Currently， about 155 million school children are overweight， and 30-40 million children are obese. Reports about children obesity are increasing and this global trend has already caused great concern.

Children overweight and obesity may last to adulthood. 55% and 75% of overweight from 6 to 11 and from 12 to 17 respectively can last to adulthood. Obesity from childhood to adulthood reciprocally influences with cardiovascular diseases and non-infectious diseases， which will further aggravate obesity.

目前，全球約有1.55億學(xué)齡兒童青少年超重，3000萬到4000萬兒童青少年肥胖。關(guān)于兒童肥胖的流行病學(xué)報(bào)道越來越多，其全球流行趨勢(shì)已引起高度關(guān)注。

兒童青少年期體重超重和肥胖最嚴(yán)重的后果是到成年期的延續(xù)，發(fā)生于6～11歲和12～17歲的肥胖，分別有約55%和75%將持續(xù)到成年，而延續(xù)到成年的肥胖又與心血管疾病、非傳染性疾病相互影響，從而加劇其發(fā)生與發(fā)展。

Overweight children

in China： 12%

中國(guó)12%兒童超重

In today’s China， obesity begins to show the characteristics of becoming younger and increasing of adolescent obesity rate. Zhang Yongjian， the director of the Research Center of Food and Drug Industry Development and Regulatory of Chinese Academy of Social Science， said “we used to think that the overweight people were mostly in western developed countries， while actually， the obesity rate in middle and low income countries keeps increasing. The growth rate of overweight and obesity in childhood of developing countries has been 30% higher than that of developed countries. In China， there are 12% of children are overweight.”

The research center in which Zhang Yongjian works and Guangdong Lvshou Health Information Consulting Co.， Ltd jointly launched the programme “Research on Chinese Overweight”， and focused on the impact of obesity on adolescents. “Children obesity has been concerned globally and WHO even set up Termination of the Childhood Obesity Committee， because obesity in childhood is more serious than that in adulthood” Zhang Yongjian said. An investigation shows that， 45-50% of pupil obesity and 60-70% of high school student obesity will keep this trend to being obese. Besides， compared to peers of normal weight， obese adolescents are more likely depressed and tend to be inferiority complex and self-closing.

在當(dāng)今中國(guó)，已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)肥胖問題日趨低齡化、青少年肥胖率持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)等特征。中國(guó)社科院食品藥品產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展與監(jiān)管研究中心主任張永建說，“在我們以往的概念中，肥胖人群大多集中在歐美發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，但現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是，中低收入國(guó)家的肥胖率正在上升，發(fā)展中國(guó)家的兒童期超重和肥胖增長(zhǎng)率，已經(jīng)比發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家高出30%，而中國(guó)有12%的兒童超重?！?/p>

在張永建供職的研究中心和廣東綠瘦健康信息咨詢有限公司共同啟動(dòng)的一項(xiàng)關(guān)于“中國(guó)人體重超重課題研究”中，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注肥胖對(duì)青少年的影響?！叭澜缍荚陉P(guān)注兒童肥胖問題，WHO甚至專門成立了‘終止兒童期肥胖癥委員會(huì)’。因?yàn)榍嗌倌攴逝直瘸赡耆朔逝钟绊懜鼮閲?yán)重。”張永建說，有調(diào)查顯示，45%至50%的小學(xué)生肥胖者和60%-70%的中學(xué)生肥胖者在成年后仍然肥胖，另外與體重正常的同齡人相比，肥胖青少年更容易情緒低落，形成自卑心理和自閉性格。

According to the “Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey” co-released by the University of North Carolina and CCDCP， in China 1.9% of youth between 12 and 18 are suffering from diabetes， which is four times of their correspondences of US. China now has about 1.7 million young people have diabetes and 27.7 million people are diagnosed to be pre-diabetes. What’s worse， large quantities of researches in China show that Chinese young people are gaining weight even faster than people in the west countries.

今年，美國(guó)北卡羅來納大學(xué)與中國(guó)疾控中心合作發(fā)布的《中國(guó)健康與營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)查》顯示，中國(guó)12至18歲的孩子中1.9%患有糖尿病，這一數(shù)字是美國(guó)同齡人的4倍。中國(guó)目前共有170萬青少年飽受糖尿病之苦，另有2770萬人被認(rèn)為處于糖尿病前期。同時(shí)，國(guó)內(nèi)的很多研究也表明，中國(guó)的青少年肥胖發(fā)展速度比歐美發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家發(fā)展速度還要快。

European youth

overweight： 1/3

歐洲1/3青少年超重

Youth overweight problem is beyond China. February 25， 2014， WHO announced that children overweight is now becoming a great health challenge in Europe， and about 1/3 of European teenagers are overweight.

According to the reports released by WHO， in the 53 European countries and regions， overweight children of 13 and 11 years old are respectively 27% and 33%. WHO Regional Director for Europe Zsuzsanna Jakab thought that the reasons for European children to be obese have a lot， like being short of exercise for a long time， in favor of cheap， high-fat and high sugar convenience food， which would cause “critical damage” to their health.

青少年超重問題并不僅僅存在于當(dāng)今中國(guó)。2014年2月25日，世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)布消息稱，兒童體重超標(biāo)正在成為歐洲面臨的又一項(xiàng)巨大的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，大約有1/3的歐洲青少年超重。

根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)布的報(bào)告，在歐洲53個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)中，13歲的兒童中有27%超重，11歲的兒童中則有33%超重。世界衛(wèi)生組織歐洲區(qū)主任祖桑娜·杰卡布認(rèn)為，歐洲兒童肥胖的原因是多方面的，如長(zhǎng)期缺乏體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，推崇廉價(jià)、高脂肪、高糖的方便食品的文化等，這將對(duì)青少年的身體造成“致命傷害”。

The report further said that among the children of 11 years old， countries with the highest obesity rate are Greece， Portugal， Ireland and Spain， and those with the lowest rate are Netherlands and Switzerland. WHO recommends that people between 5 and 17 years old should take exercise for at least 60 minutes. WHO nutrition expert Brenda said “we need to create the environment inspiring sports and healthy dietary structure.”

報(bào)告稱，在11歲的兒童中，肥胖率最高的國(guó)家是希臘、葡萄牙、愛爾蘭和西班牙。肥胖率最低的則是荷蘭和瑞士。世界衛(wèi)生組織建議，5歲至17歲的兒童每天應(yīng)至少進(jìn)行60分鐘的體育活動(dòng)。世界衛(wèi)生組織營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)專家布蘭達(dá)說：“我們需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造鼓勵(lì)運(yùn)動(dòng)和健康飲食選擇的環(huán)境。

Different reasons of teenager overweight between China and the west

青少年超重原因中西有別

In people’s mind， more vegetables， less sugar and fast food in the dietary， and more exercises are helpful to control weight. But a new investigation by American scientists found that Chinese teenager with these relatively “healthy” living habits are likely to be overweight instead.

This investigation involved more than 9， 000 Chinese teenagers showed that teenager overweight in China and in the West may due to different reasons， which cannot be generalized. Researchers believed that this might because cultural differences and the changing lifestyles in the period of Chinese socio-economic transformation.

This investigation was conducted by researchers from the University of South California in these 7 cities as Harbin， Shenyang， Wuhan， Chengdu， Kunming， Hangzhou and Qingdao. The objects are junior and senior high school students from high， medium and low income families.

The investigation revealed that teenager overweight of China and the West share some common reasons， like sleeping less and watching long time TV， while it has more different reasons. One remarkable difference is that having more vegetables and less sugar and fast food caused Chinese teenagers to be overweight and dessert and fast food is considered to be one of the most important reasons causing teenager overweight in the West.

按照通常觀念，多吃蔬菜、少吃糖和快餐、勤于鍛煉，有利于控制體重。但美國(guó)科學(xué)家的一項(xiàng)新調(diào)查意外發(fā)現(xiàn)，有這些相對(duì)“健康”生活習(xí)慣的中國(guó)青少年反而容易超重。

這項(xiàng)涉及9000多名中國(guó)青少年的調(diào)查顯示，造成青少年超重的原因可能中西有別，不能一概而論。研究人員認(rèn)為，這可能是由于文化差異以及中國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型期生活方式的變化所致。

這項(xiàng)調(diào)查由美國(guó)南加利福尼亞大學(xué)的研究人員完成。他們?cè)谥袊?guó)哈爾濱、沈陽、武漢、成都、昆明、杭州和青島7個(gè)城市進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，受調(diào)查對(duì)象為初中及高中生，來自高、中、低不同收入的家庭。

調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，中國(guó)和西方青少年體重超標(biāo)有一些共同原因，如睡眠少和看電視時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，但不同之處更多。其中引人注目的一項(xiàng)就是，相對(duì)吃蔬菜較多、吃糖和快餐較少的中國(guó)青少年容易超重，而在西方，甜食和快餐被認(rèn)為是發(fā)胖的重要原因之一。

Other differences included： frequently taking part in intense exercises are more likely to gain weight， and teenagers with higher educational level and higher income tend to overweight， which is in opposite to the West.

It also found that boys in China are more likely gain weight than girls， while the rates being overweight for boys and girls in America are basically same.

Researchers also pointed out that the findings of this investigation could serve as the final conclusion. Because the questionnaire survey was conducted across different regions， and there might exist accidents. What’s more， description of their own lifestyles by the objects may not be accurate. On the impact of various factors on teenagers’ weight， more researches are required.

其他不同之處還有：經(jīng)常參加激烈體育活動(dòng)的中國(guó)青少年更容易超重；父母受教育水平高和收入較高的中國(guó)青少年更易超重，這與西方國(guó)家的情況也相反。

調(diào)查還發(fā)現(xiàn)，中國(guó)的男孩比女孩更易超重，而美國(guó)男孩和女孩超重的幾率基本相同；年齡越小的中國(guó)孩子發(fā)胖的幾率越大，在西方則是年齡較大的孩子較易發(fā)胖。

研究人員說，調(diào)查結(jié)果不能作為最終結(jié)論，因?yàn)閱柧碚{(diào)查是跨地區(qū)進(jìn)行，可能存在一些偶然因素，被調(diào)查對(duì)象關(guān)于自身生活習(xí)慣的報(bào)告也可能不準(zhǔn)確。關(guān)于各種因素對(duì)青少年體重的影響，需要更多的研究確認(rèn)。