發(fā)病率在過(guò)去若干年以來(lái)一直不斷上升。并且由于不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家缺少適當(dāng)?shù)脑\斷和治療設(shè)施，這些國(guó)家中乳腺癌患者的存活率也相對(duì)較低。如2008年低收入國(guó)家乳腺癌患者存活率僅有40%以下，而北美、瑞典和日本等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家存活率可高達(dá)80%甚至以上。

Take China as an example， the China’s Breast Cancer Status Report in the recent authoritative medical journal the Lancet’s tumor special said that， in every 100 new diagnosed breast cancer cases， there are 12 from China， the new morbidity growth rate of which is twice of that of the world and the average onset age is 10-15 years earlier than that of western countries. Shao Zhimin， director of breast surgery of Tumor Hospital affiliated to Fudan University， said that， breast cancer is of the highest morbidity of females in China and is increasing in these years with a younger trend. It is estimated that， till 2030， the breast cancer cases in China will reach 234，000， 31.15% more than that in 2008.

When seeing this numbers， do you still feel breast cancer is far away from you？ Maybe when thinking back， in our life， we always hear the news of breast cancer of famous people or relatives or friends. The importance of breast to women goes without saying. The unfortunate women with breast cancer will not only face the hurts and damage physically， but also the mental misery after the removal of breast， even in some extreme situation – the spread of cancer cells and the loss of precious life. Although the morbidity of breast cancer is high and not timely treatment will bring serious result， we need not to “be panic when talking about it”. As long as it can be found at the early stage and diagnosed and treated in a proper way， it has relatively high cure rate.

以中國(guó)為例，在近期的權(quán)威醫(yī)學(xué)期刊《柳葉刀》的腫瘤特刊上，《中國(guó)乳腺癌現(xiàn)狀報(bào)告》顯示，全球每100個(gè)新確診的乳癌病例中，有12個(gè)來(lái)自中國(guó)，新發(fā)病率增長(zhǎng)速度是世界平均水平的2倍，平均發(fā)病年齡比西方國(guó)家早10-15年。上海復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院乳腺外科主任邵志敏表示，乳腺癌是中國(guó)女性發(fā)病率最高的癌癥類(lèi)型，其發(fā)病率在近幾年呈逐年遞增之勢(shì)，且年輕化趨勢(shì)顯著。預(yù)計(jì)到2030年，中國(guó)女性乳腺癌發(fā)病數(shù)將達(dá)23.4萬(wàn)例，比2008年上升31.15%。

看到這一串?dāng)?shù)據(jù)，你是否還會(huì)覺(jué)得乳腺癌離你很遙遠(yuǎn)？或許可以回想一下，在我們的生活中，似乎總能聽(tīng)到周遭名人或者身邊親戚朋友患乳腺癌的案例。乳房對(duì)于女性的重要性是不言而喻的，不幸得了乳腺癌的女性不僅將面對(duì)身體上的疼痛和摧殘，有的還將面臨由手術(shù)切除乳房之后帶來(lái)的心理傷害，甚至出現(xiàn)更極端的情況——癌細(xì)胞擴(kuò)散轉(zhuǎn)移，最終失去寶貴的生命。雖然乳腺癌的發(fā)病率較高，不及時(shí)治療會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的后果，但也不需要“談之色變”，只要能夠及時(shí)在早期發(fā)現(xiàn)，并作出適當(dāng)?shù)脑\斷和治療，乳腺癌還是會(huì)有著較高的治愈率。

The mystery of breast cancer

乳腺癌之謎

The death of Yao Beina makes people regret the impermanence of life. Famous people like Chen Xiaoxu， Li Yuanyuan， Yefan， A Sang…are all died of it in a young age. Besides， Chinese and foreign stars like Cai Qin， Wang Mingquan， the former first lady of America Nancy Regan， Shirley Temple and Kylie Minogue were all doomed to have this disease. But they survived the struggle with the cancer， defeated it and continued the glorious life. Of course， there are thousands of ordinary people， who suffered imaginable pains because of breast cancer.

When talking about the reason of the disease， it is still a mystery. But like other related cases， breast cancer has its “preference”. Women that have family genetic history， long time smoke and drink， eat high fat diet， never do sports， are of long-term pressure， are in polluted areas or contact with hormones are easy to be targeted. For genetic inheritance， scientists found that， the variation of susceptibility gene BRCA1and BRCA2 would largely increase the risk of women to have breast cancer， but only less than 10% patients have this gene. The morbidity rate of breast cancer in Southeast Asia and African countries is 5 times lower than that in developed countries， which makes people to guess if the lifestyle of women in developed countries let them be easier to get breast cancer. Dr. Tim Key， epidemiologists and cancer experts of Oxford University said that， “we cannot say some groups are immune for this disease genetically， because， if people move from poor countries to rich countries， after one or two generations， the morbidity of them would be the same as that of western people. This is related to lifestyle.”

姚貝娜的離開(kāi)讓人感慨生命的無(wú)常，回顧一下那些患過(guò)乳腺癌的名人，演員陳曉旭、李媛媛，歌手葉凡、阿?！家蛉橄侔┒阆駳?。此外還有蔡琴、汪明荃、美國(guó)前第一夫人南?！だ锔?，美國(guó)演員秀蘭·鄧波兒，歌手凱莉·米洛等中外明星，也都難逃厄運(yùn)。但她們?cè)谂c病痛的斗爭(zhēng)中堅(jiān)持了下來(lái)，戰(zhàn)勝了乳腺癌，延續(xù)了生命的光彩。當(dāng)然還有千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)的普通人，也曾因乳腺癌承受著我們難以想象的折磨。

說(shuō)起乳腺癌的病因，目前仍是一個(gè)謎。但是，和其他相關(guān)病例一樣，乳腺癌也有格外“青睞”的人群。有家族遺傳史，長(zhǎng)期吸煙飲酒、高脂飲食、疏于運(yùn)動(dòng)、長(zhǎng)期壓力過(guò)大及處于污染生活環(huán)境中和長(zhǎng)期接觸激素的女性，都更容易中招。針對(duì)基因遺傳，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，乳腺癌易感基因BRCA1和BRCA2的變異確實(shí)會(huì)大大增加女性患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但僅有不到10%的乳腺癌患者攜帶遺傳性突變基因。一些東南亞國(guó)家和非洲國(guó)家的乳腺癌發(fā)病率比發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家要低五倍，讓人不禁要猜想是否發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家女性的生活方式使他們更有可能患乳腺癌？牛津大學(xué)流行病學(xué)家和癌癥專(zhuān)家Tim Key博士說(shuō)：“不能說(shuō)有哪些人群從基因上就對(duì)該病免疫，因?yàn)槲覀冎?，如果人們從窮國(guó)移居富國(guó)，一兩代人之后，他們的發(fā)病率就和西方人一樣了。這和人們的生活方式有關(guān)?！?/p>

Then， how “l(fā)ifestyle” affects the high morbidity of breast cancer？ Studies show that， obesity and alcohol consumption are related to breast cancer. Dr. Key said， “the level of estrogen （hormone） in the blood of fat women is higher since fat cells to produce estrogen.” Estrogen will stimulate the growth of breast cancer tumor. Alcohol also is related to the increase of hormone in blood and maybe leads to the rise of risks of having breast cancer. Besides， birth condition all leads to the difference in breast cancer risks worldwide. Such as in some places of Africa， the morbidity is low because women there give birth to children in a very young age and do breast feeding， which lower down the estrogen level as well as the risks of getting breast cancer. What’s more， Dr.Philip Landrigan in New York Mount Sinai Medical Center， said that， the more the menstrual cycles， the higher risk of the breast cancer. Women of early puberty and late pregnancy have more menstrual cycles. Hormone Replacement Therapy and oral contraceptive are resource of estrogen and proved to be the dangerous elements for breast cancer， and many chemicals are proved to add the risks of getting cancer.

那么，“生活方式”是如何影響乳腺癌的高發(fā)病率的呢。有研究表明，肥胖和飲酒與乳腺癌有關(guān)。Key博士說(shuō)：“肥胖婦女血液中荷爾蒙雌激素的含量更高，因?yàn)橹炯?xì)胞會(huì)產(chǎn)生雌激素?！倍萍に貢?huì)刺激大部分乳腺癌腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)。酒精也與血液中荷爾蒙含量升高有關(guān)，可能就是由于這個(gè)原因飲酒也會(huì)增加女性患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。另外，生育狀況也造成全球乳腺癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方面的巨大差異。如非洲一些地方乳腺癌發(fā)病率低，因?yàn)楫?dāng)?shù)嘏暂^早生育孩子，并且對(duì)孩子進(jìn)行母乳喂養(yǎng)，這樣就降低了女性雌激素水平，從而降低患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。此外，紐約西奈山醫(yī)療中心的Philip Landrigan博士認(rèn)為，女性一生經(jīng)歷的月經(jīng)周期越多，患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就越大，過(guò)早進(jìn)入青春期的女性和過(guò)晚懷孕的女性經(jīng)歷的月經(jīng)周期會(huì)越多。據(jù)悉，荷爾蒙替代療法和口服避孕藥都是雌激素來(lái)源，而且均有研究證明是患乳腺癌的危險(xiǎn)因素，許多化學(xué)品也在實(shí)驗(yàn)中被證明會(huì)增加人類(lèi)的致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

“Iron ladies” have higher risk of breast cancer

“女強(qiáng)人”患乳腺癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高

Besides the above factors for cancer risk， irregular work and rest and depressed mind that cannot be sent out are more influential. Straif， researcher of International Agency for Research on Cancer said， “it is more conclusive of the evidence for reverse shift work day and night leading cancer than chemicals.” He also said， the shift work that lead to destruction of normal sleep habits is listed in the “2 A kind of carcinogen the International Agency for Research on Cancer”， which means it may bring cancer to human beings. Recently published paper further supports a causal relationship between the two. Straif said， “the shift work is frequent in modern society， which is a dangerous elements for the whole group of human beings.” Besides， too much mental pressure， anxiety， less counseling and longtime depression will lead endocrine disorders that may cause breast cancer. Israel scientist Peled’s report on Biomedicine said， he and his colleagues compared 255 breast cancer patients and 367 healthy women of the same age， and they all less than 45 years old. They found that， young women facing with kinds of pressures will have 62% higher risk of getting the disease.

When we looking back the women are or were of breast cancer， maybe can find something in common from the above famous people with same painful experience. No matter the former first lady Nancy Regan or just passed away Yao Beina， they both suited for the definition of “iron lady”. It is not refer to those women with tough looks， but those talented and smart ones， which is a title for women focusing on careers and also achieving success.

除了以上致癌的因素外，對(duì)乳腺癌影響更大的是不規(guī)律的作息和無(wú)法排遣的壓抑情緒。國(guó)際癌癥研究機(jī)構(gòu)的研究員Straif說(shuō)：“有關(guān)晝夜顛倒的倒班工作造成乳腺癌的證據(jù)比化學(xué)品引起乳腺癌的證據(jù)更為確鑿?！彼€補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，導(dǎo)致正常睡眠習(xí)慣被破壞的倒班工作目前被列為“國(guó)際癌癥研究機(jī)構(gòu)2A類(lèi)致癌物”，也就是說(shuō)對(duì)人類(lèi)很有可能有致癌性。最近發(fā)表的論文進(jìn)一步支持兩者之間存在因果關(guān)系。Straif說(shuō)：“考慮到現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中倒班工作很常見(jiàn)，這可能對(duì)整個(gè)人群而言都屬于危險(xiǎn)因素?！绷硗猓駢毫^(guò)大、焦慮，又沒(méi)有及時(shí)疏導(dǎo)，長(zhǎng)期精神抑郁，導(dǎo)致內(nèi)分泌功能紊亂也容易招來(lái)乳腺癌。以色列科學(xué)家佩萊德在網(wǎng)絡(luò)雜志《生物醫(yī)學(xué)》上報(bào)告說(shuō)，他和同事將255名乳腺癌患者與367名同齡健康女性進(jìn)行了對(duì)比研究，他們的年齡均小于45歲。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，面臨種種壓力的年輕女性患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)增加62%。

反觀一下那些患有或患過(guò)乳腺癌的女性，或許如前所列的有過(guò)相同痛苦經(jīng)歷的名人身上，我們多少能找到一些共性。不論是前第一夫人南希·里根還是剛剛?cè)ナ赖囊ω惸?，她們基本都符合我們所說(shuō)的“女強(qiáng)人”定義?！芭畯?qiáng)人”不一定是外表看上去很強(qiáng)悍的女人，但指的是才能出眾，精明干練的女性，也是對(duì)專(zhuān)注事業(yè)并獲得成就的女性的一種稱(chēng)呼。

This kind of “iron lady” can develop to urban women in daily life. They always have strict high standards for themselves or even overcritical. They all wants progress in career and feel too much pressure or depressed due to some obstacles. Besides mental pressure， in their life， they would neglect themselves due to the desperate pursuit of career. Like they are too busy to have meal on time， or even don’t have meal and sometimes eat and drink too much; more and more females often stay very late at night due to work or “era disease”; many white-collar female workers have no time to do sports and the time they sit in front of the desk is more than that of their sleep; when feel too much pressure or have to do social engagement， they would smoke or drink; their over pursuit of external beauty makes them use excessive hormone cosmetics that their skin are stimulated for a long time and leads to hormonal disorders; since not will to delay the development of career， late marriage and child birth are the choice of many career-first woman…so except genetic heritance and variation， all of these elements that may trigger cancer can be found in “iron ladies”.

Another group of statistics： in 2014， there were 187000 breast cancer patients covering 25% of females with cancer. The coastal developed cities like Beijing， Shanghai and Guangzhou are the “severely afflicted area” of breast cancer， which 7 times of that in less developed middle and western parts. Why developed cities are the high incidence areas of breast cancer？ Besides the different living environment， the longtime pressure on people can also be related. White-collar females in big cities always give up the original regular life due to the working pressure. Diet structure disorder， too much mental pressure， especially longtime delay childbearing are all bad elements inducing breast lesions. Some materials show that， the morbidity rate of women never have childbirth is 30% of that of women have had babies; the morbidity rate of non-nursing women is 1.5 times of that of nursing women. So “iron ladies” if do not pay attention to the regular routine and health when pursuing career， they will largely increase the possibility of having breast cancer.

這樣的“女強(qiáng)人”代表可以衍生到日常生活中的都市女性身上。她們往往對(duì)自己有著嚴(yán)格的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，有時(shí)甚至過(guò)于苛求自己。她們普遍希望自己在事業(yè)上有所發(fā)展，有時(shí)會(huì)因?yàn)橐恍┳枇κ艿酱驌舳鴮?dǎo)致壓力過(guò)大甚至產(chǎn)生抑郁情緒。除了心理上的壓力外，在她們的生活中，很可能因?yàn)閷?duì)事業(yè)的極致追求而忽略自身。比如工作太忙讓她們無(wú)法按時(shí)吃飯，或者有時(shí)不吃飯，有時(shí)又暴飲暴食;越來(lái)越多的女性因?yàn)楣ぷ骰蛘摺皶r(shí)代病”會(huì)經(jīng)常在晚上熬夜;許多白領(lǐng)女性沒(méi)有時(shí)間去運(yùn)動(dòng)，每天坐在辦公桌前的時(shí)間也許會(huì)多過(guò)睡覺(jué)的時(shí)間;“女強(qiáng)人”們壓力過(guò)大或者不得以需要應(yīng)酬的時(shí)候，也許還會(huì)抽點(diǎn)煙喝點(diǎn)酒;她們對(duì)外在的過(guò)分追求也許會(huì)讓她們過(guò)多使用激素類(lèi)美容品，肌膚長(zhǎng)期受到刺激，導(dǎo)致荷爾蒙分泌紊亂;由于不愿耽誤事業(yè)的發(fā)展，晚婚晚育也成為多數(shù)事業(yè)型女人的選擇……由此可見(jiàn)，除了基因遺傳和變異，所有這些也許會(huì)引發(fā)高致癌的因素，似乎都可以在“女強(qiáng)人”身上捕捉到影子。

再拿一組數(shù)據(jù)作為支撐：2014年，中國(guó)乳腺癌發(fā)病人數(shù)18.7萬(wàn)人，占女性癌癥的25%。北京、上海、廣州等沿海一線發(fā)達(dá)城市是乳腺癌“重災(zāi)區(qū)”，是經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá)的中西部的近7倍。為什么一線發(fā)達(dá)城市會(huì)成為乳腺癌的高發(fā)區(qū)？除了生活環(huán)境不一樣，恐怕與大城市長(zhǎng)期給人帶來(lái)的壓力也不無(wú)關(guān)系。居住在大城市的白領(lǐng)女性，往往因?yàn)槊媾R工作壓力，而放棄原有的規(guī)律生活。飲食結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂、精神壓力過(guò)大，尤其是過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間推遲生育，都成為誘發(fā)乳腺病變的不良因素。有關(guān)資料表明，從未生育婦女患該病的危險(xiǎn)性比已生育婦女高30%;未哺乳婦女患該病的危險(xiǎn)性比哺乳婦女高1.5倍以上。因此“女強(qiáng)人”在對(duì)事業(yè)的追求中如果不同時(shí)注重自身的規(guī)律作息和身體健康，在很大程度上會(huì)為自己增加許多罹患乳腺癌的概率。

Protect breast and keep away from cancer

保護(hù)乳腺遠(yuǎn)離癌

Since people don’t fully understand the reason caused breast cancer， the early detection of it is still the foundation of the control of breast cancer. If people can enhance their awareness and have proper diagnose and treatment at the early stage of breast cancer， the possibility of healing is still high. However， “iron ladies” who pay too much attention to career and family can hardly do this. They may be too busy to neglect the physical discomfort and anomalies of themselves or forget to do annual breast examination. They will come to the hospital when there is obvious syndrome， which would largely delay the treatment.

The purpose for examination is to nip in the bud. For malignant tumor like breast cancer， some experts said the death rate can be largely lowered down by early examination of breast and early treatment. Gynecologist Chen Yuman said， it is because the early and regular breast examinations haven’t been done that most breast cancers have developed into malignant tumor and spread to the whole body. In her opinion， urban women from 20 to 40 can check their breast by hands to find if there is lump or abnormalities with the week after the menstruation every month. For women over 40 and of climacteric should have screening mammography every year. This can guarantee health and is an attitude of being responsible for them.

If being diagnosed of breast cancer， the patient should actively corporate with the treatment plan of the doctor and adjust psychological mood in time with less pressure. After the cure， the patient should keep relaxed and happy mood and rest often. Yao Beina died of relapse of breast cancer. Her surgeon once said， “according to the treatment of state of Yao at first， the chance of relapse was less than 5%， but such a low probability became 100% to her.” The first breast cancer surgery of Yao was a success， but she stepped on the stage of competition just after the recovery. Her surgeon Cao Yingming said， when busy， she often forgot to review. Cai said when Yao Beina was known by everyone， she had less rest time and even flew to different cities to perform in very short time， and even sang and danced at the same time. “Yao loved her career too much that she was willing to sacrifice many things，” said Cao. But it never occurred to anyone that Yao sacrificed her life for her career.

由于目前人們尚不完全了解乳腺癌的病因，因此疾病的早期發(fā)現(xiàn)仍然是乳腺癌控制工作的基礎(chǔ)。如果能夠提高意識(shí)，在乳腺癌早期就發(fā)現(xiàn)并作出適當(dāng)診斷和治療，乳腺癌治愈的可能性還是很高的。而往往對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)，過(guò)分把重心放在事業(yè)和家庭上的“女強(qiáng)人”們卻很難做到。她們也許會(huì)因?yàn)樘Χ雎缘糇约荷眢w上的不適與異常，忘記或者沒(méi)有習(xí)慣去做每年的乳房檢查，她們通常會(huì)等到出現(xiàn)了較明顯的癥狀之后才去醫(yī)院就診，這樣大大延誤了乳腺癌的治療。

檢查的目的自然是為了防患于未然。對(duì)乳腺癌這樣一種惡性腫瘤，有專(zhuān)家表示可以通過(guò)前期檢查乳腺健康狀況，早期發(fā)現(xiàn)治療便可以大大降低死亡率。婦科醫(yī)生陳玉曼介紹，之所以大多數(shù)乳腺癌被確診時(shí)都已然發(fā)展為惡性腫瘤，并開(kāi)始全身擴(kuò)散，其主要原因便是因?yàn)榍捌跊](méi)做或者沒(méi)有認(rèn)真定期的進(jìn)行乳腺癌檢查。在她看來(lái)，20至40歲的都市女性，每月月經(jīng)結(jié)束后一周內(nèi)可以自己用手檢查一下乳房有無(wú)腫塊或異常。對(duì)于40歲以上和進(jìn)入更年期的女性，每年去醫(yī)院進(jìn)行一次乳房造影篩查。這樣既保證了身體的健康，也是對(duì)自我負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度。

若被診斷出乳腺癌，患者應(yīng)當(dāng)積極配合醫(yī)生的治療方案，及時(shí)調(diào)整心理情緒，不給自己過(guò)多的壓力，治愈之后也應(yīng)保持放松和愉快的心情，并應(yīng)當(dāng)多休息。姚貝娜死于乳腺癌復(fù)發(fā)，她的主刀醫(yī)生曾說(shuō)：“根據(jù)姚貝娜最初的治療狀態(tài)，復(fù)發(fā)的概率不到5%，可是這么低的概率，在姚貝娜這里卻變成了100%”。姚貝娜第一次的乳腺癌切除手術(shù)其實(shí)很成功，但她在剛恢復(fù)沒(méi)多久就踏上了舞臺(tái)參加比賽，她的主治醫(yī)生曹迎明說(shuō)，忙起來(lái)時(shí)，姚貝娜經(jīng)常忘記了去復(fù)查。據(jù)曹迎明介紹，姚貝娜在被大家認(rèn)識(shí)后，更加沒(méi)有自己休息的時(shí)間，經(jīng)常在短時(shí)間內(nèi)飛到不同的城市演出，甚至邊唱邊跳?！耙ω惸忍珶釔?ài)自己的事業(yè)了，寧可犧牲很多其他東西”，曹迎明說(shuō)道?？蓻](méi)想到姚貝娜為了事業(yè)，最后卻犧牲掉了自己的生命。

For females without breast cancer， to change into a better lifestyle can achieve effective prevention result. WHO pointed out that： by controlling changeable specific high-risk elements for breast cancer and effectively prevent non-infective disease in an all-round way to improve healthy diet， physical activities and control drinking， overweight and obesity can finally lower down the morbidity of breast cancer in a long time. The research result of Institute of psychology Research Chinese Academy of Sciences also said： in modern life， long-term nervous in work and study， inharmonious in work and family and big unfortunate things in life are three major elements cause cancer. When seeing the pass away stars like A Sang， Chen Xiaoxu and Yao Beina， they all experiences low ebb at certain stage in their life， which seriously affected their mood and brought them strong depression. Some studies show that， the mood affects the immune system of a person that good mood can promote the coordination of organs and the ability to fight against disease while bad mood may lead organ function disorder， reduce the human body immunity， and let the cancer cell get in. The saying that “all diseases come from the heart” also means this. Cui Shude， chief physician of breast surgery in Henan Tumor Hospital said， depression and negative mood may increase milk hormone and may lead to breast cancer. Among breast cancer patients， city overweighs rural area and intellectual women overweigh ordinary working women.

So though we cannot say that there is necessary connection between iron ladies and breast cancer， the elements of irregular work and rest， late marriage and late childbirth， dink family， longtime pressure and negative mood are all increasing the risk of getting breast cancer. It is an admirable thing for women to have their own career and fight for it， but they should not neglect their health for this. “Iron ladies” should care about the changes of their body and look after their mood. They should talk to relatives and friends when feel depressed and do sports and outdoor tourism to distract attention. They should lower the probability of having breast cancer through changing unhealthy lifestyle. When facing breast cancer， we need not to fear irrationally. Protecting breast can start from small things in our daily life. Try to treat our body with a positive and rational mind and understand that a healthy body is the foundation for career and treat it in a good way is the best blessing for us.

而對(duì)于未患乳腺癌的女性，養(yǎng)成良好的生活方式能夠達(dá)到有效的預(yù)防效果。世界衛(wèi)生組織提出：控制可改變的乳腺癌特定高危因素以及有效地綜合預(yù)防非傳染病以促進(jìn)健康飲食、身體活動(dòng)并控制飲酒、體重過(guò)重和肥胖癥，最終可產(chǎn)生影響，在長(zhǎng)時(shí)期內(nèi)降低乳腺癌發(fā)病率。中國(guó)科學(xué)院心理研究所的研究結(jié)果也表明：現(xiàn)代生活中，工作和學(xué)習(xí)上的長(zhǎng)期緊張、工作和家庭中人際關(guān)系的不協(xié)調(diào)、生活中的重大不幸是致癌的三個(gè)重要因素。再看看已經(jīng)離開(kāi)人世的明星，阿桑、陳曉旭、姚貝娜……她們大都在人生的某個(gè)階段經(jīng)歷過(guò)低谷，而且事業(yè)的低谷嚴(yán)重影響她們的情緒，讓她們感到過(guò)強(qiáng)烈的抑郁。而有關(guān)研究表明，情緒影響著一個(gè)人的免疫系統(tǒng)，好情緒能提高人體臟器協(xié)調(diào)和抵抗疾病的能力，壞情緒會(huì)誘發(fā)臟器功能紊亂，降低人體免疫力，癌細(xì)胞就會(huì)趁虛而入。俗話(huà)說(shuō)“萬(wàn)病源于心”也是這個(gè)道理。河南省腫瘤醫(yī)院乳腺科主任醫(yī)師崔樹(shù)德說(shuō)，抑郁、消極的情緒可增多乳素分泌，“有可能導(dǎo)致乳腺癌。在乳腺癌患者中，城市比農(nóng)村多，知識(shí)女性比一般職業(yè)女性多?！?/p>

因此，雖然不能絕對(duì)地說(shuō)“女強(qiáng)人”和乳腺癌之間有著必然聯(lián)系，但有的“女強(qiáng)人”由于生活作息不規(guī)律、提倡晚婚晚育甚至崇尚丁克家庭，以及長(zhǎng)期壓力得不到釋放并導(dǎo)致情緒低落，這些因素在無(wú)形之中都增加了她們患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。女性想要有自己的事業(yè)并愿意為之拼搏，本應(yīng)是讓人尊敬和佩服的事，但也不能因此而忽略了自己的身體健康?！芭畯?qiáng)人”也應(yīng)當(dāng)多關(guān)注自己的身體變化，照顧好自己的情緒，感到抑郁或者壓力大時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)多和家人朋友溝通，并適當(dāng)鍛煉或者外出旅游以轉(zhuǎn)移注意力，通過(guò)改變不良的生活方式來(lái)最大程度降低患乳腺癌的幾率。面對(duì)乳腺癌，不必盲目地恐懼，保護(hù)好自己的乳腺其實(shí)可以從日常生活的點(diǎn)滴做起。用樂(lè)觀理智的心態(tài)去善待身體，要明白，身體健康才是拼搏事業(yè)的根基，善待生命才是給自己最好的祝福。