Lesson and Enlightenment of Economy Development in Malaysia

1　Introduction

The economy in Malaysia once developed very quickly and it drew attention from economists from all over the world.Although disrupted by financial crisis,the economy in Malaysia recovered again.The economy development in Malaysia has gone through a transformation era and the economy has formed its special characteristics.In the process,there are many lessonslearnedandthelessonscangive enlightenmentstoothercountriesindeveloping economy,especially China.The paper will study in the economy development in Malaysia and figure out the lessons learned from theprocess,as well as enlightenment to the economy development in China.

2　Developing Process and Characteristics

Malaysiawasestablishedin1957anditis composed of several islands,occupying an area of about330,803squarekilometers.Sincethe establishment of Malaysia,the government made a 5-yeargoal,shiftingtheeconomyinMalaysiafrom primary commodity economy style to manufacturing production style.During the 5 years,the economy structureinMalaysiachangedalotandthe governmentmadeanother20-yearplanforthe economydevelopment.Thegoalofeconomy development is to eliminate poverty and rebuild the society.In order to realize the goal,the government attractedforeigninvestmentactivelyandMalaysia developedtooneoftheemergingtigersinEast Asian for its economy.The GDP in Malaysia keeps growing about 7%-8%every year.Unfortunately,a financial crisis spread the Asia and the economy in Malaysia was greatly influenced.With the efforts of thegovernment,theeconomyinMalaysiahas developedsincetheestablishmentofthecountry. (Athukorala&Menon,1999)

Viewing the economy development of Malaysia, thedevelopmentprocesshassomespecific characteristics.Firstly,thecharacteristicsare determined by the complicated situation in Malaysia. As is known,Malaysia is a multi-ethnic country and itParliamentarydemocracyisthemainpolitical system in the country.Theeconomicdevelopment shouldtaketheinterestsofdifferentracesinto consideration.Besides,the government contributes a lot in the economic development.On the one hand, thegovernmentmadeplanfortheeconomy development.On the other hand,the government is also active in attracting foreign investments.Lastly, the economy development in Malaysia is quick and stable with the effort of the whole country and the communication with the whole world.

3　Lessons Learned from Economy Development in Malaysia

Thedevelopingprocessoftheeconomyin Malaysia leaves people valuable experiences.During the development process,Malaysia had carried out manyeffectivemeasurestopromotetheeconomy development.Meanwhile,it is unavoidable forthe country to make some mistakes during the process. Anyway,people should learn some lessons from the economy development process in Malaysia.

Firstly,thegovernmentpoliciesplayedan important role in establishing basis for the economy development in Malaysia.In the early 1970s,“new economypolicy”wascarriedouttoprotectthe interests of native people in Malaysia after a fierce ethnicconflictin1969.(Ang,2008)Besides,thegovernmentalsoprovidedspecialfundtosupport local companies.Although the“new economy policy”playedanimportantroleconsideringthespecial situation at that time,the drawbacks of the policy couldnotbeconquered.Facingthenegative developmentcausedbythepolicyin1991,the governmentlaunched“newcountrydevelopment policy”.Itwasthoughtthatequitabledistribution could not improve the living level of all the citizens. Therefore,thegovernment made development as the maintaskandemphasizedthebalanceof development and benefit distribution.Meanwhile,the cooperation between different races was encouraged. Duetotheimplementationofthecountry development policy,the living situation of people in Malaysia was improved gradually and the relationship between different races became more harmony.The implementation of the policy lays solid foundation for the high-speed economy development in Malaysia. While the government is emphasizing development,it never gave up eliminating poverty and supporting the local companies.However,the execution mode was quite different from the beginning and it was mainly realizedthroughpolicyguidance,talentcultivation andemployment care.All inall,thegovernment policies were very important in the beginning era of economy development in Malaysia.The government shouldtaketheroletopromoteeconomy developmentandrealizethatdevelopmentisthe primary task.

Secondly,foreign investment can play a crucial role in theprimary stage of industrialization,however, it may be less influential on industries upgrade and overalleconomyincrease.Since1980s,Malaysia begantoattractforeigninvestments.Atthe beginning,thegovernment providedgreatprivilege forforeigninvestment.During1987to1993, Malaysiaattractedmorethan20billion,which accountedformorethan60%ofthewhole investment in Malaysia.The foreign investments not only contributed to the economic recovery in 1987, but also speed up the pace of industrialization.Since 1987,the proportion of manufacturing industry began to exceed agriculture.(Jomo&Chen,1997)However, the great proportion of foreign investment in Malaysia alsocausednegativeinfluencesontheeconomy. Since the investment from foreign countries always took interests and profit as the most important,the capital in Malaysia flew out gradually,which led to the financial deficit in Malaysia.Besides,the foreign investmentwasmainlyinthelaborconcentrated industry,whichneedslessinvestment.Toomuch foreign investment also brought great challenges to thefinancialmarketinMalaysia.Facingthe problems,thegovernmentcarriedouteffective measures to guide theforeigninvestment.Foreign investmentcanbeusedtopromotetheeconomy developmentandthegovernmentshouldtake effective measures to guide the foreign investment.

Lastly,the advantage of cheap labor force will notlastlonganditisnecessarytoenhance educationandimprovetheoverallnationalquality. Usually,the labor force was cheap at the beginning whentheeconomywasrelativelylaggard.However, with the development of economy,the labor force willbeinadequate,whichwillbringaseriesof problems,suchasinsufficientproductioncapacity, highsalaryandinfluxofforeignworkers.The advantages of cheap labor force will disappear.It is necessary to improve the quality of citizens.As is known,educationcanplayacrucialrolein improvingquality.TheMalaysiagovernment emphasized education and carried out relative laws to guaranteethepopularizationofeducation.Only people with high quality can be more competitive.It isadvisableforthegovernmenttorealizethe disappearanceofadvantages oncheaplaborforce and enhance education all over the country.

4　Enlightenmentfor Chinese Econonmy Develop ment

The economy development in Malaysia is worthy deep research.Since China is seizing for effective ways to develop economy and improve the GDP,it is advisableforChinatousetheexperiencein Malaysia for example.Considering the development process of the economy in Malaysia,there is some enlightenment for Chinese economy development.

Firstly,itisnecessarytopromotethe globalization.Duringtheprocessofeconomy development in Malaysia,opening to the world is a veryimportantfactorthatmakestheeconomyin Malaysia develop quickly and stably.Meanwhile,the process of opening should be progressive and down toearth.Infact,theeconomyinChinahas developedquicklysinceChinajoinedWTO.The achievementsinChineseeconomyalsorevealthe importance of opening to the world.However,it is unavoidable to meet some fractions in internationaltrade.Chinashouldhandlewiththerelationship between opening and stability in the country.On the one hand,China needs to adhere to the reform and opening-up policy.Meanwhile,the country should also be ready to deal with the crisis that may be caused by the opening policy.

Secondly,thedirectionofmarketingisvery importantandthecountryshouldpayenough attention to the marketing.During all the countries that developed quickly during the era,Malaysia was thecountrythatcarriedoutmarketprinciples completely and effectively.However,there are many factors thatmayplayroleinnowadays,suchas governmentpolicies.Chinaisinthepositionof socialist market economy.The role of government is stillimportantatpresent.Eventhough,the governmentshouldpaymoreattentiontothe marketing direction and let the market play its own role in the economy development process.(Tongning,2008)

Last but not least,the government should pay attention to the cultivation and distribution of talent capital.In Malaysia,many talents who were expert in advanced technologies had to leave the country because of the unequal treatment.Since the drain of qualifiedtalents,theuniversitieshadfew achievements.Thesituationwassimilarinthe company.Lackofqualifiedtalentsmadethe companies not capable in research and innovation.In fact,the issue is normal in Asian countries.In most countries,thetalentcapitalisnotgivenenough attention,which may block the economy development in the long run.China should realize the importance of talent capital and carry out effective measures to attract and cultivate qualified talents.(Abdelal& Alfaro,2003)

5　Conclusion

Thepaperhasstudiedintheeconomy development process in Malaysia,based on which the paper summarizes the characteristics of economy in Malaysia.SinceMalaysiaoncedevelopedvery quickly and attracted great attention,the experience of Malaysia should be learned by other countries and China can get some enlightenment from the economy development process in Malaysia.

References:

[1]Athukorala,P.C.,&Menon,J.(1999).Outward orientation and economic development in Malaysia. The World Economy,22(8),1119-1139.

[2]Ang,J.B.(2008).Economic development,pollutant emissionsandenergyconsumptioninMalaysia. Journal of Policy Modeling,30(2),271-278.

[3]Jomo,K.S.,&Ch?en,Y.C.(1997).Southeast Asia's Misunderstood Miracle:industrial policy and economicdevelopmentinThailand,Malaysiaand Indonesia(pp.1-56).Boulder:Westview Press.

[4]Abdelal,R.,&Alfaro,L.(2003).Capital and control:lessons from Malaysia.Challenge,46(4),36-53.

[5]Tong-ning,L.(2008).International Comparison and Enlightenment of Investment Rate&Investment Efficiency[J].Asia-Pacific Economic Review,2,009.

□蘇比努爾·阿里木

（新疆醫(yī)科大學人文社科部新疆烏魯木齊830011）

馬來西亞的經濟曾經發(fā)展得很好，吸引了世界許多經濟學家的注意，盡管受到金融危機的沖擊，馬來西亞的經濟不僅恢復發(fā)展勢頭，而且成功渡過它的轉型期，形成了自已的特色。在這個過程中，有很多值得其他國家借鑒的經驗，特別是中國。本文對此多角度論述，希望對中國的經濟發(fā)展有啟迪作用。

馬來西亞曰經濟曰轉型期曰金融危機

1004-7026（2015）05-0126-03中國圖書分類號：F13/17

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