電子時代來臨之前,巍峨的鐘樓在人們生活中扮演著重要角色。清澈洪亮的鐘聲響徹整個城市,人們在鐘聲中度過悠悠歲月。如今,鐘樓的報時作用已變得不再那么重要,甚至被世人遺忘,但鐘樓卻依舊是城市中一道靚麗的風(fēng)景。
Ranging from the candle clock to the word clock, this instrument has been used to indicate, keep, and co-ordinate time, becoming an essential part of everyday life. Although nowadays clocks are mostly used to show time, they have also become the symbols of important cities, attracting thousands of tourists every year. So sit back and relax while we present our top eight most famous clocks in the world.
從蠟燭時鐘到字時鐘,時鐘這一工具已經(jīng)成為我們?nèi)粘I钪斜夭豢缮俚囊徊糠?,一直被用來告訴我們時間,為我們計時,幫助我們協(xié)調(diào)日程。雖然現(xiàn)在時鐘主要被用來報時,但它們也已成為一些重要城市的標志,每年都吸引成千上萬的游客前往。所以,現(xiàn)在請坐下來放松一下,聽我們?yōu)槟榻B世界上最著名的八座時鐘吧。
Shepherd Gate Clock,
Greenwich, UK
英國格林尼治的謝潑德門鐘
The Shepherd Gate Clock adorns the wall outside the gate of the Royal Observatory Greenwich building in Greenwich, London. This fine-looking 24-hour clock, whose divisions1) are marked with Roman numbers, is famous as it provides the Greenwich Mean Time which is the standard measurement of time zones.
謝潑德門鐘鑲嵌在倫敦格林尼治的格林尼治皇家天文臺門外的墻上。這座外觀精美的24小時制時鐘的刻度用羅馬數(shù)字標示,所顯示的時間被稱為格林尼治標準時間,即各個時區(qū)的時間標準,這座鐘也因此聞名世界。
Spasskaya Tower Clock, Moscow, Russia
俄羅斯莫斯科的斯帕斯卡亞塔鐘
The Kremlin chiming2) clock is a historic clock placed in 1852 on the Spasskaya Tower Clock in Red District, Moscow. Major restoration3) of the chimes and the entire clock mechanism were carried out regularly, so now one can listen to Russia's National Anthem while admiring the renovated Kremlin clock. The musical theme is played four times a day with six-hour intervals.
這個克里姆林宮的報時鐘歷史悠久,于1852年被安放在位于莫斯科紅區(qū)的斯帕斯卡亞塔鐘上。其報時裝置以及整個時鐘機械裝置的主要修繕工作定期進行,所以我們現(xiàn)在可以在觀賞修葺一新的克里姆林宮時鐘的同時聆聽俄羅斯的國歌。這個主題旋律一天播放四次,每六小時播放一次。
The Rathaus-Glockenspiel, Munich, Germany
德國慕尼黑的市政廳鐘琴樓
This chiming clock can be found in the central Marienplatz in Munich. Tourists gather to see the Glockenspiel. With its 43 bells and 32 life-sized figures, it chimes every day at 11 a.m. (as well as 12 p.m. and 5 p.m. in summer). The upper part tells the story of one of the most expensive weddings of the Middle Ages, whereas on the lower level you can see the Schafflertanz4) (ritualistic dance) performed by the red-coated city's coopers (barrel makers). The show lasts for around 15 minutes, to the pleasure of the crowd.
你可以在慕尼黑的瑪麗恩廣場中央看到這個報時鐘,游客們聚集而來一覽這座鐘琴樓。鐘琴內(nèi)裝有43個鐘鈴和32個真人大小的玩偶,每天上午11點(夏天時還有中午12點和下午5點)鐘琴就會報時(編注:玩偶們這時會開始表演)。鐘琴樓上面的部分展現(xiàn)的是中世紀最奢華的婚禮之一,下面的部分則是由穿紅衣的制桶工人表演的夏夫樂舞(一種儀式性的舞蹈)。整場表演持續(xù)大約15分鐘,供鐘樓下的人們觀賞。
1.division [d??v??n] n. 刻度;標度
2.chime [t?a?m] vi. (鐘)報時,敲響;n. (時鐘的)報時裝置
3.restoration [?rest??re??n] n. 修復(fù)
4.Schafflertanz: 夏夫樂舞,起源于1517年,當時慕尼黑遭受黑死病侵襲,導(dǎo)致幾乎一半居民死亡。疫情減弱后,制桶工人走上街頭跳舞慶祝,從此這種舞蹈便稱為夏夫樂舞。
The Abraj Al-Bait Tower Clock, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
沙特阿拉伯麥加的皇家鐘塔
In Mecca, Saudi Arabia, one can stumble upon the Abraj Al-Bait Towers, also known as the Mecca Royal Hotel Clock Tower. Just imagine: the hotel tower is 601 meters tall (1972 feet), no less than 120 floors. Believe it or not, the four-faced clock is visible from 25 kilometers (16 miles) away.
在沙特阿拉伯的麥加,你無意中就能發(fā)現(xiàn)這座皇家鐘塔——又被稱為麥加皇家酒店鐘塔。想象一下,這座酒店塔樓高601米(1972英尺),相當于120多層樓的高度。信不信由你,你在25公里(16英里)之外都能看見這座四面有鐘的塔樓。
Strasbourg Cathedral Clock, Strasbourg, France
法國斯特拉斯堡的斯特拉斯堡教堂天文鐘
The Strasbourg Clock is located in the cathedral tower of Cathedral Notre-Dame of Strasbourg, one of the most beautiful gothic5) cathedrals in all Europe. Behind the decorative shell of the clock lays a mathematical6) demonstration: the clock is able to show the official time, indicate solar time7), the day of the week, the month, the year, the sign of the zodiac8), the phase of the moon, the position of several planets, and foresee upcoming leap years9). Moreover, animated characters launch into movement at different hours of the day. Simply put, this amazing clock as well as the cathedral are a must-see!
斯特拉斯堡天文鐘位于斯特拉斯堡圣母大教堂的鐘塔里,這座大教堂可是歐洲最美的哥特式教堂之一。時鐘的裝飾殼后面有精確的圖示:這座鐘可以顯示標準時間,指示太陽時、星期、月份、年份、黃道十二宮的符號、月相、一些行星的位置,還能預(yù)告即將到來的閏年。而且,在一天中不同的時段,這座鐘里都會有栩栩如生的人偶開始活躍地動起來。簡而言之,這座令人驚嘆的天文鐘以及它所在的大教堂都是必游之處!
5.gothic [?ɡ?θ?k] adj. 哥特式的。哥特式建筑的特點是尖塔高聳,有尖形拱門和大窗戶。
6.mathematical [?m?θ??m?t?kl] adj. 精確的
7.solar time: 太陽時,可分為真太陽時和平太陽時。這里指真太陽時,即地球自轉(zhuǎn)一圈的實際時間。地球是橢圓的,自轉(zhuǎn)一圈有時不到24小時,有時多于24小時。生活中用的是平太陽時,一天24小時整。
8.zodiac [?z??d??k] n. 【天】黃道帶;黃道十二宮圖
9.leap year: 閏年
10.apostle [??p?sl] n. 使徒(耶穌基督派遣傳布福音的十二門徒之一)
The Astronomical Clock, Prague, Czech Republic
捷克布拉格的天文鐘
The oldest astronomical clock is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Prague, Czech Republic. Situated on the southwest wall of the Old Town City Hall in the Old Town Square, it is overwhelming through its artistic beauty. Its technological complexity is remarkable: the clock keeps pace with of Earth, Moon, Sun, and stars. Moreover, when it strikes the two blue windows on the clock tower open and show processions of the wooden figures of the apostles10).
這座世界上最古老的天文鐘是捷克布拉格最受游客歡迎的景點之一。布拉格天文鐘在老城廣場的老市政廳西南墻上,不僅富于藝術(shù)美,而且其技術(shù)復(fù)雜性也令人贊嘆:它能與地球、月亮、太陽和星星同步運動。而且,當鐘聲敲響時,鐘樓上的兩扇藍色窗戶就會打開,人們就可以看到由木頭雕刻的耶穌十二使徒列隊祈禱的場景。
Time Square Clock, New York, USA
美國紐約的時報廣場時鐘
Times Square is thought to be the crossroads of the world as at least one million people pass through the square every day and have a look at the NY Time Square clock. The clock is the main attraction on New Year's Eve, when people gather for the countdown towards the New Year. Placed in the heart of the square, the digital clock was built half a century ago and is a representative land mark for the city.
紐約的時報廣場被認為是世界的十字路口,因為每天至少有上百萬人從這里經(jīng)過,并看看時報廣場的時鐘。這座鐘是新年前夜的主要景點,人們從四面八方聚到這里倒數(shù)計時,迎接新年。這座建于半個世紀前的數(shù)字時鐘位于廣場中心,是紐約代表性的地標建筑。
Big Ben Clock, London, UK
英國倫敦的大本鐘
Being without a doubt the most famous clock in the world, Big Ben is located in the clock tower in the House of Parliament (Palace of Westminster) in London. Seen as an excellent symbol of London, Big Ben is actually the nickname used for the main bell, also known as the Great Bell, the largest of the clock's five bells. The clock is known for its reliability, as even after the nearby House of Commons was destroyed by bombing during World War II, the clock kept on chiming.
位于倫敦議會大廈(即威斯敏斯特王宮)附屬塔樓上的大本鐘無疑是世界上最著名的時鐘。大本鐘被看做是倫敦絕佳的象征,而“大本鐘”這個名字其實是對鐘樓最主要的鐘(五個鐘里最大的一個)的昵稱,也被稱為大鐘。大本鐘因可靠而著名,因為甚至在二戰(zhàn)時鐘樓附近的下議院被炮彈炸毀后,這座鐘也沒有停止過報時。