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        全球七大另類圣誕老人

        2014-12-13 14:59:29RomyOltuski袁瑞
        新東方英語·中學(xué)版 2014年12期
        關(guān)鍵詞:圣王耶穌女巫

        Romy+Oltuski 袁瑞

        It's thanks to centuries of Byzantine, Greek, and Scandinavian myths and folklore that this Christmas, some guy will put on a red velvet1) suit and fake beard to sit on a throne2) in Walmart, taking kids' toy orders. But Santa wasn't always the generous man in Walmart, nor is he everywhere today. In other countries, the patron saint3) of giving inherited different traits, leaving Santa with quite a few doppelg?ngers4) around the world, including goats, monks, and wise men who travel on camelback. Below, we take you on a tour of Santa's many representations around the globe.

        多虧了拜占庭、希臘和斯堪的納維亞的神話和民間傳說經(jīng)過幾個世紀(jì)流傳了下來,今年(編注:英文原文發(fā)表于2011年)的圣誕節(jié)將有人穿著紅色的天鵝絨服裝,戴著假胡須,坐在沃爾瑪超市里面的寶座上,接受孩子們的玩具訂單。但是,圣誕老人在過去并不總是沃爾瑪里那個慷慨的人,如今也不一定隨處可見。在其他國家,這個樂善好施的守護(hù)神繼承了不同的特征,使全球出現(xiàn)了不少酷似圣誕老人的版本,其中包括山羊、和尚和騎駱駝旅行的智者。下面我們就帶大家去看看圣誕老人在全球的眾多代表吧。

        Hoteiosho, Japan

        Japan's holiday gift-giver is a fat Buddhist monk carrying a huge sack. Some say he travels with a red-nosed reindeer5) and some say he works alone, but he doesn't arrive at Christmas in either hybrid6) Christian-Buddhist tale. Christmas in Japan is spent with family doing charity work. But on New Year's Eve, the real action begins: the house is cleaned and decorated, then family members throw beans for good luck and await their gifts from the benevolent7) monk.

        日本的布袋和尚

        在日本,節(jié)日里給人們發(fā)放禮物的是帶著一個大布袋的胖和尚。有人說他和一只紅鼻子的馴鹿結(jié)伴而行,也有人說他是一個人單獨(dú)行動。但是在糅合基督教和佛教成分的傳說中,他都不會在圣誕節(jié)這一天到來。在日本,圣誕節(jié)是要和家人一起做慈善工作的。但是到了新年前夜,真正的活動才開始:在打掃并裝飾完房屋后,家庭成員會拋撒豆子來祈求好運(yùn),然后等著這位仁慈的和尚來給他們發(fā)放禮物。

        Sinterklaas, the Netherlands

        Dutch Santa Claus is elderly, looks more like a pope than a jolly8) fat man, and wears stately9) robes. He hangs out with a guy named Black Peter (Zwarte Piet) and takes a steamboat over to Holland from Spain in mid-November. He then has three weeks, rather than one night, to distribute gifts to good children, flying over roofs by a white horse and dropping them down chimneys. Meanwhile, he and his cronies10)—six to eight, er, black men who give David Sedaris'11) story about Sinterklaas its name—snatch up the bad children, beat them with switches12), stuff them into body bags, and take them back to Spain.

        荷蘭的圣尼古拉斯

        荷蘭的圣誕老人年紀(jì)要大一些,穿著華麗的長袍,看起來更像是一位教皇,而不是一個樂呵呵的胖子。他和一個名叫黑彼得(德語為Zwarte Piet)的人結(jié)伴而行,在11月中旬乘坐汽艇從西班牙來到荷蘭。然后他有三周而不是一個晚上的時間,來給好孩子分發(fā)禮物。他騎著白馬飛過一家家屋頂,把禮物丟進(jìn)煙囪里。與此同時,他和他的好友——6~8個,呃,黑人(大衛(wèi)·賽德瑞斯寫的關(guān)于圣尼古拉斯的故事就得名于他們)——會把壞孩子抓起來,用鞭子抽他們,然后把他們?nèi)M(jìn)尸體袋里帶回西班牙。

        La Befana, Italy

        Depending on where in Italy you live, you'll either get your presents at Epiphany13) or at Christmas, but they'll likely be brought to you by La Befana, the friendly holiday witch who leaves candies, figs14), and goodies in good kids' socks and coal—or dark candy—in bad kids'. If Santa has a cookie addiction, La Befana is something of a wino15), so parents leave out a glass of wine for the witch to enjoy after traveling across the sky on her broomstick.endprint

        意大利的貝法納女巫

        在意大利,你會在主顯節(jié)或圣誕節(jié)得到禮物,這要看你住在什么地方了。但是把禮物帶給你的很有可能是貝法納女巫,這個友善的節(jié)日女巫會把糖果、無花果和好吃的東西放進(jìn)好孩子的襪子里,而把煤炭——或者叫做黑糖果——放進(jìn)壞孩子的襪子里。如果說圣誕老人嗜食餅干,那么貝法納女巫就有點(diǎn)像是一個酒鬼,所以父母們會把一杯酒放在外面,以供女巫騎著她的掃帚柄飛越長空后享用。

        Jultomte, Sweden

        Originally it was a Christmas goat, the julbock, who delivered presents and holiday cheer to Swedes, but over the past century or so, they've phased out16) the goat and phased in17) the Jultomte, a mythical figure who's usually small, old, bearded, and capped, much like a garden gnome18) or a brownie19).

        瑞典的Jultomte

        最初給瑞典人帶來禮物和節(jié)日歡樂的是一只圣誕山羊julbock,但經(jīng)歷過去一個世紀(jì)左右的時間,山羊逐漸被人們淘汰,Jultomte慢慢取而代之。他是一個神話人物,通常是一個留著胡須、戴著帽子的小老頭,很像是花園里的土地神像或者棕仙。

        Ded Moroz, Russia

        Ded Moroz, or Grandfather Frost, dresses in a fairly Santa fashion, carrying with him an added magical staff20) and never going anywhere without his granddaughter Sengurochka, Snow Girl. Together, the two plan New Year's Eve parties for kids, where they hand out gifts. Depending on where you're from, Ded Moroz either lives in Veliky Ustug or Belavezhskaya Pushcha, arriving from either of them by troika21) of white horses.

        俄羅斯的嚴(yán)寒老人

        嚴(yán)寒老人穿的幾乎就是現(xiàn)在流行的圣誕老人的服裝,但他身邊多了一根魔杖,而且去哪里都要帶著他的孫女雪姑娘。他們倆一起為孩子們策劃新年前夜的聚會,并在聚會上分發(fā)禮物。對于來自不同地方的人們來說,嚴(yán)寒老人的住所也不同,他可能住在諾夫戈羅德烏斯圖格,也可能住在比亞沃維耶扎原始森林,他會從其中一個住所駕著由三匹白馬拉的車趕來。

        El Ni?o Dios, Mexico

        In Mexico and many other Spanish-speaking countries, Santa brings children gifts, but so does El Ni?o Dios (Baby Jesus), since, after all, it's his birthday we're celebrating. In some regions, Santa may bring the bulk22) of the gifts, while Baby Jesus just brings a handful of smaller ones; in others, the opposite is true.

        墨西哥的嬰兒耶穌

        在墨西哥以及其他許多說西班牙語的國家,圣誕老人會帶給小朋友們禮物,而嬰兒耶穌也會送禮物,因?yàn)槲覀儺吘故窃趹c祝他的生日嘛。在一些地方,圣誕老人可能會帶著大量的禮物,而嬰兒耶穌只帶少量的小一點(diǎn)兒的禮物,而在其他地方,情況剛好相反。

        The Three Kings, Puerto Rico

        In Puerto Rico, the Three Kings, or Three Wise Men, are the gift givers of the holiday season. On Three Kings Day, also known as Epiphany or January 6th, children fill up boxes with grass for the Three Kings' camels to eat. The camels feast, and the Three Kings thank the generous children by replacing the grass with gifts and sweets.

        波多黎各的三圣王

        在波多黎各,節(jié)日禮物的發(fā)放者是三圣王或三智者。在三圣節(jié)這天,也就是主顯節(jié)或1月6日,孩子們會把盒子里裝滿草,讓三圣王的那些駱駝吃。為了感謝孩子們的慷慨,三圣王會在駱駝享用過美餐之后,把盒子里的草換成禮物和糖果。

        8. jolly [?d??li] adj. 興高采烈的

        9. stately [?ste?tli] adj. 華麗的;莊嚴(yán)的

        10. crony [?kr??ni] n. 密友;老朋友

        11. David Sedaris: 大衛(wèi)·賽德瑞斯(1956~),美國作家,“Six to Eight Black Men”是其寫的一篇文章,文中稱有six to eight black men幫助Sinterklaas分發(fā)禮物。

        12. switch [sw?t?] n. (細(xì)軟的)鞭子

        13. Epiphany [??p?f?ni] n. (基督教的)主顯節(jié)(1月6日)

        14. fig [f?ɡ] n. 無花果

        15. wino [?wa?n??] n. <口>醉鬼,酒鬼

        16. phase out: 使逐漸淘汰

        17. phase in: 逐漸采用

        18. gnome [n??m] n. (花園中用作點(diǎn)綴的)侏儒塑像;土地神像

        19. brownie [?bra?ni] n. 棕仙(傳說中夜間幫人做家務(wù)的善良小精靈)

        20. staff [stɑ?f] n. [舊] (結(jié)實(shí)的)杖,桿

        21. troika [?tr??k?] n. (俄國的)三駕馬車

        22. bulk [b?lk] n. 大量endprint

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