Although the phenomenon of judging the grade by skin color has been improved a lot since 100 years ago the issue of Emancipation Proclamation， racial discrimination is still arising. “One day it will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers.” For now， Martin Luther King’s dream hasn’t been the reality yet.

雖然100多年前，從《解放黑奴宣言》起，以膚色來判定等級的現(xiàn)象已大有改善，但種族歧視卻時有抬頭跡象?！坝谐蝗?，那里的黑人男孩和女孩將能與白人男孩和女孩情同骨肉，攜手并進(jìn)?！蹦壳翱磥恚R丁·路德·金的夢想仍未完全成為現(xiàn)實。

Minor groups always been openly and maliciously discriminated

少數(shù)裔屢受公開、惡意歧視

According to the statistics， in recent 50 years， in America， there are a lot of conflicts between white and black youths：

In May， 1980， an African-American driver was beaten to death by 4 white policemen and the court sentenced four people free which lead to revolt in Miami and 18 people dead and 400 injured.

In April， 1992， an African-American was badly beaten by 4 white policemen， though surveillance video has confirmed， they still sentenced free. This event caused serious revolt in Los Angeles and 59 people dead and 2300 injured.

In June， 1998， an African-American was dragged to death by a car by 3 white men， which shocked the whole country；

……

據(jù)統(tǒng)計，近50年來，在美國，白人青年與黑人青年發(fā)生的摩擦比比皆是：

1980年5月，一名非裔司機(jī)被4名白人警察毒打致死，法院宣判4人無罪釋放，導(dǎo)致當(dāng)時邁阿密發(fā)生暴亂，其中18人死亡，400人受傷；

1992年4月，一名非裔美國人遭到4名白人警察的暴打，雖有監(jiān)控錄像證實，但警察仍被宣判無罪。該事件引發(fā)洛杉磯嚴(yán)重暴亂，其中59人死亡，2，300人受傷；

1998年6月，一名非裔美國人被3名白人開車拖死，該事件引發(fā)全美震驚；

According to the report of the analysis on the data of police fatally shooting， the proportion of black youths dead by this is 21 times of that of white youths. According to NBC report， from 2010 to 2012， there are 1217 people shot dead by policemen， and the death rate of 15 to 19 years old black male youths is 31% and that of white male youths is 1%.

At the same time， besides African-Americans， there are also much discrimination for Asian-Americans and Hispanics：

據(jù)早前某機(jī)構(gòu)對警方致命槍擊案數(shù)據(jù)分析所得出的報告顯示，黑人男青年死于警方槍殺的比例高出白人男青年21倍。另據(jù)美國全國廣播公司報道，從2010-2012年，1，217人遭警察擊斃，其中15-19歲的黑人男青年死亡率約為31%，同齡白人男青年的比例約為1%。

與此同時，除非裔外，亞裔、拉美裔遭遇的歧視現(xiàn)象也層出不窮：

In December， 2014， a thirteen-year-old ethnic Chinese girl shot herself by blasting head in her home at Ohio. His foster father said， the girl has been verbally and physically insulted by classmates since fifth grade and some of them are insults targeting at her ethnic Chinese identity.

According to China Daily website report， the British authoritative survey showed that， 2/3 white people in Britain confessed that they at least have bias or discrimination on one minor group and Gypsies and Asians are listed； Spanish Federation of Industry and Commerce said that， “in this country， many stores openly refuse Hispanics， Maghrebs and Gypsies.

Australia Daily said that， among the survey of 500 high school students， more than half aborigines and Asians said they experienced malicious racial discrimination and affected their study.

2014年12月，一名年僅13歲的華裔女孩，在位于俄亥俄州的家中以開槍爆頭自盡的方式結(jié)束了生命。該女孩養(yǎng)父表示，女孩自五年級開始就受到來自同學(xué)的言語及肢體侮辱，部分行為是針對她華裔身份進(jìn)行的攻擊；

據(jù)中國日報網(wǎng)站消息，英國此前的權(quán)威調(diào)查報告顯示，2/3的英國白人坦承，他們對至少一個少數(shù)族裔或群體抱有偏見或歧視，其中吉普賽人、亞裔都位列榜單；而西班牙全國工商聯(lián)也對外指出，“在西班牙，很多商店會公開拒絕拉丁裔、馬格里布人、吉普賽人進(jìn)店。”

另據(jù)《澳洲日報》報道，在對500名高中學(xué)生的調(diào)查中，有超過一半的原住民和亞裔學(xué)生表示經(jīng)歷過惡意種族歧視，并因此影響到學(xué)業(yè)。

Implicit discrimination in it

隱性歧視摻雜其中

“Besides open and superficial discrimination， what let people more worried about racial discrimination is unconscious discrimination， namely implicit discrimination.” Some scholar said， except physical conflicts， most of people deny confessing as racists and dare not to face the problem， which makes the phenomenon more subtle.

In 2011， President of United States Obama wanted reelection， and only 40% residents thought he is qualified. So the White House had to publish his birth certificate in detail signed by his mother and midwife doctor and Obama also held a press conference at White House to clarify the public concerns. For this， New York Times made comments that， “Obama has to publish his birth materials to show the legitimacy of the campaign when finishing his first session， which in deed is the problem of racial issue.”

“種族歧視除公開、表面的惡意歧視外，讓世人更頭痛的是人們不自知的潛意識歧視，即隱性歧視。”有學(xué)者表示，除了肢體沖突外，大部分人抗拒承認(rèn)是種族主義者，不敢正視問題，使得歧視現(xiàn)象更加隱蔽。

2011年，時任美國總統(tǒng)的奧巴馬尋求連任，僅四成民眾表示其有資格，而后白宮不得不公布奧巴馬詳細(xì)出生證明，以及奧巴馬母親和接生醫(yī)生簽字，其本人更是于白宮召開記者會以示澄清公眾疑慮。對此，《紐約時報》發(fā)表評論，“奧巴馬在即將完成第一個任期時，仍要公布自己出生資料以示證明參選的合法性，說到底還是種族問題在作祟。”

In 2009， Henry Gates， famous professor of Harvard University， planned to break into his own house since he forgot the key， then white policemen brought him away and detained him in the police station. Though he was freed later， the subtext of the arrest was that “African-American doesn’t deserve living in the neighborhood like this.”

Famous people like Obama and Henry Gates are treated like this， and then just think about that of ordinary people. Besides， many experiments show the unconsciousness of racial discrimination exists in lots of fields. Such as mixed marriage， statistics show that among the mixed marriage in 2010， the combination of blacks and whites only covered 12%. What’s more， another newest polling data shows， 40% white people and 25% non-white people have no friends of other groups.

2009年，哈佛大學(xué)著名教授亨利·蓋茨因為沒有帶鑰匙準(zhǔn)備破自家門而入，白人警察即以“非法闖入”罪名將其帶走并拘留在警局，雖后被釋放，但僅憑亨利·蓋茨是非裔就拘捕的潛臺詞無非是，“非裔美國人不配入住這樣的社區(qū)?！?/p>

諸如奧巴馬、亨利·蓋茨皆為社會名人，尚且會受到如此待遇，普通民眾的遭遇可想而知。另外，還有多個實驗表明種族歧視的不自知意識，存在多個領(lǐng)域。例如，關(guān)于異族通婚的問題。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2010年美國新婚夫婦的跨族婚姻，黑人白人結(jié)合的比例僅為12%。此外，根據(jù)另一組最新民調(diào)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計，40%的白人和25%的非白人沒有其他族裔的朋友。