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        Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China

        2013-04-12 00:00:00
        時(shí)代英語·高一 2013年1期

        詞匯及短語精析

        1. equal adj. 平等的

        All men are born equal. 人生來平等。

        拓展:vt. 等;和……相等;抵得上

        Three plus five equals eight. 3加5等于8。

        None of us can equal her in strength.

        在力氣方面我們當(dāng)中無人能比得上她。

        n. 相等的事物(或數(shù)量);(地位等)相同的人

        She has no equal in English. 誰的英語也比不上她。

        短語:

        be equal to... 與……相等;相當(dāng)于;能任勝;能應(yīng)付

        on an equal footing 平等地;處于平等地位

        2. order n. 秩序;順序;狀況;命令;指示;訂購;訂貨

        v. 命令;訂購

        The young teacher can’t keep order in her classroom.

        那位年輕教師無法維持課堂秩序。

        The names are in alphabetical order.

        名字按字母順序排列。

        Things were in terrible order. 情況一團(tuán)糟。

        He gave orders that the job be done in three days.

        他指示三天內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作。

        The company received a large order for computers.

        這家公司接到一份要求大量供應(yīng)電腦的訂單。

        拓展:vt. 命令;吩咐

        (1) 跟帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

        The emperor ordered them to work at once.

        皇帝命令他們馬上干活。

        (2) 跟帶介詞短語或副詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

        He ordered me back. 他命令我回去。

        He ordered us to the front. 他命令我們奔赴前線。

        (3) 跟從句,從句中用(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形

        He ordered that we (should) do it at once.

        他命令我們立刻去做。

        (4) 跟名詞

        The chairman ordered silence. 主席要大家安靜。

        短語:

        in order of... 照(依)……排列

        in order of size / importance 按大小 / 重要性排列

        out of order 不合規(guī)定;壞了

        in good working order 處于良好(可以工作的)狀態(tài)

        in order 處于正常情況;情況良好;井井有條

        under orders 按命令(行事);接到命令

        take orders from 聽從……的命令

        注意:以上短語中不使用冠詞

        3. condition n. 狀況;環(huán)境;條件

        (1) 狀況;狀態(tài)(多作不可數(shù)名詞)

        What’s the patient’s condition?

        病人的情況如何?

        He can’t travel in that condition.

        在那種狀態(tài)下,他不能旅行。

        (2) 情況;環(huán)境(多作復(fù)數(shù))

        The miners there worked in dreadful conditions.

        那里的礦工們?cè)跇O其惡劣的環(huán)境中工作。

        Conditions were favorable for business then.

        當(dāng)時(shí)的形勢(shì)有利于經(jīng)商。

        (3) 條件(可數(shù))

        I’ll do it on condition that you pay for everything.

        我可以做此事,條件是你得支付一切費(fèi)用。

        Hard work is a condition of success.

        勤奮是成功的前提。

        短語:

        be in condition 身體很好

        be out of condition 身體不適

        be in good condition 完好無損

        be in no condition to (身體狀況)不適做……

        on condition that 在……條件下

        on no condition 決不(放在句首會(huì)引起部分倒裝)

        比較:condition,state和situation的區(qū)別

        (1) state表“狀態(tài);狀況”時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)人或事物在某種特定時(shí)期內(nèi)具有的特征和所處的環(huán)境,如normal state,the mental state,the present state。

        The building is in a bad state of repair.

        這棟建筑急需修理。

        (2) condition含義與state基本相同,用于這一含義時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞。conditions指“形勢(shì);事態(tài);環(huán)境”。

        The goods arrived in good condition.

        貨物抵達(dá)完好無損。

        (3) situation指“形勢(shì);情況;局面”,往往指一組情況或一些情況的綜合。

        The people of the world want to end the situation of war between the two countries.

        全世界人民希望結(jié)束這兩國(guó)之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)局面。

        4. principle n. 原則;道義;為人之道

        You may find the examples dated in this book, but the principles still hold true.

        盡管書中的例子陳舊了,但原則仍然適用。

        It is a matter of principle with her to answer her children’s questions honestly.

        如實(shí)回答孩子們的問題對(duì)她來說關(guān)系到做人的原則。

        短語:in principle 原則上;大致上

        on principle 按照原則

        5. stress vt. 強(qiáng)調(diào);著重;加壓力于;使緊張

        n. 壓力;重音

        The English teacher stressed the importance of reading aloud.

        英語老師強(qiáng)調(diào)了朗讀的重要性。

        Stress the second syllable.

        重讀第二個(gè)音節(jié)。

        The weight of snow stressed the roof to the point of collapsing.

        雪的重量壓得屋頂快要塌了。

        6. bring up 養(yǎng)育;撫養(yǎng);培養(yǎng);提出;嘔吐

        Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.

        她出生后不久父母雙亡,是由姑母撫養(yǎng)大的。

        I was brought up to always respect the old.

        我從小就被教導(dǎo)要尊重長(zhǎng)輩。

        The lunar exploration has brought up a new subject.

        對(duì)月球的探測(cè)帶來一個(gè)新課題。

        He was so ill that he brought up everything.

        他病得很厲害,什么都吐出來了。

        7. for the first time 第一次

        Ten years ago, I went to the tropics for the first time.

        十年前,我第一次到熱帶去。

        I shall never forget seeing you for the first time in 1964.

        我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了1964年第一次見到你的情景。

        比較:for the first time和the first time的區(qū)別

        (1) for the first time首次;第一次,表示有生以來或一段時(shí)間內(nèi)第一次做某事,在句中一般單獨(dú)作狀語。

        The two girl students talked for the first time at the beginning of the term.

        兩位女生在開學(xué)初首次交談。

        (2) the first time首次;第一次,常引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,其重點(diǎn)不是講第一次做什么,而是說明另一動(dòng)作或情況;也可以作表語,強(qiáng)調(diào)到說話為止某一情況或動(dòng)作的次數(shù)。

        I knew we would be good friends the first time I met her.

        第一次見到她,我就知道我們會(huì)成為好朋友。

        This is the first time I have been to the Great Wall.

        這是我第一次來到長(zhǎng)城。

        8. hear of 聽說

        (1) hear of作“聽說”講,指聽到別人說某人或某事(即間接聽說),后面通常接名詞或代詞,與hear about同義。

        I have never heard of such a man.

        我從未聽說過這樣一個(gè)人。

        (2) (will not) hear of 不同意;不允許

        He wouldn’t hear of me paying for the bill.

        他不肯讓我付賬。

        拓展:sb hear (that)... 某人聽說……

        make oneself heard 高聲說話使別人聽見

        hear from 收到……的信息;接……的來信

        hear sb out 聽完(某人的話)

        hear sb do 聽見某人做某事(針對(duì)已完成的事,被動(dòng)

        時(shí)則用sb be heard to do)

        hear sb doing 聽見某人做某事(針對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的事,

        被動(dòng)時(shí)則用sb be heard doing)

        9. they say (that) 人家說;據(jù)說

        They say that Ken is very good at operating computers.

        = It is said that Ken is good at operating computers.

        = Ken is said to be very good at operating computers.

        據(jù)說肯很會(huì)操作電腦。

        10. a bit 有點(diǎn);稍微

        I’m a bit tired tonight.

        今晚我有點(diǎn)疲倦。

        The painting on the wall is a bit crooked.

        墻上的油畫有些歪。

        11. if so 要是那樣的話;在那種情況下

        If so, then my friend Peter is a bit mad.

        要是那樣的話,那么我的朋友彼得就有點(diǎn)瘋了。

        If so, why didn’t you tell me?

        如果是這樣,你為什么不告訴我?

        拓展:if any 假如有

        if possible 如果可能的話

        if only 只要……就好了;但愿

        if anything 如果有什么(區(qū)別)的話

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