I used to dream of a stadium filled with fans, everyone on their feet and holding a chocolate sandwich cookie, chanting1), \"Oreos, Oreos, Oreos,\" as Baltimore's baseball team won the World Series2).
I should be clear that (a) I know nothing about baseball, (b) I love Oreos, and (c) English is my second language. It is incredibly easy for me to mix up words that sound similar.
My Oreos dreams persisted until one night when I was having dinner with my friend Dave, a sports fanatic3), and the subject of baseball came up.
\"How cool is that?\" I said. \"A baseball team is named after a cookie!\"
\"What team is named after a cookie?\" Dave asked.
\"Oreos—you know, the Baltimore team.\"
Dave cast a long, silent glance at me and then said: \"The Orioles4) are named after a bird, not a cookie.\" He proceeded to spell it, trying to get me to pick up the difference between orioles and Oreos. I could hear the laughter in his voice.
This business of mixing up words is embarrassing, especially when I mispronounce people's names. Craig and Greg; John and Joan; Marian and Myriam. A few years ago, I worked with a Gail, who sat across from me, and a Gil, who sat next to me. When I called out to Gail5) (or to Gil), nine times out of 10, both would reply, \"Are you talking to me?\"
My son Alex laughed his pants off when I told him I had a \"sneaker\" for a snack. \"Mom,\" he said, \"Snickers, s-n-i-c-k-e-r-s, is a candy bar. Sneaker, s-n-e-a-k-e-r, is the shoe.\"
At least I am not swimming alone in this sea of mispronunciation. According to englishforums.com and collegenet.com, both native and nonnative speakers have trouble pronouncing words like nuclear, Realtor6), jewelry, library, and rural. Nuclear is often mispronounced \"nu-cu-lear\", Realtor becomes \"Rea-la-tor\", and jewelry changes to \"jew-le-ry\". Dr. Language at yourdictionary.com lists the 100 most often mispronounced words and phrases in English. Here are some words to watch out for.
·While a card shark sounds more dangerous, the word is card sharp7).
·Bob wire did not fence off8) the American frontier, barbed wire did.
·A blessing in the skies may refer to a rainbow, but you probably misheard \"a blessing in disguise\".
\"Take your time speaking, correctly enunciating9) each word,\" is Dr. Language's advice.
An added bonus is that pronouncing words correctly helps you spell them accurately, too, says Dr. Language. A friend of mine, who is a Venezuelan living in the United States, once wrote \"see me before you live\" on a note to one of his staff. Had my friend pronounced \"live\" and \"leave\" properly, he could have avoided ever having to employ a dead person.
\"Pay particular attention to new sounds,\" says Linda Miller, associate director at the Emerson College Writing Center, who has taught English as a Second Language10) for 30-plus years. Many English sounds don't exist in other languages, so nonnative speakers like me often substitute11) unfamiliar sounds with sounds they know from their own language. Linda was sometimes called \"Rinda\" because the \"l\" sound doesn't exist in the speaker's native language. And I had once announced my intention to memorize a \"ple-teho-la12)\" of English vocabularies in an ESL class. Chinese, my mother tongue, does not possess the sound of \"th\" or \"r\", after all.
Armed with tips from the experts, I asked Alex to demonstrate the correct pronunciation of orioles and Oreos. Unlike Eliza in My Fair Lady13) who was able to enunciate \"rain\", \"Spain\", and \"plain\" with clarity after some training, I never arrived at the epiphany14) of correctly distinguishing orioles from Oreos. Granted15), Alex is no Professor Higgins and a two-minute lesson is all we could handle as mother and son.
I no longer dream about a stadium full of fans chanting \"Oreos, Oreos\". I now dream about a flock of little bright orange birds singing to me like a church choir with a mission16): \"Orioles, orioles, orioles....\"
我過去常常夢到一個(gè)坐滿了球迷的體育場,當(dāng)巴爾的摩棒球隊(duì)在美國職業(yè)棒球總冠軍賽上奪冠時(shí),每個(gè)球迷都站起來,手持一枚巧克力夾心餅干,一遍又一遍地喊道:“奧利奧(Oreos),奧利奧,奧利奧?!?/p>
我應(yīng)該說清楚以下三點(diǎn):1. 我對棒球一無所知;2. 我喜歡吃奧利奧;3. 英語是我的第二語言。對我來說,混淆發(fā)音相近的單詞簡直易如反掌。
我一直做著我的奧利奧夢,直到一天晚上,我和朋友戴夫一起吃晚飯。戴夫是個(gè)狂熱的體育迷,我們邊吃邊聊起了棒球這個(gè)話題。
我說:“有個(gè)棒球隊(duì)是以一種餅干命名的,這多酷??!”
“什么隊(duì)是以餅干命名的?”戴夫問。
“奧利奧啊,你知道的,就是巴爾的摩奧利奧隊(duì)。”
戴夫沒吭聲,盯著我看了好一會(huì)兒之后才開口說:“巴爾的摩金鶯隊(duì)(the Orioles)是根據(jù)一種鳥命名的,不是餅干?!彼又€把隊(duì)名拼了出來,試圖讓我理解orioles和Oreos的不同。我能聽出他話音里的笑意。
混淆單詞這種事情真令人難堪,尤其是當(dāng)我叫錯(cuò)人名的時(shí)候,比如Craig和Greg,John和Joan,Marian和Myriam。幾年前,我有個(gè)同事叫Gail,坐我對面,還有個(gè)同事叫Gil,坐我旁邊。每每我喊Gail (或Gil)的名字時(shí),十有八九兩人都會(huì)回應(yīng):“你是在和我說話嗎?”
當(dāng)我告訴兒子亞歷克斯說我吃了一塊sneaker當(dāng)點(diǎn)心時(shí),他笑得都不行了?!皨寢?,”他說,“拼寫為s-n-i-c-k-e-r-s的snickers是一種巧克力棒(編注:指士力架),而你說的拼寫為s-n-e-a-k-e-r的sneaker指的是球鞋?!?/p>
至少,我不是蕓蕓眾生中唯一一個(gè)“發(fā)音錯(cuò)誤”的人。根據(jù)englishforums.com和collegenet.com這兩家網(wǎng)站的調(diào)查,不論是母語為英語還是非英語的人,他們在說nuclear、Realtor、jewelry、library和rural等詞時(shí)發(fā)音都有困難。Nuclear經(jīng)常被錯(cuò)說成nu-cu-lear,Realtor被說成Rea-la-tor,而jewelry則被變成了jew-le-ry。Yourdictionary.com網(wǎng)站的語言博士列舉了英語中最常被讀錯(cuò)的100個(gè)單詞和詞組,以下是一些需要注意的單詞。
·雖然card shark (紙牌鯊魚)聽起來要危險(xiǎn)得多,但這個(gè)單詞其實(shí)是card sharp (打牌常作弊者)。
·Bob wire (鮑伯電纜)無法隔離美國的邊境,但是barbed wire (帶刺鐵絲網(wǎng))可以。
·A blessing in the skies (空中福音)可能指的是彩虹,但更有可能是你把a(bǔ) blessing in disguise (貌似災(zāi)禍但最終卻讓人得福之事)聽錯(cuò)了。
語言博士建議說:“要慢慢地講,確保每個(gè)詞都發(fā)音正確、清晰?!?/p>
正確發(fā)音的一個(gè)額外好處就是,它也能幫你正確地拼寫單詞,語言博士說。我有一個(gè)朋友是委內(nèi)瑞拉人,他住在美國。有一次,他給一個(gè)員工寫了一張字條,上面寫著“see me before you live (活著之前來見我)”。要是他能把live (生存)和leave (離開)這兩個(gè)詞讀準(zhǔn)確,就可以避免不得不雇傭一個(gè)“死人”了。
愛默生學(xué)院寫作中心的副主任琳達(dá)·米勒教授英語為第二語言的課程已有30多年,她說:“要特別注意那些新的發(fā)音?!庇⒄Z中的許多發(fā)音在其他語言中并不存在,所以像我這樣母語不是英語的人經(jīng)常會(huì)用母語中自己熟悉的發(fā)音來代替英語中那些陌生的發(fā)音。Linda有時(shí)會(huì)被叫成Rinda,因?yàn)檎f話者的母語中不存在“L”的發(fā)音。我也曾在英語為第二語言的課程上宣布自己打算背誦超多(譯注:plethora意為“過多”,但作者把plethora讀成了ple-teho-la)的英語詞匯。畢竟,我的母語漢語里可沒有th或r的發(fā)音。
帶著專家們的建議,我讓亞歷克斯給我演示orioles和Oreos的正確發(fā)音。與《窈窕淑女》中的伊麗莎不同,她經(jīng)過一些訓(xùn)練就能清晰地讀出rain、Spain和plain,可我卻從來沒有達(dá)到頓悟的境界,將orioles和Oreos準(zhǔn)確地區(qū)分開來。誠然,亞歷克斯也不是《窈窕淑女》中的希金斯教授,而且我們母子之間能維持的“課程”最長也就兩分鐘吧。
我不再夢到那個(gè)擠滿了齊呼“奧利奧,奧利奧”的球迷的體育場?,F(xiàn)在,我夢到的是一群亮橙色的小鳥,它們像教堂里傳教的唱詩班一樣對我唱道:“金鶯,金鶯,金鶯……”
1.chant [t?ɑ?nt] vt. 反復(fù)地唱
2.the World Series: 美國職業(yè)棒球總冠軍賽,也稱世界職業(yè)棒球大賽,是美國職業(yè)棒球大聯(lián)盟(Major League Baseball,簡稱MLB)于每年10月組織的一項(xiàng)賽事,是美國以及加拿大職業(yè)棒球最高等級的賽事。
3.fanatic [f??n?t?k] n. 狂熱者
4.Orioles: 巴爾的摩金鶯棒球隊(duì)。oriole [???ri??l] n. 金鶯
5.call out to sb.: 喊某人的名字以引起注意
6.Realtor [?ri??lt?(r)] n. <美> (尤指作為全國房地產(chǎn)同業(yè)公會(huì)成員)房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人
7.card sharp: 打牌常作弊者
8.fence off: (用柵或似用柵)攔開,隔開
9.enunciate [??n?nsie?t] vt. (清晰地)發(fā)音
10.English as a Second Language: 簡稱為ESL,是針對母語非英語且把英語作為第二語言的語言學(xué)習(xí)者所學(xué)的專業(yè)英語課程,是外國學(xué)生申請美國大學(xué)所必修的一門語言課程。
11.substitute [?s?bst?tju?t] vt. 代替
12.這里指plethora。plethora [?pleθ?r?] n. 過多;過剩
13.My Fair Lady: 《窈窕淑女》,1964年上映的一部電影,根據(jù)愛爾蘭劇作家喬治·蕭伯納(George Bernard Shaw, 1856~1950)的舞臺劇《皮格馬利翁》(Pygmalion)改編而成,由奧黛麗·赫本(Audrey Hepburn, 1929~1993)主演,講述了語言舉止粗俗的賣花女Eliza Doolittle在語言學(xué)教授Henry Higgins的教導(dǎo)下成為上流社會(huì)的寵兒,而Higgins教授最終愛上她的故事。
14.epiphany [??p?f?ni] n. 對事物真諦的頓悟
15.granted [?ɡrɑ?nt?d] adv. 的確
16.mission [?m??n] n. 傳教工作