Quantitative variation of bioactive phyto compounds in ethylacetate and methanolextracts of Pergularia daemia(Forsk.)Chiov.

Dear Editor:

Pergularia daemia Forsk(Asclepiadaceae)is a perennial twining herb commonly known as veliparuthi in Tamil.The planthas anthelmintic,laxative,antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities[1].The pharmacological properties of this plant come from bioactive phytochemicals such as alkaloids,triterpenes, saponins and flavonoids.Phytochemically,the plant has been investigated for the presence of cardenolides, alkaloids,saponins and steroidalcompounds[2].In the presentstudy,we developed a rapid method foridentification and quantitative determination ofputative phyto compounds in the crude extracts of ethylacetate and methanolfrom whole plantof Pergularia daemia.

Matured Pergularia daemia plant was collected between August and December,2013 from the river bank of Pudukkottai District,Tamil Nadu,India.The plant was identified and voucher specimen(ACC: 196)was deposited in the herbarium of Departmentof Botany,Annamalai University.The shade dried plant materials(root,stem,leaves,flower and bark)of Pergularia daemia of about 1,000 g were subjected for size reduction to coarse powder,which was defatted by using petroleum ether(60-80°C)and then extracted with methanoland ethylacetate using Soxhletapparatus for about72 hours at40°C.The sedimentwas then filtered with Whatman No.1 filter paper[3].Both ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of Pergularia daemia were further concentrated under vacuum using rotary vacuum evaporator(Buchi R-V120,Switzerland)at 40°C and then reconstituted in dimethylsulfoxide and stored at 4°C for further use.The percentage yield of ethylacetate and methanol extracts were found to be 4.5%(w/w)and 8.1%(w/w),respectively.

Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids,terpenoids,steroids,alkaloids, tannins and carbohydrates in ethylacetate and methanol extractsofwhole plantof Pergularia daemia.Gaschromatography-mass spectroscopy(GC-MS)identified a number of compounds from GC fractions of the methanoland ethylacetate extractsof Pergularia daemia.The results revealed thatthe presence of 15 differentcompounds from ethylacetate extract viz.,(2S,3S)-(-)-3-propyloxiranemethanol,4-heptanol,3-methyl-,1-pentanol,4-methyl-2-propyl-,2-decanynoic acid,dichloroacetic acid,2,2-dimethylpropyl ester,cyclopentane undecanoic acid,1-iodo-2-methylundecane,octadecane, 6-methyl-,heptacosane,methoxyacetic acid,3-tetradecyl ester,2(1H)naphthalenone,3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-4,8adimethyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-,2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-,(Z,E)-,azulene,1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl)-,[1S-(1aˊ,7aˊ,8aaˊ)]-(e-guaiene),methoprene,9,12-octadecadienoic acid(Z,Z)-,phenylmethylester(Table 1)and 18 different phyto compounds from methanol extract viz 8-methyl-6-nonenoic acid,vitamin D3,n-hexadecanoic acid,4-trifluoro acetoxypentadecane,undec-10-ynoic acid,2-cyclopentene-1-undecanoic acid,(+)-,8-nonynoic acid,didodecylphthalate,4-nonene,5-nitro-, cis-Z-aˊ-bisabolene epoxide,1b,5,5,6a-tetramethyl-octahydro-1-oxa-cyclopropa[a]inden-6-one,1-naphthalenepropanol,aˊ-ethyldecahydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-aˊ,5,8atrimethyl-2-methylene[1S[1aˊ(S*),4aaˊ,5aˊ,8aaˊ]]-, 1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol,3,7,11-trimethyl-,5aˊ-androstan-16-one,cyclic ethylene mercaptole,2(1H)naphthalenone, 3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-4,8a-dimethyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-,azulene,1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl)-,[1S-(1aˊ,7aˊ,8aaˊ)]-(eguaiene),methoprene,9,12-octadecadienoic acid(Z,Z)-, and phenylmethyl ester(Table 2)were identified.

The major compounds such as didodecylphthalate, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid(Z,Z)-,phenylmethylester,n-hexadecanoic acid,heptacosane,azulene,1,2,3, 5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl)-, [1-methy lethen yl)-,2(1H)Nap hthalenon e, 3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-4,8a-dimethyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-and 1-iodo-2-methylundecane presentin both extracts of this plant exert various biological activities (Table 3).

Table 1 Phytoconstituents identified in ethyl acetate extract of Pergularia daemia.using GC-MS

Phytochemicalcharacterization of Pergularia daemia explored the presence of phenolics and terpenoids in ethyl acetate and methanol extracts,which may havean importantrole in maintaining good health due to their antioxidantactivity.Moreover,our findings explored thatthepresenceofbiologically importantactiveprinciples were highly accumulated in methanol extract when compared to ethyl acetate extract.It could be concluded that the choice of the solvent is an important criteria to retrieving more active substances.Furtherinvestigations on isolation ofactive principles from this plantand their possible chemopreventive mechanisms in oralcarcinogenesis is currently under progress in our laboratory.

Table 2 Phytoconstituents in methanol extract of Pergularia daemia.using GC-MS analysis

Table 3 Pharmacological applications of major compounds present in Pergularia daemia

We are gratefulthe Indian Institute ofCrop Processing Technology(IICPT),Thanjavur,Tamilnadu,India,to make availableresourcesduring thisstudy and acknowledge the financialsupportof Departmentof Science and Technology-Science and Engineering Research Board (DST-SERB)New Delhi,India.

Yours Sincerely,

Veluchamy Vaithiyanathan,Sankaran Mirunalini*

Departmentof Biochemistry and Biotechnology,

Annamalai University,

Annamalainagar,Chidambaram-608002,

India.

Tel:09442-424-438;

Fax:04144-238-080;

E-mail:mirunasankar@gmail.com

The authors reported no conflictofinterests.

[1]Karthishwaran K,Mirunalini S.Therapeutic potential of Pergularia daemia(Forsk.):The ayurvadic wonder.Int J Pharm 2010;6(6):836-843.

[2]Suresh Kumar SV,Mishra SH.Hepatoprotective effectof Pergularia daemia(Forsk.)ethanolextractand its fraction. Indian J Exp Biol 2008;46(6):447-452.

[3]K.Karthiswaran,S.Mirunalini,G.Dhamodharan,et al. Phytochemical investigation of methanolic extract of the leaves of Pergularia daemia.JBiolSci2010;10(3):242-246.

Received 09 September2014,Revised 16 September2014,Accepted 19

September 2014,Epub 10 October 2014

?2015 by the Journal of Biomedical Research.All rights reserved.

10.7555/JBR.28.20140100