胡新喜,龐萬福,金黎平,黃科,劉明月,熊興耀,*
(1.湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)園藝園林學(xué)院,湖南長沙410128;2.湖南省馬鈴薯工程技術(shù)研究中心,湖南長沙410128;3.中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081)
2012年國外馬鈴薯栽培領(lǐng)域研究概況
胡新喜1,2,龐萬福3,金黎平3,黃科1,劉明月2,熊興耀1,3*
(1.湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)園藝園林學(xué)院,湖南長沙410128;2.湖南省馬鈴薯工程技術(shù)研究中心,湖南長沙410128;3.中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081)
從水分管理、氮、磷、鉀肥和有機(jī)肥的施用和馬鈴薯與其他作物的輪間(套)作等方面,對2012年國外馬鈴薯栽培生理與技術(shù)研究做了簡要的回顧??傮w看來,氮肥和水分管理是近期國外馬鈴薯栽培技術(shù)研究的主要內(nèi)容,尤其是氮肥的施用,不僅直接影響馬鈴薯的產(chǎn)量、質(zhì)量等,還對土壤、地下水等環(huán)境質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生重要影響。有機(jī)肥的施用和輪間(套)作將成為未來馬鈴薯栽培技術(shù)研究的熱點之一。
馬鈴薯;水分;肥料;產(chǎn)量;品質(zhì)
馬鈴薯是世界第四大糧食作物,適應(yīng)性強,產(chǎn)量高,需肥量大,但近年來全球馬鈴薯單產(chǎn)和總產(chǎn)均徘徊不前。作者通過查閱文獻(xiàn),對2012年國外關(guān)于馬鈴薯栽培技術(shù)方面的研究進(jìn)行了綜述。從收集的國外有關(guān)這方面的研究文獻(xiàn)來看,主要側(cè)重于水分管理、施肥(特別是N肥)和輪間(套)作等對馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量與品質(zhì)的影響和氮流失及土壤環(huán)境的影響。
水分脅迫對馬鈴薯的影響,特別是水分不足對馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響,一直是人們關(guān)注的重點。Alva等[1]的研究結(jié)果表明,與充分灌水相比,非充分灌溉灌水(減少14%~20%),其產(chǎn)量就降低7%~ 28%,產(chǎn)量減少的原因主要是大薯比例的降低,非充分灌溉引起葉柄NO3--N濃度的升高,高濃度的NO3--N在塊莖成熟期影響塊莖的品質(zhì)。Ierna和Mauromicaleb[2]研究了灌溉時期對早熟馬鈴薯塊莖產(chǎn)量和灌溉水分利用效率的影響,認(rèn)為前期(在塊莖形成至塊莖生長到50%期間)灌水效率較高。灌溉方式對馬鈴薯的產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量也有較大的影響,Alva等[3]的研究表明,在低氮情況下,充分灌溉馬鈴薯的產(chǎn)量明顯高于灌溉不足,但在高氮情況下,差異不明顯,且低氮情況下非充分灌溉的塊莖生物產(chǎn)量所占比例高于充分灌溉,高氮情況下比例差異不大。Ati等[4]報道,在充分灌溉的情況下,溝灌與滴灌的產(chǎn)量差異不明顯。馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量在噴灌灌水量為1.25 ETc(Crop evapotranspiration,ETc,作物日蒸騰量),產(chǎn)量較高,而噴灌量為0.5 ETc時,產(chǎn)量很低,但水分利用率與灌水量成負(fù)相關(guān)[5]。土壤濕度和溫度在一定范圍受覆蓋措施調(diào)節(jié),在不灌溉的條件下,覆蓋能提高土壤濕度5.7%~9.5%,土壤溫度在白天氣溫較高時有所降低,而在晚間氣溫較低時則明顯提高;在有灌溉的條件下,覆蓋干草也能提高土壤溫度;同時,覆蓋還能增加土壤中的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量[6]。在溫室條件下,用盆栽試驗研究根際部分干旱對馬鈴薯的影響,其結(jié)果表明,塊莖干物量隨水分供應(yīng)量的減少而降低;在傳統(tǒng)灌水量的60%條件下,產(chǎn)量最高,而且生物產(chǎn)量也有同樣的趨勢[7]。馬鈴薯的節(jié)水滴灌系統(tǒng)中,施用有機(jī)肥和覆蓋對土壤濕度及水分分布有影響。在灌水處理為100%,75%和50%的條件下,覆蓋可以提高土層10 cm處的濕度[8]。
灌水不足和根際部分干旱,對馬鈴薯的氣孔形態(tài)學(xué)有明顯的影響。根際部分干旱(Partial root-zone drying,PRD)處理由于根際水分分布不勻,保衛(wèi)細(xì)胞大小小于灌水不足但相對均勻的處理(Deficit irrigation,DI),但是氣孔大小差異不明顯,氣孔密度在中高施氮水平也有變小的趨勢;葉片13C的含量變化與土壤中的水分含量呈負(fù)相關(guān),PRD與DI之間的葉面積差異不明顯,但卻隨施N水平的提高而增加;在灌水不足(DI)的情況下氣孔大小與氣孔導(dǎo)度和蒸騰速率呈正相關(guān)性比氣孔面積更強,在PRD和高N情況下,馬鈴薯植株通過較小的氣孔和氣孔密度提高水分的利用率[9]。
2.1 施氮研究
施氮對馬鈴薯非常重要,施氮過少,影響馬鈴薯的生長及塊莖的膨大,施氮過量,將引起環(huán)境污染和資源浪費,同時也影響了塊莖的品質(zhì),但是研究表明不同國家或地區(qū)、不同品種對氮的需求量不一樣。Kandi等[10]研究了施用不同水平的氮肥后馬鈴薯N的吸收及其在不同器官和塊莖中的分配,結(jié)果表明,不同施氮水平馬鈴薯在枝梢N含量、塊莖N含量、枝梢N吸收、塊莖N吸收和整株N吸收、N利用率、塊莖蛋白質(zhì)含量、枝梢與塊莖干重、收獲指數(shù)、塊莖鮮重等方面均有顯著差異;每公頃施用100 kg氮肥,其氮肥利用率最高。Alva等[1]研究表明,施N水平在112 kg/hm2時葉柄NO3--N濃度遠(yuǎn)低于224 kg/hm2,產(chǎn)量也顯著降低。112 kg/hm2N的基肥和224 kg/hm2N的追肥,能獲得高產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量的塊莖。氮肥的施用方法對馬鈴薯塊莖的產(chǎn)量受到廣泛重視[11-16]。在加拿大西部馬鈴薯產(chǎn)區(qū),似乎地形對馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量的影響不明顯,但基于葉柄N分析,N肥可以在整個生長期施用,因為加拿大西部的馬鈴薯生長季節(jié)很短[14]。Sun等[13]研究了氮肥施用時期對馬鈴薯品種‘克新13’的影響,結(jié)果表明,播種時每公頃施用100 kg N,塊莖膨大期前1周每公頃施用50 kg N,總產(chǎn)量增加不明顯,但可顯著提高商品薯率,增加單個塊莖的重量。氮肥施用量可以通過土壤和植株測定進(jìn)行優(yōu)化[12],通過作物的反應(yīng)也能判斷N肥的施用效果從而達(dá)到既能保持產(chǎn)量又能節(jié)約氮肥用量的效果[17]。
氮肥過量施用,對環(huán)境也會造成不利影響。馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)上每年都要施用大量的氮肥,將會有大量的N2O從土壤排放到大氣中,同時也在淋失而污染地下水。因此,氮肥過量施用會有安全隱患。在伊朗的冷涼地區(qū),Vaezzadeh和Naderidarbaghshahi[15]以每公頃施用350 kg尿素為對照,比較研究525 kg(增加50%)、700 kg(增加100%)、875 kg(增加150%)施N量對馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量及亞硝酸鹽積累的影響,結(jié)果表明,增施氮肥有一定的增產(chǎn)效果,但同時會大幅度地增加塊莖中亞硝酸鹽的積累,導(dǎo)致塊莖安全性不能保證。Gao等[18]研究表明,隨著施氮水平的提高,N2O釋放增加,釋放高峰出現(xiàn)在施肥和下雨或灌溉之后,畦面積水也能促進(jìn)其釋放,這對施氮后的灌溉管理具有重要的參考意義。因此,Burton等[19]認(rèn)為,對于雨養(yǎng)馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng),減少N2O排放的措施有:改善施N方法(施用方法和施肥時期)、輪作選擇、施用有機(jī)肥以及排水技術(shù)等??蒯尫实氖┯没蛟S也是減少降雨養(yǎng)馬鈴薯土壤中N2O的排放,但對其農(nóng)藝效率和環(huán)境效益仍然需要做進(jìn)一步的評估[20]。而Liu等[21]的研究表明,滿足土壤保水量80%的灌溉比20%的灌溉量N流失減少58%~80%。
2.2 施鉀研究
馬鈴薯是喜鉀作物,施鉀的多少影響了馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。Khan等[22]研究表明,225 kg/hm2K的產(chǎn)量最高,但與150 kg/hm2相比,產(chǎn)量差異不顯著,但是塊莖干物量、比重、淀粉含量、維生素C隨著施鉀量增加而增加,薯片顏色也改善。施用硫酸鉀的馬鈴薯塊莖的干物含量和比重大于施用氯化鉀。施用鉀肥不僅有一定的增產(chǎn)效果,而且能夠顯著地提高水分的利用效率[4]。Mohr和Tomasiewicz[23]的研究表明,種前施用氯化鉀作基肥能顯著提高總產(chǎn)和商品薯產(chǎn)量,而在塊莖膨大期施用氯化鉀則降低小薯的比例增加大薯的比例,但施用氯化鉀降低了塊莖的比重;葉柄、塊莖及土壤中的鉀離子和Cl-離子隨著氯化鉀的施用而提高。Sarikhani和Aliasgharzad[24]的研究表明,接種富鉀的叢枝菌根真菌可以顯著提高塊莖淀粉、干重、比重,起到增施鉀肥的效果。Lakshmi等[25]研究表明,較高水平的氮和鉀才能滿足馬鈴薯生長的需要,180 kg/hm2的K和N時產(chǎn)量最高,N和K的吸收量最多,各生長期土壤中可利用的N和K量最高。
2.3 施磷研究
馬鈴薯作物需磷較氮和鉀少,但是植株生長發(fā)育和代謝所必需的。Fleisher等[26]的研究表明,低磷水平時馬鈴薯干物質(zhì)含量比高磷時減少42%,葉片凈光合速率減少58%,氣孔導(dǎo)度降低43%,高水平CO2(800 μmol/mol)濃度時馬鈴薯干物質(zhì)含量提高13%。缺磷時生化模型參數(shù)、羧化速率、二磷酸核酮糖的再生、磷酸丙糖的利用降低,但幾乎不受CO2濃度增長的影響;冠層同化速率在高濃度CO2增加,尤其是在中等磷水平時,冠層蒸騰速率在高濃度CO2和低濃度磷時減少。CO2和磷缺乏相互作用,因為CO2的作用在不同磷水平都呈相同的趨勢。Ekelf等[27]的研究表明,土壤水分含量有助于葉面施磷的吸收和運輸,而土壤中的磷抑制葉面對磷的吸收。
施用磷肥對不同作物栽培模式下土壤中重金屬含量有明顯的影響。Cheraghi等[28]的研究表明,在施用磷肥的同時,有可能把重金屬物質(zhì)附帶地施入土壤中,種了馬鈴薯和甜菜的土壤中有Cs的富集,可能就是因為長期過量施用磷肥的結(jié)果。
2.4 有機(jī)肥及其與化肥的合施研究
有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)是未來農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的方向,2012年在馬鈴薯種植上對施用有機(jī)肥也進(jìn)行了一些有益的探索。氮肥和有機(jī)肥配合施用對馬鈴薯葉綠素含量、產(chǎn)量和塊莖糖苷生物堿有明顯影響,葉片中葉綠素a、葉綠素b和葉綠素總量與有機(jī)肥和氮肥的使用量呈正相關(guān),每公頃施用20 t有機(jī)肥和150 kg化學(xué)N肥,產(chǎn)量達(dá)到最高(36.8 t/hm2)[29]。N'Dayegamiye等[30]的研究表明,增施有機(jī)肥能提高化學(xué)N肥的利用率、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì),減少N的需求,各種有機(jī)肥之間的產(chǎn)量差異不明顯。Mosa[31]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),施用腐殖質(zhì)能提高根際土壤濕度,提高水分灌溉效率,增加土壤養(yǎng)分及其供應(yīng),提高肥料利用效率,提高植株抗病性。而Bernard等[32]研究表明,堆肥顯著影響了土壤微生物群落,增加了革蘭氏陽性菌和真菌的水平。Machado和Sarmiento[33]研究了不同類型氮肥對馬鈴薯生長的影響,結(jié)果表明,在相同水平的N肥情況下,稻殼+化肥、畜禽糞便+稻殼+化肥與純施氮肥和畜禽糞便+化肥相比,N的吸收,葉面積指數(shù)與持續(xù)時間、截獲輻射(Intercepted radiation,IPAR)、干物質(zhì)和塊莖產(chǎn)量顯著增加。Jones等[34]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),前茬作物、有機(jī)肥及水分管理顯著影響了馬鈴薯葉片葉綠素含量、塊莖N的含量、產(chǎn)量,并引起了包括脅迫反應(yīng)、糖酵解等功能組蛋白等蛋白組的變化。施用NPK復(fù)合肥、家禽糞以及NPK復(fù)合肥與家禽糞配合施用的鮮薯產(chǎn)量和去皮的鮮薯產(chǎn)量都比對照的高,但干物質(zhì)含量差異不明顯;塊莖中N,P,K的含量相差各異;各種微量和痕量元素在不同施肥方案之間相差不明顯,但塊莖皮(薯皮)中的含量比去皮的塊莖(薯肉)高[35]。
輪套(間)作即可提高復(fù)種指數(shù),提高糧食總產(chǎn),又克服作物連作障礙。Essah[36]的研究表明,前茬為綠肥作物對馬鈴薯塊莖大小、品質(zhì)有很好的促進(jìn)作用。Hu等[37]的研究表明,馬鈴薯—卷心菜輪作系統(tǒng)年N吸收量高達(dá)110 kg/hm2,顯著高于馬鈴薯單作,土壤0~160 cm土層殘留的NO3--N顯著低于馬鈴薯單作,太陽能利用率和土壤利用率遠(yuǎn)高于單作。
Chapagain等[38]研究了高原地區(qū)高蛋白玉米與馬鈴薯間作,結(jié)果表明,玉米比馬鈴薯后播4周,馬鈴薯的產(chǎn)量最高,但玉米比馬鈴薯后播超過2周,產(chǎn)量明顯降低,且馬鈴薯品種對間作影響很大。Ojaghian等[39]的研究表明,油菜綠肥能降低核盤菌誘導(dǎo)的馬鈴薯莖腐病,其中芥菜型有效抑制效果最好,其次是甘藍(lán)型油菜和白菜型油菜。
Evers等[40]的研究表明,7/2℃(D/N)低溫處理馬鈴薯誘導(dǎo)顯著差異表達(dá)的基因比鹽脅迫多,但鹽脅迫誘導(dǎo)的差異蛋白是低溫處理的3倍。低溫脅迫和鹽脅迫下光合作用相關(guān)蛋白為下調(diào)基因。
2012年國外在馬鈴薯水分管理、施肥管理和輪套(間)作等栽培生理及技術(shù)研究方面開展了深入研究,研究成果為馬鈴薯的高產(chǎn)高效和可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)提供了技術(shù)支持,也將為我國馬鈴薯栽培研究提供參考。未來馬鈴薯栽培生理及技術(shù)研究將繼續(xù)圍繞水分管理、施肥管理特別是氮肥與有機(jī)肥管理、輪套(間)作等方面從形態(tài)、細(xì)胞、生理、轉(zhuǎn)錄組、蛋白質(zhì)組等水平開展深入研究。
[1]Alva A K,Moore A D,Collins H P.Impact of deficit irrigation on tuber yield and quality of potato cultivars[J].Journal of Crop Improvement,2012,26(2):211-227.
[2]Ierna A,Mauromicaleb G.Tuberyield and irrigation waterproductivity in early potatoes as affected by irrigation regime[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2012,115:276-284.
[3]Alva A K,Ren H,Moore A D.Water and nitrogen management effects on biomass accumulation and partitioning in two potato cultivars[J].American JournalofPlantSciences,2012,3:164-170.
[4]Ati A S,Iyada A D,Najim S M.Water use efficiency of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)under different irrigation methods and potassium fertilizer rates[J].Annals of Agricultural Science,2012, 57(2):99-103.
[5]Fouda T,Elmetwalli A,Eltaher A.Response of potato to nitrogen and water deficit under sprinkler irrigation[J].Scientific Papers Series-Management,Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development,2012,12(1):77-81.
[6]Xing Z,TonerP,Chow L,etal.Effectsofhay mulch on soil properties and potato tuber yield under irrigation and nonirrigation in New Brunswick,Canada[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2012,138(8):703-714.
[7]Yactayo W,Gutiérrez R,Mendiburu F,et al.Effect of partial rootzone drying on the growth of potted potato plants under greenhouse conditions[C].15th Triennial ISTRC Symposium, International Society for Tropical Root Crops(ISTRC).2012:47-54.
[8]Al-Sheikhly A H,Al-Janaby M A A.Effect of organic manure and mulching on soil moisture distribution under deficit drip irrigation system forpotato[J].Diyala AgriculturalSciences Journal,2012,4(1): 166-180.
[9]Yan F,Sun Y,Song F,et al.Differential responses of stomatal morphology to partial root-zone drying and deficit irrigation in potato leaves under varied nitrogen rates[J].Scientia Horticulturae, 2012,145:76-83.
[10]Kandi M A S,Tobeh A,Gholipouri A,et al.Investigation of nitrogen uptake and partitioning in different plant organs and tubers N content affected by application of different N fertilizer levels in potato cultivars[J].International Journal of Agriculture:Research and Review,2012,2(2):68-73.
[11]Zebarth B J,Bélanger G,Cambouris A N,et al.Nitrogen fertilization strategies in relation to potato tuber yield,quality,and crop N recovery[M].Sustainable Potato Production:Global Case Studies.Netherlands:Springer,2012:165-186.
[12]Ziadi N,Zebarth B J,Bélanger G,et al.Soil and plant tests to optimize fertilizer nitrogen management of potatoes[M]. Sustainable Potato Production:Global Case Studies.Netherlands: Springer,2012,187-207.
[13]Sun L,Gu L,Peng X,et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application time on dry matter accumulation and yield of Chinese potato variety KX 13[J].Potato Research,2012,55:303-313.
[14]Moulin AP,Cohen Y,Alchanatis V,etal.Yield responseofpotatoesto variable nitrogen managementby landform elementand in relation to petiole nitrogen-Acase study[J].Canadian JournalofPlantScience, 2012,92(4):771-781.
[15]Vaezzadeh M,Naderidarbaghshahi M.The effect of various nitrogenfertilizer amounts on yield and nitrate accumulation in tubers of two potato cultivars in cold regions of Isfahan(Iran)[J]. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences,2012,4 (22):1688-1691.
[16]Curless M A,Kelling K A,Speth P E,et al.Effect of manure application timing on potato yield,quality,and disease incidence[J]. American Journal of Potato Research,2012,89:363-373.
[17]Evert F K,Booij R,Jukema J N,et al.Using crop reflectance to determine sidedress N rate in potato saves N and maintains yield [J].European Journal of Agronomy,2012,43:58-67.
[18]Gao X,Tenuta M,Nelson A,et al.Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate on nitrous oxide emission from irrigated potato on a clay loam soil in Manitoba,Canada[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2013,93:1-11.
[19]Burton DL,Zebarth B J,McLeod J A,et al.Nitrous oxide emissions from potato production and strategies to reduce them[M]. Sustainable Potato Production:Global Case Studies.Netherlands: Springer,2012,251-271.
[20]Zebarth B J,Snowdon E,David L,et al.Controlled release fertilizer product effects on potato crop response and nitrous oxide emissions under rain-fed production on a medium-textured soil[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2012,92(5):759-769.
[21]Liu G,LiY,Alva AK,etal.Enhancingnitrogen use efficiency ofpotato and cereal crops by optimizing temperature,moisture balanced nutrientsand oxygenbioavailabity[J].JournalofPlantNutrition,2012, 35(3):428-441.
[22]Khan M Z,Akhtar M E,Hassan M,et al.Potato tuber yield and quality as affected by rates and sources of potassium fertilizer[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition.2012,35(5):664-677.
[23]Mohr R M,Tomasiewicz D J.Effect of rate and timing of potassium chloride application on the yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.'Russet Burbank')[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,2012,92(4):783-794.
[24]Sarikhani M R,Aliasgharzad N.Comparative effects of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and K fertilizer on tuber starch and potassium uptake by potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)[J].International Journal of Agriculture:Research and Review,2012,2(3): 125-134.
[25]Lakshmi D V,Padmaja G,Rao P C.Effect of levels of nitrogen and potassium on soil available nutrient status and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)[J].Indian JournalofAgriculturalResearch, 2012,46(1):36-41.
[26]Fleisher D H,Wang Q,Timlina D J,et al.Response of potato gas exchange and productivity to phosphorus deficiency and carbon dioxide enrichment[J].Crop Science,2012,52(4):1803-1815.
[27]EkelfJE,Asp H,Jensen E S.Potato yield response to foliarapplication of phosphorus as affected by soil moisture and available soil phosphorus[J].Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica,Section B-Soil& PlantScience,2012 62(7):637-643.
[28]CheraghiM,LorestaniB,Merrikhpour H.Investigation ofthe effects of phosphate fertilizer application on the heavy metal content in agricultural soils with different cultivation patterns[J].Biological Trace ElementResearch,2012,145:87-92.
[29]Najma A,Hadib M R H S,Fazelic F,et al.Effect of integrated management of nitrogen fertilizer and cattle manure on the leaf chlorophyll,yield,and tuber glycoalkaloids of Agria potato[J]. International Journal of Agriculture:Research and Review,2012, 2(2):61-67.
[30]N'Dayegamiye A,Nyiraneza J,Giroux M,et al.Manure and paper mill sludge application effects on potato yield,nitrogen efficiency and disease incidence[J].Agronomy,2013,3(1):43-58.
[31]Mosa A A.Effect of the application of humic substances on yield, quality,and nutrient content of potato tubers in Egypt[M]. Sustainable Potato Production:Global Case Studies.Springer Netherlands,2012,471-492.
[32]Bernard E,Larkin RP,Tavantzisa S,etal.Compost,rapeseed rotation, and biocontrol agents significantly impact soil microbial communities in organic and conventional potato production systems[J]. Applied SoilEcology,2012,52:29-41.
[33]Machado D,Sarmiento L.Response of potato crop to the combination of different sources of nitrogen fertilization:an evaluation of the synchronization hypothesis[J].Bioagro,2012,24(2):83-92.
[34]Jones C T,Edwards M G,Rempelos L,et al.Effects of previous crop management,fertilization regime and water supply on potato tuber proteome and yield[J].Agronomy,2013,3(1),59-85.
[35]?rek P,Hejcman M,Kunzová E.Effect of long-term cattle slurry and mineral N,P and K application on concentrations of N,P,K,Ca, Mg,As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb and Zn in peeled potato tubers and peels[J].Plant Soil Environ,2012,58(4):167-173.
[36]Essah S Y C.Potato tuber yield,tuber size distribution,and quality as impacted by preceding green manure cover crops[M]. Sustainable Potato Production:Global Case Studies.Springer Netherlands,2012,99-115.
[37]Hu B,Fan M,Hao Y,et al.Potato-cabbage double cropping effect on nitrate leaching and resource-use efficiencies in an irrigated area[J].Pedosphere.2012,22(6):842-847.
[38]Chapagain T R,Khatri B B,Bhattarai P,et al.Maximizing productivity and improving nutrition through intercropping quality protein maize and potato[J].Agronomy,2012,60(3):221-230.
[39]Ojaghian M R,Cui Z,Xie G,et al.Brassica green manure rotation crops reduce potato stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotium[J]. Australasian Plant Pathology,2012 41:347-349.
[40]Evers D,Legay S,Lamoureux D,et al.Towards a synthetic view of potato cold and salt stress response by transcriptomic and proteomic analyses[J].Plant Molecular Biology,2012,78:503-514.
Oversea Research on Potato Cultivation in 2012
HU Xinxi1,2,PANG Wanfu3,JIN Liping3,HUANG Ke1,LIU Mingyue2,XIONG Xingyao1,3*
(1.College of Horticulture and Landscape,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;2.Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Potatoes,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;3.Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)
The oversea researches on the potato cultivation,physiology and technique including water management, fertilizers managementof NKP(nitrogen,phosphorus and potash),organic fertilizer,rotation and intercropping with other kinds of crops in 2012 were reviewed.Generally,nitrogen application and water management were main points for potato cultivation research overseas in 2012.Especially fornitrogen fertilization,it affected notonly the yield and quality of potato tubers,but also the soil environment and underground water quality.The researches on potato cultivation techniques will focus on organic fertilizerandrotation andintercropping with otherkinds ofcrops in the future.
potato;water;fertilizer;yield;quality
S532
B
1672-3635(2013)02-0186-02
2013-03-04
國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)(馬鈴薯)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系(CARS-10-P19);農(nóng)業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)專項(201203096)。
胡新喜(1973-),男,博士,副教授,主要從事馬鈴薯栽培與土肥研究。
熊興耀,主要從事馬鈴薯栽培研究,Email:xiongxy@hunau.net。