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        “挑人揀物”的ed和ing形容詞

        2014-07-23 18:31:49朱桂云
        試題與研究·中考英語 2014年1期
        關(guān)鍵詞:令人定語賓語

        朱桂云

        中考英語試題中,辨別ed形容詞和ing形容詞用法的考點(diǎn)年年都出現(xiàn)。由于這類詞的詞義極為相近,因此使用時(shí)易混淆。下面結(jié)合近幾年中考單項(xiàng)選擇題中出現(xiàn)的這類試題談?wù)勥@兩種形容詞的用法區(qū)別。

        英語中,表示“感覺狀況”方面的形容詞有ed和ing兩種形式。ed形式的形容詞主要針對“人”,ing形式的形容詞則主要針對“事物”。最常用的這類形容詞有:interested(感興趣的),interesting(有趣的);excited(激動的),exciting(令人激動的);annoyed(惱怒的),annoying(令人惱怒的);amazed(驚異的),amazing(令人驚異的、神奇的、迷人的);surprised(驚奇的),surprising(令人驚奇的);moved(感動的),moving(令人感動的);disappointed(失望的),disappointing(令人失望的);tired(疲倦的),tiring(令人疲倦的);bored(感到厭煩的),boring(令人厭煩的);delighted(高興的),delighting(令人高興的);pleased(高興的、滿意的),pleasing(令人高興的、令人滿意的);puzzled(感到迷惑的),puzzling(令人迷惑的);frightened(感到害怕的),frightening(令人害怕的);shocked(感到震驚的),shocking(令人震驚的)。我們可以用下面的順口溜巧記兩者的用法區(qū)別:

        人前人后用ed,物前物后用ing。

        ★ 所謂“人前人后用ed”,指的是ed形式的形容詞常用作“人”前的定語和“人”后的表語。例如:

        The puzzled mother asked me why her daughter always had so many questions to ask.那個(gè)迷惑不解的母親問我,為什么她女兒總是有那么多的問題要問。(puzzled在mother前作定語)

        Mr. White was quite puzzled about what to do next. 懷特先生對下一步該怎么做感到非常困惑。(puzzled在Mr. White后作表語)

        The excited people had already left when I got there.當(dāng)我到達(dá)那兒的時(shí)候,那些激動的人們已經(jīng)離開。(excited在people前作定語)

        All of them were very surprised to see that her name headed the list.他們看到她的名字居第一位,全都感到非常驚奇。(surprised在All of them后作表語)

        除“人”之外,也可以用ed形式的形容詞來表示“飛禽走獸”的情感。例如:

        The small fox was frightened and ran into the deep forest. 那只小狐貍受到驚嚇,跑進(jìn)了深山老林。(frightened在The small fox后作表語)

        The frightened bird had no choice but to fly into the dark cave. 那只受到驚嚇的鳥兒別無他法,只好飛進(jìn)了漆黑的山洞。(frightened在bird前作定語)

        ★ 所謂“物前物后用ing”,指的是ing形式的形容詞用作“事、物”前的定語和“事、物”后的表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:

        This disappointing situation may finally reach a turning point.這種令人失望的狀況最終可能達(dá)到一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。(disappointing作situation的定語)

        The teams performance the day before yesterday was disappointing. 前天這個(gè)隊(duì)的表現(xiàn)令人失望。(disappointing在The teams performance后作表語)

        We were very excited to hear the exciting news.聽到那個(gè)激動人心的消息,我們感到非常興奮。(exciting作news的定語)

        He recognized her voice immediately and that was not surprising.他立即聽出了她的聲音,這也并不奇怪。(surprising在that后作表語)

        She thought the report very interesting, but most of us didnt. 她認(rèn)為這個(gè)報(bào)告很有趣,可我們大多數(shù)人都不這么認(rèn)為。(interesting在thought the report后作賓語補(bǔ)足語)

        請看下面的中考題及解析:

        1.(2013年雅安卷)Its reallythat a tortoise can150 years old.

        A. amazed; live to

        B. amazed; live up to

        C. amazing; live up

        D. amazing; live to

        2.(2013年煙臺卷)Whatnews it is! Nobodyit.

        A. a surprising; believes

        B. surprising; believes

        C. a surprised; believe

        D. surprised; believe

        3.(2012年達(dá)州卷)—Peter has changed a lot, hasnt he?

        —Yes. He used tothe guitar, but now he is morein playing soccer.

        A. plays; interested

        B. play; interested

        C. play; interesting

        D. playing; interest

        4.(2011年福州卷)—We all like Miss Wang.

        —I agree with you. She always makes her English classes .

        A. interestedB. interest

        C. interesting

        5.(2011年煙臺卷)When I was walking past the window, I noticed Wang Feimy homework. I really got .

        A. copying; annoyed

        B. copying; annoying

        C. copy; annoyed

        D. copied; annoyed

        第1題答案D。主語是It,因此要用ing形式的形容詞作表語。句意是:烏龜能活到150歲,真是令人驚異。

        第2題答案B。news屬表示事物的名詞,因此要用ing形式的形容詞作定語。句意是:多么令人驚訝的消息??!沒人相信它。

        第3題答案B。主語是he,因此要用ed形式的形容詞作表語。句意是:過去他常彈吉他,可現(xiàn)在他對踢足球更感興趣。

        第4題答案C。賓語是表示“事物”的her English classes,因此后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語要用ing形式的形容詞。句意是:我同意你的看法。她總是把她的課上得令人感興趣。

        第5題答案A。主語是I,因此要用ed形式的形容詞作表語。句意是:當(dāng)我從窗邊走過的時(shí)候,我看到他正在抄我的作業(yè)。我真的感到很氣憤。

        從上面的例句及中考題解析可以看出,ed形式的形容詞和ing形式的形容詞存在“挑人揀物”的現(xiàn)象。不過,我們也需注意下面這個(gè)例外現(xiàn)象:

        如果是主語本人的“表情、聲音”等,依然用ed作定語。例如:

        She listened with a puzzled expression on her face. 她臉上帶著困惑的表情在傾聽著。(a puzzled expression是主語She本人的表情)

        He answered the phone in a tired voice. 他以疲憊的聲音接電話。(a tired voice是主語He本人的聲音)

        特別提醒:用錯(cuò)ed和ing形式有時(shí)會鬧出笑話。例如:

        如果想表達(dá)“我受到感動”,就應(yīng)該說“I was moved.”但如果說“I was moving.”那意思就是“我是動人的”!

        用法拓展:如果ed或ing形式的詞不是表示“感覺狀況”方面的形容詞,則要根據(jù)“ed是過去分詞,ing是現(xiàn)在分詞”的用法予以區(qū)別。通常情況下,過去分詞表被動,現(xiàn)在分詞表主動。例如:

        1.(2013年安順卷)He often drinks two cups ofwater when he comes back.

        A. boilingB. boil

        C. boiledD. boils

        2.(2013年綏化卷)He wants to have his TV .

        A. repairingB. repaired

        C. to repair

        3.(2011年濰坊卷)The new treatmentsby Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers.

        A. inventB. invents

        C. inventingD. invented

        第1題答案C。boiled water意思是已經(jīng)燒開的水,而boiling water意思是沸騰的水。根據(jù)生活常識,我們喝的是已經(jīng)燒開的水,因此選擇C項(xiàng)。句意是:他回來后經(jīng)常喝兩杯開水。

        第2題答案B。電視機(jī)是“被修理”,have sth. done表示“讓某事被……、某物遭受……”,因此應(yīng)選repaired。句意是:他讓別人幫他修理電視機(jī)。

        第3題答案D。invented by Norman Bethune屬過去分詞短語作treatments的后置定語。句意是:諾爾曼·白求恩發(fā)明的治療方法幫助了許多士兵。

        跟蹤訓(xùn)練

        根據(jù)每題漢語意思,用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

        1.因?yàn)槲锢砗苡腥?,所以我對它很感興趣。(interest)

        Im veryin physics because its very .

        2.當(dāng)他聽到令人沮喪的考試結(jié)果時(shí),他感到非常失望。(disappoint)

        When he heard theresult of the exam, he was very .

        3.有些人說印度電影令人厭煩,而另外一些人說它們好極了。(bore)

        Some people say Indian films , but others say theyre great.

        4.聽到這令人高興的消息,我們大家都高興得跳了起來。(please)

        All of us jumped with joy at thenews.

        5.瑪麗收到這樣的一封信,將會怎樣高興啊?。╠elight)

        HowMary will be to receive such a letter!

        6.年輕人喜歡某些激動人心的比賽。(excite)

        Young people are fond of somegames.

        7.進(jìn)入餐館時(shí),我們驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)里面全坐滿了。(surprise)

        When we entered the restaurant, we wereto find it completely full.

        8.在那次長途旅行中,那位老人感到非常疲倦。(tire)

        The old man was veryduring the long journey.

        9.主考人對我的表演一定感到很滿意。(please)

        The examiner must have beenwith my performance.

        10.老師給我們解釋了那道令人迷惑的難題。(puzzle)

        The teacher explained to us theproblem.

        11.你每天做同樣的事情感到厭煩嗎?(bore)

        Do you getdoing the same job every day?

        12.所有在場的人都被他那動人的故事感動了。(move)

        All the people present were greatlyby hisstory.

        13.那邊操場傳來的噪音真令人討厭。(annoy)

        The noise from the playground over there is very .

        14.你最可怕的經(jīng)歷是什么?(frighten)

        What is the mostexperience you have had?

        15. 聽到我的啟蒙老師去世的消息,我感到十分震驚。(shock)

        I wasat the news of my first teachers death.

        16.田野里的景色真迷人,不是嗎?(amaze)

        The sight in the fields is , isnt it?

        17.我是如此的興奮以致忘記了當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)是午夜了。(excite)

        I was sothat I forgot it was midnight.

        18.一天,瑪麗從她的醫(yī)生那里得到了一些令人震驚的消息。(shock)

        One day Mary received somenews from her doctor.

        19.因?yàn)槲掖中拇笠?,他已開始惱火了。(annoy)

        He was beginning to getwith me about my carelessness.

        20. 米麗亞姆太害怕了,不敢告訴家人發(fā)生了什么事。(frighten)

        Miriam was tooto tell her family what had happened.

        21.我從未聽到別人在背后說你的壞話。(say)

        I have never heard anythingagainst you behind your back.

        22.昨天你為什么把你的朋友留在那里等了那么長時(shí)間?(wait)

        Why did you leave your friendthere for so long a time yesterday?

        23.以前我從未見過這個(gè)單詞用于這樣的句子中。(use)

        I have never seen the wordin such a sentence like this before.

        24.剛才你注意到有人進(jìn)入實(shí)驗(yàn)室了嗎?(enter)

        Did you notice anyonethe lab just now?

        25.看見那位老大爺躺在地板上時(shí),他走過去把他扶了起來。(lie)

        When he saw the old manon the floor, he went over and helped him to stand up.

        26.那個(gè)小女孩看見有人從鄰居家搬走了一臺電視機(jī)。(carry)

        The little girl watched a TV setout of her neighbors house.

        27.自稱是志愿者的那些年輕人來自我們大學(xué)。(call)

        The young menthemselves volunteers come from our university.

        28. 我的自行車壞了,我準(zhǔn)備今天下午找人修一修。(fix)

        Something is wrong with my bike. Im going to have itthis afternoon.

        29.站在樹下的那個(gè)男孩是約翰的弟弟。(stand)

        The boyunder the tree is Johns younger brother.

        30. 我母親昨天買了一臺新洗衣機(jī)。(wash)

        My mother bought a newmachine yesterday.

        參考答案

        1.interested; interesting2. disappointing; disappointed3. boring4. pleasing5. delighted6. exciting7. surprised8. tired9. pleased10. puzzling11. bored12. moved; moving13. annoying14. frightening15. shocked16. amazing17. excited18. shocking19. annoyed20. frightened21. said22. waiting23. used24. entering25. lying26. carried27. calling28. fixed29. standing30. washing

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