建筑設(shè)計(jì)：坂茂建筑事務(wù)所

紙教堂，基督城，新西蘭

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：坂茂建筑事務(wù)所

1 夜景/Night view

2011年2月22日，基督城發(fā)生里氏6.3級地震，185人遇難。市中心80%的建筑遭到破壞或已無法修復(fù)。基督城的象征“廣場大教堂”塔尖倒塌，建筑的其余部分嚴(yán)重?fù)p毀。2011年5月，一座臨時(shí)性大教堂被列上日程。“紙”教堂應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。這座建筑給城市帶來了一個(gè)紀(jì)念性空間，同時(shí)又是音樂、展覽、社區(qū)和公共活動(dòng)的多功能場地。等長的紙筒和約6m（20英尺）的貨運(yùn)集裝箱組成了一個(gè)三角形。因?yàn)樾问绞怯稍烫玫钠搅⒚鏇Q定的，所以紙筒的排列角度是漸變的。這座大教堂能容納700人，也可以作為活動(dòng)和音樂會(huì)的空間。

紙教堂的家具

從座椅開始，所有的15件家具都是定制設(shè)計(jì)的，包括桌子、講臺(tái)、合唱臺(tái)、善款箱、燭臺(tái)和公告板。使用的材料主要為木材和紙筒。在表達(dá)這些材料內(nèi)在垂直性的同時(shí)，每件家具都是為烘托大教堂的整體氣氛而精心設(shè)計(jì)的。（尚晉 譯）

On February 22, 2011, Christchurch experienced a devastating 6.3-magnitude earthquake. 185 people lost their lives and more than 80% of buildings downtown were either destroyed or damaged beyond repair. The spire of Christchurch's iconic "Cathedral in the Square" collapsed. The remainder of the building was severely damaged. In May of 2011, the construction of a temporary cathedral was put on schedule. Hence a paper cathedral came into being. It brings the city a monumental space that serves simultaneously for musical performances, exhibitions, and public activities. A triangle facade is formed by paper tubes of equal size and 6-meter/20-foot shipping containers. As the form is decided by the original facade, the paper tubes are set at progressively changing angles. This cathedral has a capacity of 700 people and also functions as an event and concert place.

Cardboard Cathedral Furniture

Beginning with the chairs, all 15 furniture items are specially designed, including the desks, pulpit, the choir stalls, donation boxes, candle holders, and bulletin board. The main materials used are wood and paper tubes. While expressing the inherent verticality of the materials, each item was carefully designed to enhance the overall ambiance of the cathedral.

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)/Project Team: Shigeru Ban, Yoshie Narimatsu, Voluntary Architects' Network

協(xié)助建筑師/Associate Architects: Warren and Mahoney/ Peter Marshall, Eugene Coleman

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Structural Engineers: Tezuka Structural Research and Laboratory, Holmes Consulting Group

總承建方/General Contractor: Naylor Love

建成時(shí)間/Construction Period: 2013.07

攝影/Photos: Bridgit Anderson (Fig.1, 5,9), Steven Goodenough (Fig.2,3,6-8,12,13)

2 內(nèi)景/Interior view

3 外景/Exterior view

4 來自富山的家庭聚集在2011年2月22日地震中13名日本學(xué)生遇難的地點(diǎn)/Families from Toyama City gather on the site where 13 Japanese students lost their lives in the February 22 earthquake, 2011.

評論

董功：作為在2011年地震中損毀的教堂的臨時(shí)替代建筑，紙教堂的主體結(jié)構(gòu)是架在兩翼集裝箱上的紙筒，它們形成序列，和敷設(shè)在外層的陽光板一起，過濾并柔和穿越其間的陽光，使教堂內(nèi)部的光環(huán)境均勻、平靜、安詳。這座教堂呈現(xiàn)著坂茂在建筑中一貫的對于“輕”的偏好。而這種建筑本體的語言取向，是否來源于他對于自然和災(zāi)難的思考？“輕”作為一種當(dāng)代人類面對自然的態(tài)度，也許可以在根本上改善日益加劇的環(huán)境惡化，消解災(zāi)難給人類帶來的痛苦。

莊慎：致意

從被地震損壞并造成大量罹難者的主教堂東西立面的抽象輪廓出發(fā)，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)變截面的現(xiàn)代形式和空間，這種延續(xù)性和形式美頗具說服力。然而，賦予這座教堂更大的魅力的還是紙管：巨型的用作建材，小型的制成家具。當(dāng)紙質(zhì)材料經(jīng)過特殊而復(fù)雜的工業(yè)化加工工藝，在較短時(shí)間內(nèi)重建起一座具有象征意義的公共空間時(shí)，這種方式將工業(yè)體系的“制造”隱沒于“建造”的追求之心中，于是，在這上帝之家，與造物之主呼應(yīng)的致意之情就油然而生了。

5 內(nèi)景/Interior view

Comments

DONG Gong: Built as a temporary replacement of the church destroyed by the earthquake in 2011, the main structure of the Cardboard Cathedral is formed by paper tubes sitting on the containers at both ends. They come in sequence. Together with the polycarbonate panel above, they filter and soften the sunlight passing through, making the interior space gentle, peaceful and tranquil. The Cardboard Cathedral reveals Shigeru Ban's preference for "lightness" in architecture. I am wondering if this linguistic tendency of architectural ontology comes from his thoughts on the nature and disaster. As a contemporary attitude towards nature, "lightness" may, in a fundamental, prevent progressive environmental deterioration and relieve people from the pains brought about by natural disasters.

ZHUANG Shen: Tribute

A modern form and space with varied cross-sections is created from the abstract outline of the east and west facades of the church that was damaged by the earthquake and killed a large number of people. The beauty in this continuity and form is convincing. Nevertheless, it is paper tubes that endow the church with greater charm: The large tubes are used as building materials and the small ones as furniture. When paper, after special and complicated industrial processing, is applied to the reconstruction of a symbolic public space in a fairly short time, the "manufacturing" of the industrial system is hidden in pursue of "construction".Thus, in the home of God, arises naturally a tribute to the Creator.

Cardboard Cathedral, Christchurch, New Zealand, 2013

Architects: Shigeru Ban Architects

6-9 內(nèi)景/Interior view

12.13 紙教堂的家具/Cardboard Cathedral furniture

10 概念示意/Concept diagram

11 軸測示意/Axonometric diagram