By+Yin+Pumin

The large number of Chinese college graduates this year will once again face a fierce battle as they compete for a strained supply of jobs， a battle that has become an annual event as the academic year comes to a close.

China will see a total of 7.27 million students graduating from college this year， a majority of whom are expected to enter the job market in June and July. The number is 280，000 more than last year， which was considered the hardest year to find a job since the global economic downturn in 2008.

Compared to 10 years ago， the number of graduates has doubled after the Chinese Government has encouraged universities to up their enrollment and many parents still regard higher education as the only means for their children to achieve success.

As a result， college education has become common， said Mo Rong， Director of the Institute of International Labor and Social Security under the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. He added that the situation is no longer the same as in the 1980s when undergraduate diplomas normally guaranteed stable and respected jobs.

“There are around 15 million young people who search for jobs around this time of year， nearly half of which are college graduates this time round，” Mo said.

Its reported that the total number of people seeking employment each year stands at around 25 million.

According to a survey released on May 13 by the Institute of Economics of Education at Peking University， 71.9 percent of college students who graduated last year were able to find jobs.

The survey， which sampled more than 15，000 college graduates in 21 provincial-level regions， also reported that college graduates earn an average starting monthly salary of 3，378 yuan （$541）.

Policy support

In a move to boost employment， the Chinese Government unveiled a string of preferential policies on May 13. In addition to encouraging college graduates to take on entry-level jobs and work in the countrys less developed central and western regions， the State Council， Chinas cabinet， launched a program to support startup businesses from 2014 to 2017.

Highlighting a pledge to incentivize ecommerce startup businesses， a State Council circular said that college graduates who open online shops will be given small-sum guaranteed loans and interest subsidies.

As part of the support program， financial institutions were told to provide services that fit graduate entrepreneurs needs. It also encour-ages enterprises， industry associations and angel investors to provide funding for student entrepreneurs through multiple channels.endprint

Colleges should open courses that prepare their graduates to start businesses， according to the circular.

The document also stressed the implementation of existing support measures， including lowering the threshold for registering a company， as well as tax reductions and exemptions for businesses run by college graduates and students who return from overseas studies.

On April 29， the Ministry of Finance issued a statement， saying businesses established by registered unemployed people， including new college graduates， can enjoy a maximum annual tax reduction of 9，600 yuan （$1，539）.

Liu Junsheng， a researcher with the Labor and Wage Institute of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security， said that the job market will only become more difficult in the near future. “The trend is that more and more students are being enrolled into colleges， though they find that when graduate， some of the students who graduated before them have still not yet found a job，” he said.

According to Liu， encouraging graduates to start businesses will not only ease the pressure on the job market but will help transform the structure of the economy.

However， surveys released by the Beijing Youth Stress Management Service Center showed that although 20 percent of college graduates every year said they intended to start their own businesses， only 2 percent would make an attempt to do so due allegedly to a lack of support.

“They must realize that it will never be easy， and they will meet challenges they never could have imagined. They must be patient and start small，” Liu said. He suggests that college graduates do market research and hone a variety of skills before attempting selfemployment.

Chen Dingbang， a college student from Guangzhou-based Sun Yat-sen University in south Chinas Guangdong Province， opened a restaurant in the city. He admitted that the largest challenge for graduates starting businesses lies in fundraising. “Other than that， competition in the market is open and you are not different or disadvantaged just because you are a college graduate，” Chen noted.

At a busy corner in Beijings central business district， Zhang Tianyi serves up bowls of beef rice noodles to office workers during mealtimes. Long lines for this Changde City specialty from central Chinas Hunan Province form every day.

Zhang， 24， will graduate from prestigious Peking University with a masters degree in law in July. But instead of practicing law， he chose selfemployment because he was not able to find an ideal job when hunting for one half a year ago.endprint

“Its not easy to find the job you want， no matter which university you graduated from. There is fierce competition，” Zhang said. He opened his restaurant that sells rice noodles together with three friends using a seed fund of about 100，000 yuan （$16，030） in early April.

Good attempt

Zhang was held up as an example by Xin Changxing， Vice Minister of Human Resources and Social Security， at a news conference on employment held in Beijing on May 20. The vice minister encouraged college graduates to start their own businesses to beat the difficult job market.

Xin said that he read Zhangs story in a media report and was impressed when Zhang said that Beijing needs a bowl of authentic beef rice noodles from his hometown more than it needs another financial lawyer.

Xin praised Zhangs entrepreneurial spirit with which he sought out a vacancy in the market and filled it.

Another story came from three senior science students who opened an online shop selling womens sanitary napkins.

Wu Fengming， one of the students from Central South University in Changsha， Hunan， said that the idea came to him from his girlfriend， who often bought him clothes and underwear online.

“If she and other girls were given sanitary napkins each month， they may feel they are cared for and loved，” Wu said.

The energy-engineering major and two of his software development school friendsturned-partners opened Qinaide520.com， which sounds like “my dear， I love you，” on March 1.

The website requires customers to register as members while ordering an annual supply of sanitary towels. The store then sends them out each month.

As well as struggling to find capital support， Wu said that he had to overcome other problems such as embarrassment and misunderstanding from the public and even his parents， who pressed him to get a “real job.”

“We should implant a spirit of entrepreneurship when educating students， and let them be aware that starting a business is a choice，” Xin said.

However， Zhang said that the support for college students to start their own businesses is still far from enough. “There was no professional staff in college to provide consultation related to entrepreneurship for students and the requirements for tax deductions were too high to meet，” he said.

Feng Lijuan， a human resources specialist from 51job.com， a major recruitment website in China， said that starting a business suits only a small minority of people. She urged college graduates to work as employees to accumulate capital and work experience， as well as build a network of connections， before trying to launch their own businesses.

This is echoed by Lu Xuejing， a social security expert at Beijing-based Capital University of Economics and Business. “Only a small number of graduates are qualified to start their own businesses. More importantly， the government should speed up economic restructuring to create more job opportunities，” she said.endprint