\"Transcribe Chinese vowels a， o， e ten times respectively； complete the worksheet of mental abacus calculation on page 4-5 before handing it to the parents for inspection； recite the content on page 15 which should be inspected and sighed by the parents.\" Every afternoon， on her way home after school， Ms Zhang will always receive the assignments for her daughter Miaomiao in the form of mobile texts. The first thing of Miaomiao， an only 5-year-old girl， upon going home， is to take out the textbooks and do assignments.

\"Is her assignment too much？\" Ms. Zhang asked me puzzlingly. As puzzling as her is Miaomiao herself， \"Mommy， I want to play. How about letting go of my homework？\" as a matter of fact， this is not an isolated case.

Recent days， Beijing Municipal Education Commission organized and hold a Special Workshop on Preventing and Rectifying the Trend of Preschool \"Turning Elementary Schools\"， reiterating the requirements of certain documents to prohibit this wrong trend. The meeting requires all districts and county governments to finish the self-inspection of preschools from the date to middle April. And the education department is responsible for supervision and examination. In fact， rectifying this wrong trend is not the latest measure and the State Education Department had issued bans many years ago. Then， why does this trend remains till now？ And did the ban only correct the shallow symptoms while neglecting the inner bane？ Worldwide， how does a preschooler spend his or her day？

“請將韻母a、o、e分別抄寫十遍；珠心算4-5頁練習(xí)完成后請家長檢查并簽字；第15頁背誦家長檢查并簽字?！泵康较挛缑缑绶艑W(xué)后，張女士接孩子的路上老師布置的家庭作業(yè)就會以短信的形式到來。年僅5歲的苗苗，從幼兒園放學(xué)后的第一件事是掏出課本，開始完成作業(yè)。

“這作業(yè)布置的是不是太多了？”張女士困惑地問記者。與她一樣有困惑的還有苗苗本人，“媽媽，我想去玩兒，能不能不寫作業(yè)？”實(shí)際上，這不是苗苗一個(gè)人所遭遇的難題。

近日，中國北京市教委組織召開防止和糾正幼兒園“小學(xué)化”現(xiàn)象專項(xiàng)工作會，重申相關(guān)文件要求，嚴(yán)禁幼兒園“小學(xué)化”傾向。會議指出，要求各區(qū)縣從即日起至4月中旬，完成幼兒園自查，區(qū)縣教育部門進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)督查。事實(shí)上，治理幼兒園“小學(xué)化”并不是最新的舉措，多年前中國教育部就對此下過禁令。那么，為何這種風(fēng)氣會屢禁不止？嚴(yán)禁的禁令是否又是“頭疼醫(yī)頭腳疼醫(yī)腳”之舉？在國際上，幼兒園的孩子又是怎樣度過自己的一天的？

Preschool \"turning into elementary school\"

“小學(xué)化”之風(fēng)吹進(jìn)幼兒園

\"Sitting around the table， eating the candies\" will recall many people's memories in China， especially those days at preschool. Usually， preschool teachers would let the kids sit in a row and hand out stuff， like food， drawing paper， pencil， etc... While the trend of so-called preschool \"turning into elementary school\" refers to the phenomenon that let the preschool kids receive cultural course intended for elementary students and teach them arithmetic， Chinese， English， calligraphy in the form of classes. Some preschools even set the teaching goal of \"learning 1，000 Chinese characters， reciting 60 ancient poems， and skillfully calculating plus and minus operation lower than 100. In fact， \"turning into elementary school\" amounts to making kids study the knowledge which are planned for elementary school students prescribed by law.

Parents awaiting kids outside the preschools when school is about to be over seem have more resonance over this trend. In three or five they cluster and chat， \"I heard your kid Xiaoxi already can calculate minus and plus operation beyond 20？\" \"The assignment yesterday is a bit of difficult， what about Dongdong， he finds it easy？\" and the chats are more about interest-oriented class. \"Do you sign up the piano class for your kid？ Do you pay for the calligraphy class？ Do you think we should register more other interest-oriented classes？\" …These remarks recur a lot when I pass by a certain preschool.

“排排坐，吃果果”，在中國，提起這句話就會勾起很多人的回憶，尤其是學(xué)齡前階段的幼兒園時(shí)光。通常，幼兒園老師會讓孩子們坐成一排，然后分發(fā)物品，如食物，繪圖紙，鉛筆等等。而所謂的幼兒園“小學(xué)化”現(xiàn)象，特指“讓學(xué)齡前兒童接受小學(xué)生文化課教育，以上課方式學(xué)算數(shù)、語文、英語、書法等，甚至有學(xué)校提出‘認(rèn)讀1000個(gè)漢字，背誦60首古詩，熟練進(jìn)行100以內(nèi)加減運(yùn)算’等教學(xué)目標(biāo)。實(shí)質(zhì)上，‘小學(xué)化’就是提前了法律規(guī)定的小學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)課堂知識的年齡?！?/p>

對這樣的現(xiàn)象，聚集在校門外等待孩子放學(xué)的家長似乎更深有體會，他們?nèi)?、五個(gè)聚在一起，更多討論的是“聽說你們家小西都會20以內(nèi)的加減法了？”，又或者是“昨天老師布置的英語作業(yè)有點(diǎn)難，你家東東會嗎？”，還有更多關(guān)于興趣班的討論，“學(xué)校的鋼琴班你們報(bào)了嗎？書法班你們交錢了嗎？還要不要再報(bào)點(diǎn)其他興趣班？”……諸如此類的討論，在記者路過某幼兒園門口時(shí)，總會聽到。

In a random survey， six parents told me that they at least sign up two interest-oriented classes for their kid. Boys more likely register hard-tipped pen calligraphically works， while girls more likely sign up for language expression classes.\"The teacher asked every one of us to choose， at most two. If over two， fees are charged，\" said by a mother. \"I also sign up a dance class and a drawing class for my daughter at Saturdays and Sundays，\" Ms Li added. Then Ms Zhao said， \"my kid will sign up for Chinese Weiqi grading， and his teakwood now is already upgraded to greenish yellow level.\"

Sure， comparing with worries on which class they will sigh up for their kid， they showed more worries in assignments. \"it's a troubling thing for the kid to do homework，\" a parent opened his phone calendar app to the journalist， which shows that he barely has any time to rest after work， except those time to accompany his kid to the extra classes at every weekends. Also tutoring kids in assignment is also an staple task for him.

經(jīng)過隨機(jī)采訪，有6位家長告訴記者，她們給孩子報(bào)了至少兩種興趣班，男孩子以硬筆書法類居多，女孩子以語言表達(dá)類居多?！皩W(xué)校的興趣班老師讓每人都得選，至多選兩種，超過兩種以上另外收費(fèi)?！逼渲械囊晃粙寢尡硎尽！拔抑芰⒅苋者€在別的地方給她報(bào)了舞蹈班和繪畫班”，一位李姓女士跟記者補(bǔ)充道。隨后，一位趙姓女士也向記者表示，“我家孩子5月份將會進(jìn)行圍棋定級，他的跆拳道也已經(jīng)升級到了綠黃帶?！?/p>

當(dāng)然，在提起該讓孩子參加哪個(gè)興趣班家長很糾結(jié)的同時(shí)，家長表達(dá)了更多的憂愁，“平常，孩子做作業(yè)是令人操心的大問題?！币晃患议L打開自己手機(jī)的日歷表給記者看，除去每周周末和孩子一同上課外班的時(shí)間，他下班后基本上沒有多少可休息的時(shí)間。每晚輔導(dǎo)孩子做功課是他的必備科目。

\"Too much assignments， plus kids do not like sitting for too long， rarely can he finish homework before 9 pm.\"

\"Many assignments are too complicated， such as 'making a beloved toy with an easy-pull can'， how can he finish it without my help？\"

\"Except spelling out English words， I have to teach her to differentiate the pronunciation of Chinese consonants and vowels， and inspect her arithmetic work. Too much work for her that I sometimes want to do it for her.\"

...

When the school was over and the bell rings out， I found dozens of 4 or 5 year old little boys or girls carrying big schoolbags appear before their parents who were just pouring grievance to me.

“作業(yè)多，加上小孩兒沒什么定性，幾乎很少有晚上九點(diǎn)之前完成的情況?！?/p>

“很多作業(yè)設(shè)置的比較復(fù)雜，譬如‘用易拉罐制作心愛的玩具’，如果沒有大人幫忙，他根本完成不了?！?/p>

“除了拼寫英文單詞，教她分清聲母、韻母的發(fā)音，還要檢查算術(shù)題目。作業(yè)太多了，我都恨不得替她寫?！?/p>

……

當(dāng)放學(xué)的鈴聲響起時(shí)，記者看到在大吐苦水的家長眼前，是一個(gè)個(gè)背著大大書包走來的或4歲或5歲的小男孩、小女孩。

The downsides of

\"Hurried kids\"

“拔苗助長”危害多

\"Do not transfer your own kids. They are born to be human and free and their freedom belongs to no one but themselves. Except them， no one has the right to dispose it，\" said by Rousseau， French englightment thinker in his work Emile. He stressed that education should follow nature and the instinct of children.

As it is well known， among children's instincts， one is the fondness of nature and playing. In China's traditional education， there is a bad example--\"Pity on Zhongyong\". The harms of \"hurried kids\" are also frequently mentioned by experts and scholars specialized in education.

Dong Xiuling from Education Bureau of Dongming County， Shandong Province， China once wrote， the preschool education \"turning into elementary\" arrested the instinct of young kids and grab away their joy. This practice deprives the kid the opportunity of learning， creating and exploring， and genius was killed in the bud. Besides， it is also against the normal health development of kids and jeopardizing the kids' health. For instance， focusing attention for a long time will cause brain fatigue and damage in nervous system； having normative studies too early and too much is harmful the development of muscle and bones of kids， generating malign symptoms like nearsigntedness， humpback， emaciation， etc.； and it will neglect the cultivation of non-intellectual factors and go against the formation of good habits of kids.\"

“不要轉(zhuǎn)讓自己的孩子。孩子們生來就是人，并且是自由的；他們的自由屬于他們自己。除了他們之外。任何人都無權(quán)加以處置?！睅装倌昵埃▏鴨⒚伤枷爰冶R梭在其著作《愛彌兒》中如是描述，他強(qiáng)調(diào)的教育是應(yīng)該遵循自然，順應(yīng)兒童的天性。

眾所周知，兒童天性中很重要的一條是熱愛自由，愛好玩耍。早前，在中國的傳統(tǒng)教育中，就有“傷仲永”之說，而“拔苗助長”的危害也被教育方面的專家、學(xué)者提及。

來自中國山東省東明縣教育局的董秀玲即撰文表示，“‘小學(xué)化’教育扼殺了幼兒的天性，剝奪了幼兒的快樂?！W(xué)化’的幼兒教育方式使幼兒失去了學(xué)習(xí)、創(chuàng)造、和探索的機(jī)會，天才被扼殺在搖籃之中；此外，也不利于幼兒身體的正常發(fā)育，危害了幼兒的身體健康。如長時(shí)間集中注意力，大腦容易疲勞，會造成神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)傷害；過早過多進(jìn)行規(guī)范性學(xué)習(xí)，不利于孩子肌肉、骨骼的發(fā)育，會導(dǎo)致幼兒近視、駝背、消瘦等身體上的不良癥狀的產(chǎn)生；還有，會忽視幼兒非智力因素的培養(yǎng)，不利于幼兒良好行為習(xí)慣的形成?！?/p>

In addition， kids' fondness of playing is matched with their attention. Research found that， the younger the kid is， the shorter their focus is which is in proportion with the age； at 3， it's 9 minutes； at 4， it's 12 minutes； at 5， it's 14 minutes. \"If staying focused on a certain item， brain fatigue will be triggered and harm will be caused to the nervous system. However， compulsory infusion education not only wastes the playing time of kids， but also cause damages to its creativity and imagination. To some extent， some kids may be weary of studying，\" said by an expert.

At the meantime， expert also said， the real education is to teach while playing， learn while playing， grasping principles in applied practice. Pointless transcription and reciting without understanding is only mechanic repletion and goes against the growth of kids.

此外，提及幼兒緣何天生愛玩耍，是與其專注力相匹配的。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與年齡成正比，年紀(jì)越小專注力時(shí)間越短：3歲約為9分鐘，4歲約為12分鐘，5歲約為14分鐘。“若長期專注于某個(gè)事項(xiàng)，對幼兒來說，無外乎會引起大腦疲勞，對神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)造成傷害。而強(qiáng)制性灌輸教育，既浪費(fèi)孩子玩耍的時(shí)間，又無疑對其創(chuàng)新能力和想象力造成損傷，某種程度上會使得幼兒產(chǎn)生厭學(xué)情緒。”有專家對此表示。

與此同時(shí)，專家還表示，真正的教育是寓教于樂，在玩耍中學(xué)會知識，在實(shí)踐運(yùn)用中掌握原理。無意義的抄寫，沒有理解性的背誦只是機(jī)械式的重復(fù)，對幼兒的成長不利。

Moreover， some statics in a 2011 survey targeted at 500 parents and 100 preschool teachers in Wuhan， Beijing and other cities showed that， 70% of the teachers said explicitly that imparting knowledge ahead of time to the kids is not good for the growth of kids. Pressing pressure in advance will also obliterate kids' imagination. The physical and nervous system of kids are both very fragile. This trend do harm rather than good to the physical and mental development of kids.

Fu Zhifeng， Deputy Director of Beijing Municipal Education Commission intonated in an interview that， \"preschool at all level and of all genre should pay attention the body and mental health of kids， cultivate good behaviors for kids who should feel rules in games and activities and understand the surrounding work， so as to strive for a healthy and joyous growth environment of the kids，\" which also testifies that this trend is nothing but a tie-up for the instincts of preschoolers.

此外，相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2011年中國社會調(diào)查所對武漢、北京等地500名幼兒家長和100名幼兒教師進(jìn)行調(diào)查，有七成教師明確表示超前傳授知識不利于孩子成長，提前加壓還會抹殺孩子的想象力。幼兒的身體機(jī)能和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)都很脆弱，“小學(xué)化”傾向?qū)τ變旱纳硇陌l(fā)展有害無益。

北京市教委副主任付志峰在接受媒體采訪時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)：“各級各類幼兒園應(yīng)關(guān)注幼兒身心健康，培養(yǎng)幼兒良好的行為習(xí)慣，在游戲和活動中感知規(guī)則，認(rèn)識周圍世界，為實(shí)現(xiàn)幼兒的健康快樂成長而努力?！边@也印證了幼兒園“小學(xué)化”，是對幼兒天性的禁錮。

Why \"hurried kids\"

recur all the time

“拔苗助長”緣何屢禁不止

Since the society already has a consensus on the harms， why does the trend of \"turning into elementary\" still run wild？

I particular look up the Notice of Prohibiting and Correcting the Trend of \"Turning Elementary\" issued by Ministry of Education of PRC three years ago， which stated \"preschools should follow the development rules for the body and mental health of kids， and correct the teaching material and approaches that 'turn elementary'. Preschools （including kindergartens） should make nursing and teaching work plan scientifically according to the features of their age and law of somatopsychic development of kids， arrange and organize kids' daily life reasonably.\"

Besides， the notice also mentions that \"stick to use games as the basic activities， employ multiple forms including teams， groups and individual activity flexibly to exercise kids' body， stir their inquisitive quest and learning interest to have good ethos and behaviors， and practice， cultivate positive socializing and cooperating ability to boost the harmonious development of body and mental health of kids.\" The notice forbids to teach kids elementary curriculum. \"Preschool should not hold interest-oriented classes， specialty classes and experiment classes and conduct all forms of in-advance teaching and exercise， and should not assign homework.\"

既然，社會對幼兒園“小學(xué)化”教育危害有著普遍的認(rèn)知，但幼兒園“小學(xué)化”教育的風(fēng)氣卻為何仍然屢禁不止？

為此，記者特意查閱了三年前中華人民共和國教育部就關(guān)于規(guī)范幼兒園保育教育工作防止和糾正“小學(xué)化”現(xiàn)象發(fā)布的通知：其中，明確強(qiáng)調(diào)要“遵循幼兒身心發(fā)展規(guī)律，糾正‘小學(xué)化’教育內(nèi)容和方式。幼兒園（含學(xué)前班）要遵循幼兒的年齡特點(diǎn)和身心發(fā)展規(guī)律，科學(xué)制定保教工作計(jì)劃，合理安排和組織幼兒一日生活?！?/p>

并且，通知還特別提到“要堅(jiān)持以游戲?yàn)榛净顒樱`活運(yùn)用集體、小組和個(gè)別活動等多種形式，鍛煉幼兒強(qiáng)健的體魄，激發(fā)探究欲望與學(xué)習(xí)興趣，養(yǎng)成良好的品德與行為習(xí)慣，培養(yǎng)積極的交往與合作能力，促進(jìn)幼兒身心全面和諧發(fā)展。”通知更是嚴(yán)禁幼兒園提前教授小學(xué)教育內(nèi)容。“幼兒園不得以舉辦興趣班、特長班和實(shí)驗(yàn)班為名進(jìn)行各種提前學(xué)習(xí)和強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練活動，不得給幼兒布置家庭作業(yè)?！?/p>

Till now when interviewing parents about governments' new measure against this trend， they replied unanimously， \"no use， inspection is only for a time period， everything return to the old track after that，\" some parents even said， \"Do not teach spelling， and arithmetic？ Then teach what？ What if other preschool still teach these， then my kid will fall behind？\" \"The world is so competitive， there is no way out but learning more. Yes， too much assignments， but later we will finish，\" said by some parents.

An experts signed， the reason for the hurried education is partly ascribed to the lack of inspection and weakness of punishment. Besides， some parents who hold high hopes for their kids do not want their kid lose in the starling line only add fuel to the fire， and the ban is only to little avail.

During the 2015 NPC and CPPCC， Yuan Guiren， Minister of Ministry of Education of PRC said， \"Ministry of Education will take forceful measures to enhance education equality.\" Experts point out that， the scarcity of high-quality primary schools cannot meet the needs of accommodating all preschoolers， which makes some primary school enrollments privately set up entrance exams which do not correspond to the education policy. Preschools and parents want preschoolers to study primary school knowledge so as to prepare for the exams. Hence， the \"hurried kids\" recur all the time.

時(shí)至今日，記者對于北京市再提及幼兒園教育“小學(xué)化”傾向的話題進(jìn)行了采訪，家長中普遍的反應(yīng)是：“沒用的，督查只是一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的，一過了督查時(shí)間估計(jì)就重回原樣了吧?！鄙踔劣屑议L表示，“不教拼音，數(shù)學(xué)，那學(xué)什么？萬一別的學(xué)校還學(xué)，我們家孩子豈不是落在別人后面了嗎？”“社會競爭這么激烈，不多學(xué)點(diǎn)怎么能行，作業(yè)多，慢慢寫能寫完的?！币灿屑议L這樣表示。

有專家感言，對于“拔苗助長”式教育很大一部分原因在于監(jiān)管的缺位和處罰的疲軟。另外，加之一些家長“望子成龍”不愿自己的子女輸在起跑線上愿景的推波助瀾使得禁令收效甚微。

在2015年中國全國兩會期間，中華人民共和國教育部部長袁貴仁表示，“教育部將采取有力措施促進(jìn)教育公平?！睂Υ?，專家也指出由于優(yōu)質(zhì)小學(xué)資源的稀缺，使得在幼小銜接的過程中出現(xiàn)僧多粥少的局面，由此帶來的小學(xué)招生私設(shè)不符教育政策的入學(xué)考試，繼而引發(fā)幼兒園、家長要求幼兒在幼兒園期間學(xué)習(xí)小學(xué)知識以應(yīng)對，也由此導(dǎo)致了“小學(xué)化”教育之風(fēng)的屢禁不止。

Lessons from German，

Japan and Australia

德日澳學(xué)前教育借鑒

As a matter of fact， the practice common in the world is that： Playing is also learning.

According to China Youth News， the preschool of Hamburg， German， is specially designed for preschool （5-year-old） kids whose mental and physical development， and behaviors do not correspond with their ages and their families are unable to give proper education. The aim is to enable these kids to adapt to the class environment and live with harmoniously classmates when entering primary schools. Preschool classes will help these kids to learn not to run wild， behave randomly or interfere with others in class time， but to cooperate with others， grasp the cognition， communication and reading ability， etc.， which other kids of their age should learn.

China Youth Paper recorded a field trip to the Preschool. \"When the light-hearted music rings out， teacher asks the kid to lie down on the gym mats with their eyes closed， to conduct brain imagination exercise as the teacher vividly narrates the view of trains passing through mountains， forests， wilderness， towns， rivers and lakes. Teacher keeps reminding the kids， now do you see the wild flowers on the grassland？ The small houses in the forests？ The fish in the river？ Two parent volunteers sit around to record the performance of every kid. Later the teacher told me， this is thinking imagination class especially for 4 to 5 year old kids， which aims to lead the kids to think quietly and wildly in the form of games. Every lesson should record whether the kids quite down into imaginary language description， etc.. The records will again return to the parents who will be familiar with the kids' mental and physical developments so as to conduct better family education accordingly.\"

實(shí)際上，在國際上的通行慣例是，玩——也是一種學(xué)習(xí)。

此前，據(jù)《中國青年報(bào)》報(bào)道，德國漢堡小學(xué)的學(xué)前班，是專門為一些心智發(fā)育行為舉止與年齡不符而家庭又無法給予合適教育的學(xué)齡前（5歲）兒童提供幫助而設(shè)置，以便他們?nèi)胄W(xué)后能夠順利適應(yīng)上課環(huán)境，與人和諧相處。學(xué)前班會幫助這些孩子學(xué)會在課堂上不能亂跑、亂動妨礙影響別人，學(xué)會與人交往合作，掌握這個(gè)年齡段孩子應(yīng)該具備的識別能力、語言交流能力、閱覽能力等。

另外，該報(bào)還報(bào)道了記者親身參與德國幼兒園的實(shí)地教育情況。“輕快的音樂響起，老師讓孩子們躺在體操墊子上安靜閉目，隨著老師繪聲繪色地講述火車穿過高山森林原野農(nóng)莊河流湖泊，進(jìn)行大腦想象訓(xùn)練。老師不時(shí)提醒，看見草地上的野花了嗎？看見森林里的小房子了嗎？小河里有沒有魚？旁邊有兩位自愿助課的家長，幫忙記錄每個(gè)孩子的表現(xiàn)。后來老師告訴我，這是專門針對4至5歲兒童進(jìn)行的思維想象課，以游戲的方式引導(dǎo)孩子們安靜思考，豐富聯(lián)想。每次課須記錄孩子能否安靜下來進(jìn)入想象語言描述等等。記錄還要交給家長，以便家長熟知自己孩子身心發(fā)育情況并配合以進(jìn)行家庭教育?！?/p>

According to some statistics， related requirements of Japan on preschool education， teaching of language， arithmetic， and English is forbidden in classes. The main education goal is to cultivate kids with good living habits， common sense and ability of living in a group and with others. Meanwhile， kids can learn necessary knowledge through games， sports， handworks， etc.. Of course， what's worth mentioning is the big feature of Japan's preschool education： multifarious outdoor activities to make kids closer to the nature and cultivate healthy mind and body through fun and games. Japan also emphasizes guiding the education methods of parents. For instance， they opened moms' class， parents' class. It is learned that learning classes are divided into two kinds， one is targeted at parents of children and infants， and the other is targeted at parents-to-be. The study curriculum mainly comprises infant psychology， physiological hygiene， family education principal， and so on.

While in Australia， preschool features on human and flexible cultivation of children. The main job of teacher is to let the kids have fun in preschool so as to build an independent personality and a partnership with their peers. Besides the teachers， assistant nurses for little children will help teachers to look after infant's diet and daily life. Kids can positively learn the world by experiencing personally and demonstration in games and entertainments.

此外，據(jù)相關(guān)資料顯示，在日本國內(nèi)幼兒教育有相關(guān)規(guī)定，不能在課堂上教授文字、算術(shù)和英語，主要教育目的是讓孩子養(yǎng)成良好生活習(xí)慣，懂得基本生活常識，通過集體生活學(xué)會如何與人相處。與此同時(shí)，孩子們可以通過游戲、體育、手工等方式逐步學(xué)習(xí)所需知識。當(dāng)然，值得一提的還有該國幼兒園教育的一大特點(diǎn)是：進(jìn)行五花八門的戶外活動，讓孩子們親近大自然，通過玩樂來培養(yǎng)他們健康的身心和與人相處的能力。與此同時(shí)，日本還是個(gè)注重對父母進(jìn)行教育方式引導(dǎo)的國家。比如，開辦了母親班、雙親班等。據(jù)悉，學(xué)習(xí)班分兩種，一種是以嬰幼兒的父母為對象的學(xué)習(xí)班，另一種是以即將做父母的人為對象的學(xué)習(xí)班。學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容大致是幼兒心理學(xué)、生理衛(wèi)生、家庭教育原理等。

而在澳大利亞，該國幼兒園的特點(diǎn)是人性化、自由化的對兒童進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)。幼兒教師的主要工作是讓孩子在幼兒園里玩得開心，從而培養(yǎng)他們獨(dú)立的人格，幫助他們更好地與同齡人建立伙伴關(guān)系。除了教師之外，還設(shè)置幼兒護(hù)理助理來協(xié)助教師的工作，負(fù)責(zé)照顧幼兒的飲食起居。通過身臨其境，以身示范的方式讓兒童們通過游戲和寓教于樂等方式來積極認(rèn)知這個(gè)世界。