摘 要: 圍繞如何提高無線自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Ad Hoc)吞吐量,相對于傳統(tǒng)基于碼率控制機(jī)制,提出基于傳輸功率和傳輸碼率聯(lián)合控制的方法,研究了基于物理層純ALOHA協(xié)議的Ad Hoc網(wǎng)絡(luò)在不同傳輸功率和傳輸碼率條件下的容量,構(gòu)建多碼率控制Ad Hoc數(shù)學(xué)模型,討論模型中不同參數(shù)的具體計(jì)算方法,通過對鏈路增益函數(shù)的簡化近似,計(jì)算并修正了網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量的表達(dá)式。分別對含有200個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)和100個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的Ad Hoc網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行OPNET仿真,結(jié)果表明理論與仿真曲線十分接近,證明建立的系統(tǒng)模型很好地反映了網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量隨傳輸功率的變化關(guān)系。
關(guān)鍵詞: 網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量; 功率優(yōu)化; 多碼率控制; Ad Hoc
中圖分類號: TN929.5?34 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼: A 文章編號: 1004?373X(2015)09?0009?03
Scheme for Ad Hoc transmission power optimization based on code rate control
GE Liang1, WU Cheng?qian2, WU Dan3, YANG Mao?fan1
(1. Unit 93197 of PLA, Shenyang 110044, China; 2. Unit 93886 of PLA, Urumqi 830000, China; 3. Unit 93246 of PLA, Changchun 130000, China)
Abstract:To improve the network throughput of Ad Hoc, corresponding to the traditional code rate control method, the combined control method based on transmission power and transmission code rate is proposed. The capacity of Ad Hoc network under the conditions of different transmission power and transmission code rate based on the pure ALOHA protocol of the physical layer is discussed. The Ad Hoc mathematical model with multi?code rate control is built. The calculating method of the parameters in model is discussed. The expression of the network throughput is calculated and revised by simplification and approximation of the link gain function. OPNET simulation for Ad Hoc network with 200 nodes and 100 nodes was performed separately. The result indicates that the simulation curves are close to the theoretic curves, and proves that the system model can reflect the aviation of the network throughput with the transmission power quite well.
Keywords: network throughput; power optimization; variable code rate control; Ad Hoc
0 引 言
作為無中心、自組織的對等網(wǎng)絡(luò),無線自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Ad Hoc)已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于音視頻傳輸?shù)雀鞣N系統(tǒng)中[1]。Ad Hoc對網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量要求較高,而傳輸功率、傳輸碼率、干擾以及空間復(fù)用等多種因素影響網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量[2?3],因此,研究這些參數(shù)的優(yōu)化問題可以有效提高Ad Hoc網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量。
目前,已經(jīng)有許多關(guān)于Ad Hoc優(yōu)化傳輸功率算法的研究。隨著多級調(diào)制技術(shù)和編碼速率控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展,碼率控制機(jī)制被認(rèn)為是一種提高Ad Hoc吞吐量的行之有效方法,然而,通過對傳輸功率和傳輸碼率聯(lián)合控制來提高Ad Hoc網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量的研究還比較少。
2 性能分析
考慮一個(gè)Ad Hoc網(wǎng)絡(luò),有200個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)隨機(jī)均勻分布在100 m×100 m的正方形區(qū)域內(nèi),對其進(jìn)行OPNET性能仿真分析,仿真參數(shù)設(shè)置如表1所示。
節(jié)點(diǎn)傳輸范圍即代表傳輸功率,圖1實(shí)際上表示的是Ad Hoc網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量隨節(jié)點(diǎn)傳輸功率的變化關(guān)系。從圖1中可以看出,理論與仿真曲線十分接近;隨著節(jié)點(diǎn)傳輸功率的增大,網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量先增加到某個(gè)最大值,然后逐漸減小。這個(gè)結(jié)果可以解釋為:當(dāng)節(jié)點(diǎn)傳輸功率低于某個(gè)門限值時(shí),傳輸碼率越大,網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量越大;當(dāng)節(jié)點(diǎn)傳輸功率高于這個(gè)門限值時(shí),隨著碼率的增大,網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的干擾越來越大,導(dǎo)致吞吐量降低。圖1給出的結(jié)果表明,建立的網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量模型能夠較好地反映網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量與節(jié)點(diǎn)傳輸功率的關(guān)系。
對網(wǎng)絡(luò)中含有100個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的情況,在相同仿真參數(shù)設(shè)置條件下進(jìn)行仿真分析,得到的仿真數(shù)值如表2所示。
表2 仿真數(shù)值結(jié)果
[節(jié)點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)\理論最優(yōu)傳輸范圍 /m\仿真最優(yōu)傳輸范圍 /m\100\10.87\11.31\200\7.14\7.99\]
從表2可以看出,使網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量最大化的優(yōu)化傳輸范圍隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)密度的變化而變化,當(dāng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)過多時(shí),傳輸范圍會降低。
3 結(jié) 論
本文研究了多碼速率控制下的Ad Hoc網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量與傳輸功率的變化關(guān)系,圍繞如何提高Ad Hoc網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量,建立了數(shù)學(xué)分析模型,對不同傳輸功率和傳輸碼率進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,詳細(xì)計(jì)算并修正了網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量表達(dá)式,通過OPNET仿真,得到了網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量隨傳輸距離(即傳輸功率)的變化關(guān)系,討論了優(yōu)化傳輸距離與網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)密度關(guān)系,仿真結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了本文提出數(shù)學(xué)模型的正確性。本文得出的結(jié)論對Ad Hoc網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)具有一定借鑒意義。
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