姜海龍谷琳琳,2秦貴信?車東升張海全,2李易紅(.吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動(dòng)物科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院,長春08;2.長春市奕澤生物科技有限公司,長春08;.遼寧禾豐牧業(yè)股份有限公司,沈陽064)
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飼糧能量對(duì)家畜卵泡發(fā)育及其相關(guān)基因表達(dá)的影響
姜海龍1谷琳琳1,2秦貴信1?車東升1張海全1,2李易紅3
(1.吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動(dòng)物科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院,長春130118;2.長春市奕澤生物科技有限公司,長春130118;3.遼寧禾豐牧業(yè)股份有限公司,沈陽110164)
摘 要:卵泡發(fā)育是家畜繁殖的基礎(chǔ),飼糧能量通過調(diào)控體內(nèi)營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)濃度、相關(guān)激素水平及mRNA表達(dá)等多方面影響家畜的卵泡發(fā)育。本文從飼糧能量水平、能源結(jié)構(gòu)等方面綜述能量對(duì)家畜卵泡發(fā)育的影響,并從能量對(duì)生殖激素、細(xì)胞增殖相關(guān)調(diào)控因子及營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白等基因的調(diào)控方面簡述其分子調(diào)控機(jī)制,為進(jìn)一步研究能量對(duì)家畜繁殖性能的影響及其機(jī)理提供參考。
關(guān)鍵詞:能量;家畜;卵泡發(fā)育;mRNA表達(dá)
動(dòng)物卵泡發(fā)育始于胚胎期,在卵泡發(fā)育的復(fù)雜過程中,99.9%以上的卵泡會(huì)發(fā)生閉鎖,僅有很少一部分可以發(fā)育成熟至排卵[1-3]。故而,在卵泡發(fā)育過程中調(diào)控卵泡閉鎖率、成熟卵泡數(shù),進(jìn)而增加排卵數(shù)有很大的研究空間。這對(duì)畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)中對(duì)改善家畜繁殖性能、提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益有重要意義。飼糧能量和其他營養(yǎng)因素影響卵母細(xì)胞的健康發(fā)育,其主要是因?yàn)檫@些因素影響卵泡生長的微環(huán)境———卵泡液,它是卵泡發(fā)育的基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境,直接受機(jī)體變化影響[4]。已有大量研究證實(shí),飼糧能量通過影響體內(nèi)營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)濃度(如葡萄糖、脂肪酸)、相關(guān)激素水平[如胰島素、促卵泡激素(FSH)]等影響卵泡發(fā)育[5-6],然而,其報(bào)道結(jié)果卻略有差異。如Comin等[7]研究表明,奶牛產(chǎn)后降低飼糧能量濃度顯著降低雌二醇濃度,但對(duì)卵泡直徑卻沒有顯著影響;而Diskin等[8]卻指出,限飼顯著降低了優(yōu)勢(shì)卵泡的最大直徑。Caldari?Torres等[9]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),提高奶牛能量攝入顯著提高循環(huán)孕酮濃度,而Jahani?Moghadam[10]卻指出,補(bǔ)飼脂肪對(duì)循環(huán)孕酮濃度沒有顯著影響。綜合分析,能量水平、能源結(jié)構(gòu)、時(shí)間、環(huán)境等因素都可能是產(chǎn)生差異的原因,再加上體內(nèi)基因表達(dá)的差異,故而,進(jìn)一步研究能量水平、能源結(jié)構(gòu)等因素對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育的影響有重要意義。本文總結(jié)近年來國內(nèi)外相關(guān)報(bào)道,從能量水平、能源結(jié)構(gòu)等方面綜述飼糧能量對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育的影響,并簡述能量對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育相關(guān)基因表達(dá)的調(diào)控,為進(jìn)一步研究能量對(duì)家畜卵泡發(fā)育的影響提供參考。
能量是動(dòng)物繁殖、生長的基礎(chǔ),在卵泡復(fù)雜的增殖變化過程中飼糧能量起了至關(guān)重要的作用。飼糧營養(yǎng)濃度影響著哺乳動(dòng)物發(fā)情間隔、排卵數(shù)及胚胎存活等方面。早期研究證實(shí),飼糧能量水平通過改變體內(nèi)胰島素濃度,影響了機(jī)體內(nèi)繁殖激素水平及卵泡的發(fā)育[7-8,11]。奶牛產(chǎn)后限飼會(huì)對(duì)泌乳產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響,同時(shí)影響體內(nèi)促性腺激素的分泌,降低卵泡直徑,減少循環(huán)雌二醇濃度,影響卵泡發(fā)育,甚至導(dǎo)致無排卵[12]。也有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),泌乳奶牛急性限飼降低血液循環(huán)胰島素濃度,影響FSH和促黃體生成素(LH)濃度[13]。Wettere等[14]在研究限飼對(duì)母豬卵巢功能和卵母細(xì)胞減速分裂能力的影響時(shí)也發(fā)現(xiàn),后備母豬長期(96 d)限飼降低卵母細(xì)胞減數(shù)分裂能力,使卵泡增長受損程度超過3 mm,影響體外卵母細(xì)胞核成熟。而隨后Swinbourne等[15]則研究指出,短期(14 d)適度營養(yǎng)限飼降低了每日營養(yǎng)攝入量但并不影響卵泡數(shù)及卵母細(xì)胞的發(fā)育能力,這可能是因?yàn)槟芰肯揎晻r(shí)間、程度有所差異。
2.1 碳水化合物對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育的影響
2.1.1 葡萄糖
碳水化合物是生物體維持生命活動(dòng)所需能量的主要來源,包括葡萄糖、蔗糖、淀粉和纖維素等。到目前為止,盡管還沒確定標(biāo)志卵母細(xì)胞質(zhì)量或胚胎質(zhì)量的特定生物標(biāo)志物,但大量研究表明,葡萄糖與卵泡發(fā)育有直接關(guān)系[16],可能是因?yàn)槠咸烟鞘锹涯讣?xì)胞代謝底物的主要來源,并可影響相關(guān)生殖激素水平,進(jìn)而刺激卵泡生長,增加卵泡數(shù)量。如Somchit等[17]發(fā)現(xiàn)提高血液葡萄糖濃度可增加卵泡數(shù)量,并指出葡萄糖濃度與雌二醇濃度呈負(fù)相關(guān);隨后Gallet等[18]也指出母羊黃體期注射葡萄糖刺激卵泡增長,顯著提高血液葡萄糖、胰島素濃度,降低雌二醇濃度,而對(duì)LH和FSH濃度沒有顯著影響。Funahashi等[19]向體外培養(yǎng)的豬卵母細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基中添加或不添加5.55 mmol/L葡萄糖,葡萄糖缺乏時(shí),導(dǎo)致胚泡破裂和卵母細(xì)胞核成熟顯著受阻,可能是因?yàn)槠咸烟侨狈τ绊懥姿嵛焯谴x,影響丙酮酸生成。
2.1.2 淀粉的影響
淀粉作為非結(jié)構(gòu)類碳水化合物,通常通過飼糧中谷物類原料獲得,是動(dòng)物獲得能量的主要來源,在相同能量水平、淀粉含量的條件下,卵泡發(fā)育情況不受淀粉消化部位的影響,如瘤胃消化淀粉和過瘤胃消化淀粉都可以有效維持高產(chǎn)奶牛泌乳早期血漿胰島素水平和卵巢功能;而在相同能量水平下,高淀粉飼糧增加血漿胰島素水平,有影響排卵前小卵泡數(shù)(直徑<5 mm)的傾向[20]。Dy?ck等[21]研究指出,飼糧淀粉源和水平對(duì)生產(chǎn)率或產(chǎn)后奶牛代謝狀態(tài)的影響很小,略高水平的淀粉提高第1次排卵的發(fā)生率,而對(duì)LH、孕酮、雌二醇等激素影響不顯著,可能因?yàn)闈舛忍荻茸兓鄬?duì)較小的原因(淀粉含量分別為25.2%、23.3%和26.7%。Zhou等[6]的研究也發(fā)現(xiàn),以淀粉為高能量來源比以脂肪為高能量來源促進(jìn)體外培養(yǎng)的后備母豬卵母細(xì)胞核成熟。目前盡管淀粉對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育的影響已有所研究,然而相關(guān)報(bào)道并不多,深入研究不同淀粉結(jié)構(gòu)、來源對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育的影響更有意義。
2.2 脂肪對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育的影響
2.2.1 不同脂肪的影響
脂肪是飼糧能量另一個(gè)重要來源,補(bǔ)飼一定量脂肪不僅可以提高能量攝入,同時(shí)可以改變機(jī)體生殖激素水平,進(jìn)而影響排卵,利于奶牛泌乳和繁殖[22],但不同脂肪源對(duì)相關(guān)生殖激素水平的影響卻存在一定差異。Caldari?Torres等[9]研究報(bào)道,圍產(chǎn)期(產(chǎn)前1周到產(chǎn)后7周)奶牛補(bǔ)飼脂肪均有助于降低奶牛產(chǎn)后能量負(fù)平衡,減少脂肪組織動(dòng)員,提高循環(huán)胰島素樣生長因子和孕酮濃度。而Otto等[23]研究澳大利亞以放牧為基礎(chǔ)的條件下,初產(chǎn)荷斯坦奶牛產(chǎn)后補(bǔ)飼不同劑量原油脫膠菜籽油,可以增加放牧飼養(yǎng)的奶牛血漿FSH濃度,而不影響LH和孕酮濃度。初產(chǎn)荷斯坦奶牛產(chǎn)后分別補(bǔ)飼棕櫚油和亞麻油,補(bǔ)飼亞麻油組血漿葡糖糖濃度變化更明顯,促進(jìn)奶牛產(chǎn)后生殖周期的恢復(fù),增加血漿孕酮濃度,而補(bǔ)飼棕櫚油組則對(duì)其影響不顯著[10]。
不同油脂來源對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育相關(guān)激素等影響有所不同,其原因可能在于脂肪酸種類可能對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育有更重要作用。Zachut等[24]研究飼糧補(bǔ)飼不同比例脂肪酸(n?6∶n?3)對(duì)奶牛卵巢內(nèi)卵泡狀態(tài)及卵母細(xì)胞質(zhì)量的影響,結(jié)果表明,不同比例脂肪酸影響了奶牛乳中、血液中及卵泡液內(nèi)脂肪酸組成,補(bǔ)飼n?3脂肪酸影響了卵泡的狀態(tài),提高卵母細(xì)胞分裂速度。而近年來,補(bǔ)飼不飽和脂肪酸已被廣泛用于改善奶牛的繁殖性能[22],Dirandeh等[25]通過補(bǔ)飼棕櫚油、亞麻油和大豆研究ω?6和ω?3對(duì)奶牛產(chǎn)后子宮疾病、卵巢發(fā)育和血液雌二醇、黃體酮濃度的影響,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),補(bǔ)飼亞麻油比棕櫚油和大豆降低子宮內(nèi)膜炎發(fā)病率28.2%和20.5%,亞麻油和大豆促進(jìn)卵泡發(fā)育。
2.2.2 脂肪對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育的負(fù)面影響
然而,長期以高脂肪為來源的能量供應(yīng)也可能對(duì)哺乳動(dòng)物卵泡發(fā)育造成負(fù)面影響。研究表明,長期高脂飼養(yǎng)可提高體內(nèi)游離脂肪酸(FFA)濃度,而調(diào)查顯示低生育率奶牛體內(nèi)一個(gè)主要標(biāo)志就是FFA濃度提高[26]。高濃度FFA特別是飽和FFA可導(dǎo)致成熟卵母細(xì)胞線粒體膜電位下降,進(jìn)而影響其發(fā)育。體外培養(yǎng)的小鼠次級(jí)卵泡受不同濃度FFA刺激后,高濃度FFA會(huì)減小卵泡直徑和后期卵子的形成,影響相關(guān)的能量、脂肪酸和類固醇代謝,提高卵泡黃素化顆粒細(xì)胞氧化應(yīng)激基因的表達(dá)[27]。綜合添加脂肪對(duì)動(dòng)物繁殖性能的影響可見,飼糧補(bǔ)飼脂肪可能對(duì)動(dòng)物卵泡發(fā)育有著積極影響,但更應(yīng)注重脂肪酸比例,深入研究不同脂肪酸比例對(duì)動(dòng)物卵泡發(fā)育的影響更具有指導(dǎo)意義。
2.3 其他能量來源
飼糧能量來源除谷物原料、油脂之外,蛋白質(zhì)等在飼糧能量結(jié)構(gòu)中也占重要比例。母羊黃體期補(bǔ)飼以高蛋白質(zhì)為能量源飼糧,顯著提高血漿葡萄糖、胰島素濃度,而對(duì)FSH和雌二醇濃度影響不顯著;顯著提高小卵泡(直徑<3.5 mm)卵泡液中平均葡萄糖濃度,降低孕激素濃度,增加卵泡數(shù)量[17]。Guzmán等[28]研究表明,能量攝入水平相同情況下,妊娠期Wistar雌鼠攝入不同濃度酪蛋白(20%和10%),高蛋白質(zhì)飲食促進(jìn)哺乳期卵泡發(fā)育,提高體內(nèi)LH、FSH濃度,限制蛋白質(zhì)攝入影響哺乳期卵泡數(shù)和子代類固醇生成相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)。飼糧蛋白質(zhì)對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育的影響可能與其影響卵泡液內(nèi)相關(guān)蛋白質(zhì)或肽類物質(zhì)濃度有關(guān),進(jìn)而影響卵母細(xì)胞發(fā)育、受精等[29],具體是哪些蛋白質(zhì)及肽類產(chǎn)生作用目前尚需進(jìn)一步研究。除蛋白質(zhì)外,很多其他能量來源也可能影響卵泡發(fā)育,如在哺乳動(dòng)物黃體期補(bǔ)飼一定量麥麩,可以顯著降低血清雌二醇濃度,而在卵泡發(fā)育期時(shí)顯著降低血清雌激素酮濃度[30]。相關(guān)繁殖激素的變化直接影響卵泡發(fā)育,是卵泡變化的重要因素,深入研究不同能量水平、能源結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育的影響對(duì)認(rèn)識(shí)動(dòng)物營養(yǎng)需要有重要意義。
能量水平對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育的影響有時(shí)候并不是單方面的,如在短期適度限飼情況下,能量并未顯著影響卵泡發(fā)育,而夏季高溫天氣則使排卵期卵泡增長明顯受損(超過6 mm),但不影響卵母細(xì)胞減數(shù)分裂的能力[31]。Alves等[32]也研究表明,在相同飼糧濃度下,夏季奶牛產(chǎn)后體況損失更高,血清葡萄糖、鈉、鉀濃度下降,從而影響卵泡發(fā)育,導(dǎo)致卵母細(xì)胞形態(tài)學(xué)受損,減少卵泡數(shù)。另外,飼糧能量對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育的影響,在幼齡動(dòng)物時(shí)期,特別是初產(chǎn)情況下尤其明顯,給小母牛提供良好營養(yǎng)可以顯著影響其繁殖,促進(jìn)卵泡發(fā)育。3歲以上的奶牛妊娠后期限制營養(yǎng)攝入不影響卵巢儲(chǔ)備或繁殖性能[33]。由此可見,能量對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育的作用還受飼養(yǎng)環(huán)境變化及其他因素的影響,本文暫且不對(duì)這些因素進(jìn)行一一例舉,綜合平衡能量與其他因素間的平衡對(duì)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐有重要意義。
能量對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育的影響是通過多方面因素共同完成的,主要是能量調(diào)控體內(nèi)相關(guān)代謝、生殖激素水平以及影響體內(nèi)、卵泡液相關(guān)營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)濃度進(jìn)而影響卵泡發(fā)育。大量研究表明,高能量攝入提高血液循環(huán)胰島素水平,而盡管胰島素調(diào)節(jié)卵泡形成的分子機(jī)制還不夠明確,但其在動(dòng)物卵泡發(fā)育中所扮演的重要角色早已被認(rèn)可;FSH、LH是卵泡發(fā)育中2種重要激素,共同調(diào)控卵泡的生長、成熟和排卵,能量攝入影響體內(nèi)FSH和LH濃度,F(xiàn)SH可以刺激體外培養(yǎng)的豬卵母細(xì)胞細(xì)胞核、細(xì)胞質(zhì)成熟,促進(jìn)其卵裂,提高后期卵泡發(fā)育率[29],而LH則在動(dòng)物繁殖周期中與FSH協(xié)同作用于卵巢,維持排卵及黃體的生成,LH高峰預(yù)示著排卵出現(xiàn)。然而,在目前的研究中,能量對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育相關(guān)分子機(jī)制的研究還比較少,也沒有系統(tǒng)報(bào)道,相關(guān)通路更是不明確,下面簡單介紹一下目前國際上關(guān)于能量調(diào)控卵泡發(fā)育的相關(guān)分子機(jī)制的研究進(jìn)展。
4.1 影響生殖激素、受體基因表達(dá)
相關(guān)生殖激素在卵泡發(fā)育中占有重要地位,卵泡發(fā)育不同階段伴隨有相關(guān)激素水平的變化。FSH、LH對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育的重要作用已被認(rèn)可,能量對(duì)FSH、LH基因表達(dá)的影響也是目前能量調(diào)控卵泡發(fā)育的相關(guān)分子機(jī)制中報(bào)道最多的。研究表明,調(diào)控能量攝入可以影響卵巢、卵泡中FSH、LH基因的表達(dá)。急性限飼顯著降低顆粒細(xì)胞卵泡刺激素受體(FSHR)mRNA的表達(dá)[12]。國內(nèi)研究也發(fā)現(xiàn),高能量水平飼糧可以促進(jìn)卵巢上促性腺激素LH和FSH受體mRNA水平的表達(dá);而低能量水平飼糧則對(duì)這種表達(dá)起抑制作用[34]。在卵泡發(fā)育的復(fù)雜過程中,各激素并不是單獨(dú)發(fā)揮作用的,而是有一定關(guān)聯(lián)的。如FSH作用于顆粒細(xì)胞,控制卵泡生長,并積極調(diào)節(jié)雌二醇的產(chǎn)生,而LH在顆粒細(xì)胞中則被用作雌二醇的合成[1],雌二醇濃度可以影響排卵和發(fā)情,在正常卵泡發(fā)育周期內(nèi),一般在排卵期雌二醇濃度升高,因此,飼糧能量也可能影響類固醇激素(雌二醇)相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)。目前,關(guān)于這方面研究還不多見,尚需探索。
4.2 調(diào)控細(xì)胞增殖相關(guān)調(diào)控因子及受體表達(dá)
胰島素樣生長因子(IGFs)是一類多功能細(xì)胞增殖調(diào)控因子。在細(xì)胞的分化、增殖、個(gè)體的生長發(fā)育中具有重要的促進(jìn)作用。胰島素樣生長因子1(IGF?1)是卵泡發(fā)育中目前研究較多的一種細(xì)胞增殖調(diào)控因子,IGF?1可以直接作用于卵巢促進(jìn)卵泡發(fā)育,飼糧能量水平可以影響卵泡液IGF?1濃度[35],一定濃度IGF?1刺激可以增加卵泡IGF?1 mRNA水平;此外,因能量變化提高體內(nèi)FSH濃度則可增加卵泡胰島素樣生長因子受體1(IGFR?1)mRNA的表達(dá)[36]。也有研究表明,胰島素樣生長因子2(IGF?2)對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育也有一定作用,如其與FSH體外刺激,可影響卵母細(xì)胞的減數(shù)分裂,促進(jìn)卵母細(xì)胞體外成熟[37]。Walsh等[12]的研究表明,急性限飼可以顯著降低IGF?1和胰島素循環(huán),減少卵泡液雌二醇、IGF?1濃度;也減少了顆粒細(xì)胞CYP19A1(芳香化酶基因)、IGF?2、IGFR1和黃體生成素受體(LHCGR)的mRNA表達(dá)量。除IGFs之外,生長激素(GH)在動(dòng)物生長、細(xì)胞增殖中也有重要作用,盡管其在卵泡發(fā)育中的調(diào)控機(jī)制尚不明確,但已有報(bào)道證明,降低能量攝入顯著降低體內(nèi)生長激素受體(GH?R)基因表達(dá)[38]。GH對(duì)維持卵泡的形態(tài)有積極作用,且存在劑量依賴,體外培養(yǎng)中發(fā)現(xiàn),GH可以與FSH刺激卵泡生長[39]。Martins等[40]利用山羊卵母細(xì)胞體外研究表明,GH促進(jìn)原始卵泡發(fā)育,高濃度GH刺激增加顆粒細(xì)胞GH?R mRNA表達(dá),提高卵母細(xì)胞、顆粒細(xì)胞GH?R蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)。
4.3 影響其他相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)
在目前的研究中,能量不僅通過影響促性腺激素、細(xì)胞增殖相關(guān)調(diào)控因子等的表達(dá)影響卵泡發(fā)育,還通過影響營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)代謝中相關(guān)基因表達(dá)影響卵泡發(fā)育。葡萄糖是卵泡能量的主要供應(yīng)者,影響卵泡發(fā)育。在研究葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),糖酵解和脂肪酸氧化與卵泡發(fā)育1階段調(diào)控基因的表達(dá)譜關(guān)聯(lián)中發(fā)現(xiàn),葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白(GLUT)同種型的表達(dá)分析表明,GLUT1 mRNA水平與卵泡發(fā)育呈正相關(guān),而GLUT2、GLUT3和GLUT8 mRNA水平不隨卵泡發(fā)育變化;對(duì)葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)中相關(guān)酶基因及脂肪酸β氧化中的相關(guān)的基因進(jìn)行分析則發(fā)現(xiàn),其表達(dá)與卵泡發(fā)育沒有一致性的變化,由此可見,在葡萄糖代謝中,GLUT可能參與卵泡發(fā)育的調(diào)控[41],能量攝入通過影響葡萄糖濃度,調(diào)控相關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白的表達(dá)。另外,能量來源還可能通過其所含活性成分影響卵泡發(fā)育相關(guān)基因的表達(dá),如大豆異黃酮可能通過活化Fas介導(dǎo)的和Bcl2/Bax表達(dá)介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞凋亡信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)途徑影響卵泡發(fā)育[42],其中,Bcl?2和Bax分別參與了卵巢顆粒細(xì)胞的增殖和凋亡的調(diào)節(jié)[43],提高飼料中豆粕或大豆油含量都可能影響大豆異黃酮濃度的變化。能量對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育相關(guān)基因表達(dá)的影響目前研究還不多,也不夠明確,很多機(jī)理途徑尚處于推理階段,還需進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。
能量對(duì)母豬卵泡發(fā)育有重要影響,可以不同程度改變卵泡微環(huán)境、影響卵泡大小及成熟率,最終影響家畜的繁殖性能。其作用受能量水平、結(jié)構(gòu)等因素影響,并與其他因素(如環(huán)境等)共同調(diào)控家畜的卵泡發(fā)育。不同能量水平與來源的飼糧直接影響體內(nèi)營養(yǎng)代謝物(如血糖、血脂、氨基酸等)濃度,導(dǎo)致機(jī)體內(nèi)相應(yīng)代謝激素(胰島素、瘦素等)濃度發(fā)生變化,從而引起相關(guān)繁殖激素(FSH、LH等)產(chǎn)生差異,進(jìn)而影響卵泡微環(huán)境相關(guān)基因IGFR?1、IGF?1和FSHR等的mRNA表達(dá)量。然而,能量對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育的影響是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的過程,能量對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育影響的分子機(jī)制目前尚不十分明確,能量對(duì)相關(guān)基因表達(dá)的研究也較分散,沒有形成一條完整通路,而且現(xiàn)有的研究中,大多集中在反芻動(dòng)物(如牛)中,在未來研究中,尚需細(xì)化不同能量結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)不同家畜卵泡發(fā)育的影響及機(jī)制,探索與其他營養(yǎng)因素在調(diào)控卵泡發(fā)育中的關(guān)系,同時(shí),更為深入、系統(tǒng)的研究其分子調(diào)控機(jī)制,使其形成完整通路,為全面認(rèn)識(shí)能量對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育的影響及提高家畜生產(chǎn)力提供依據(jù)。
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Effects of Dietary Energy on Follicular Development and Relative Gene Expression of Livestock
JIANG Hailong
1
GU Linlin
1,2
QIN Guixin
1?
CHE Dongsheng
1
ZHANG Haiquan
1,2
LI Yihong
3
(責(zé)任編輯 武海龍)
(1.Department of Animal Science&Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;2.Changchun Yi Ze Biological Technology Corporation,Changchun 130118,China;3.Liaoning Well?Hope Agricultural Corporation,Shenyang 110164,China)
Abstract:Follicular development is the biological foundation of domestic animal production.The dietary ener?gy concentration can affect the follicular development by the way of regulating and controlling nutrients and rel?ative hormone concentration in vivo,moreover,the relative gene expression.Effects of dietary energy concen?tration and resource on follicular development was reviewed.The mechanism and gene expression of reproduc?tion hormone secretion,cell growth,and nutrients translocator are affected by dietary energy.[Chinese Jour?nal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(7):1983?1989]
Key words:energy;livestock;follicular development;mRNA expression
Corresponding author?,professor,E?mail:guixin@public.cc.jl.cn
通信作者:?秦貴信,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,E?mail:guixin@public.cc.jl.cn
作者簡介:姜海龍(1971—),男,吉林梅河口人,副教授,博士,研究方向?yàn)閯?dòng)物營養(yǎng)與飼料科學(xué),E?mail:hljiang@jau.edu.cn
基金項(xiàng)目:國家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2012BAD39B03);吉林省科技發(fā)展計(jì)劃產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟項(xiàng)目(20140309013NY);吉林省科技發(fā)展計(jì)劃重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(20080215)
收稿日期:2015-01-12
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006?267x.2015.07.001
文章編號(hào):1006?267X(2015)07?1983?07
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
中圖分類號(hào):S811.2
動(dòng)物營養(yǎng)學(xué)報(bào)2015年8期