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        一生的諫言:五篇不朽的畢業(yè)演講

        2012-04-29 00:00:00ByMariaPopova譯/吉米
        新東方英語·中學(xué)版 2012年7期

        天賦與選擇,哪個更為重要?成功的要素是什么?而失敗又能給我們帶來什么益處?所有這些問題,在看完以下這些畢業(yè)演講后,相信你都能找到答案。

        J. K. Rowling at Harvard (2008) J. K. 羅琳在哈佛大學(xué)的演講(2008年)

        On June 5, 2008, Harry Potter author J. K. Rowling spoke about the benefits of failure and the crucial importance of imagination—in a way that isn''''t the least1) bit contrived2) but is, rather, brimming3) with wit, wisdom, humor and humility.

        2008年6月5日,《哈利·波特》的作者J. K. 羅琳講到了失敗的益處和想象力的至關(guān)重要性——以一種毫不做作且充滿才思、智慧、幽默和謙遜的方式。

        ● \"I cannot criticize my parents for hoping that I would never experience poverty. They had been poor themselves, and I have since been poor. And I quite agree with them that it is not an ennobling4) experience. Poverty entails5) fear, and stress, and sometimes depression. It means a thousand petty humiliations6) and hardships. Climbing out of poverty by your own efforts, that is something on which to pride yourself. But poverty itself is romanticized only by fools.\"

        ● \"Ultimately, we all have to decide for ourselves what constitutes7) failure. But the world is quite eager to give you a set of criteria if you let it.... Failure means a stripping8) away of the inessential. I stopped pretending to myself to be anything other than what I was, and began to direct all my energy into finishing the only work that mattered to me. Had I really succeeded at anything else, I might never have found the determination to succeed in the one arena where I believe I truly belonged.... Rock bottom9) became the solid foundation on which I built my life.\"

        ● “我的父母希望我永遠不會經(jīng)歷貧窮,這無可厚非。他們自己過去一直很窮,我后來也很窮,所以我很贊同他們的看法:貧窮確實不是值得尊敬的經(jīng)歷。貧窮必然會帶來恐懼、壓力,有時還令人沮喪。貧窮意味著許許多多小的屈辱和艱辛??孔约旱呐[脫貧窮確實是件值得自豪的事情。只有傻瓜才會覺得貧窮很浪漫?!?/p>

        ● “最終,我們都要自己決定什么意味著失敗。不過只要你愿意,這個世界可是特別急著想要給你設(shè)定一系列標準的……失敗意味著拋棄那些無關(guān)緊要的東西。我不再偽裝自己,從而回歸了真實的本我,并開始傾注自身所有的精力來完成唯一一項對我重要的工作。要是我以前在其他任何領(lǐng)域成功過,我也許就永遠不會下這樣大的決心,在這個我堅信自己真正所屬的領(lǐng)域打拼出一片天空……我生命中的低谷變成了我打拼生活的堅實基礎(chǔ)。”

        Steve Jobs at Stanford (2005)

        史蒂夫·喬布斯在斯坦福大學(xué)的演講(2005年)

        On June 12, 2005, Steve Jobs delivered Stanford''''s 114th commencement address and spoke with remarkable candor10) and eloquence11) about connecting dots, education, love and loss. The part that resonates12) with me the most is the heartfelt case he makes for following our creative curiosity, rather than formal education''''s prescriptive paradigm13) of learning, in order to contribute to the world our best potential.

        2005年6月12日,在斯坦福大學(xué)第114屆畢業(yè)典禮上,史蒂夫·喬布斯發(fā)表了演講,直抒己見,口若懸河,談?wù)摿舜鹕畹狞c滴、教育、愛和失敗。最能引起我共鳴的是他讓我們追隨自己那極富創(chuàng)造力的好奇心,而不是受縛于正規(guī)教育的條條框框,從而為世界貢獻出我們的最佳潛能。

        ● \"If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy14) class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later. Again, you can''''t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something—your guts15), destiny, life, karma16), whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.\"

        ● “如果我當時沒有輟學(xué),我就不可能去上這門書法課,那么個人電腦可能也就不會有如今這么美妙的字體了。當然,我在大學(xué)的時候還不可能先知先覺地把這些點滴串起來。但是,十年后回顧這一切的時候卻無比清晰。再說一遍,你向前看的時候,不可能將這些點滴串起來,只有往回看的時候才可以。所以你必須堅信,這些點滴一定會在將來的某一天以某種形式串起來。你必須堅信某些東西——你的勇氣、命運、生命、因果,無論什么。這個想法屢試不爽,而且還業(yè)已為我?guī)砹松兴械母淖儭!?/p>

        Robert Krulwich17) at Berkeley (2011)

        羅伯特·克魯爾維奇在伯克利大學(xué)的演講(2011年)

        Robert Krulwich, co-producer of WNYC''''s fantastic Radiolab, author of the ever-illuminating Krulwich Wonders and winner of a Peabody Award for broadcast excellence, is one of the best science writers working today. Last week, he addressed the graduating class at Berkeley''''s School of Journalism and made some remarkably poignant18) points about passion and the future of journalism.

        羅伯特·克魯爾維奇是紐約公共電臺奇幻節(jié)目“廣播實驗室”的聯(lián)合制作人,科普博客“克魯爾維奇奇觀”的作者,廣播界最高獎“皮博迪獎”的獲得者,當今最好的科學(xué)作家之一。上周(編注:本演講發(fā)表于2011年6月10日),他為伯克利大學(xué)新聞學(xué)院的畢業(yè)生進行了演講,言辭懇切地談?wù)摿巳松募で楹托侣劦奈磥怼?/p>

        ● \"In every career, your job is to make and tell stories, of course. You will build a body of work, but you will also build a body of affection, with the people you''''ve helped who''''ve helped you back. This is the era of Friends in Low Places19). The ones you meet now, who will notice you, challenge you, work with you, and watch your back20). Maybe they will be your strength.\"

        ●“當然,不論你從事何種職業(yè),你的工作都是編故事和講故事。和那些你幫助過又回過頭來幫助你的人一起,你會開創(chuàng)一番事業(yè),也會和他們建立深厚的情誼。這個時代屬于只有背影沒有背景的人。你現(xiàn)在遇見的人將來會給你關(guān)注,向你挑戰(zhàn),與你共事,為你護航?;蛟S他們就會成為你的力量。”

        Meryl Streep21) at Barnard (2010) 梅里爾·斯特里普在巴納德學(xué)院的演講(2010年)

        Meryl Streep may be best known as a 16-time Academy Award nominee and two-time winner, but in her fantastic 2010 commencement speech at Barnard College, she revealed herself as equal parts political theorist, humorist and modern philosopher, speaking on issues of identity, gender roles, change and happiness.

        梅里爾·斯特里普最為人們所知的可能就是她16次獲得奧斯卡金像獎提名并兩次得獎,但是她在巴納德學(xué)院2010年畢業(yè)典禮上精彩絕倫的演講談?wù)摿松矸?、性別角色、改變和幸福等問題,展示了她多方面的自己:政治理論家、幽默家和現(xiàn)代哲學(xué)家。

        ● \"Today is about looking forward, into a world where so-called ''''women''''s issues''''—human issues—of gender inequality lie at the very crux22) of the global problems everyone suffers, from poverty to the age crisis, the rise in violent fundamentalist23) juntas24), human trafficking25) and human rights abuses.... This is your time, and it feels normal to you. But, really, there is no ''''normal''''. There''''s only change, and resistance to it, and then more change.\"

        ●“今天我們要往前看,展望一個新世界。在那個世界里,全球諸多問題的核心是所謂的‘女性問題’——人類問題——即性別不平等。這些問題困擾著我們每一個人,包括貧困、年齡危機、暴力原教旨主義團體的興起、人口販賣和侵犯人權(quán)……這是你們的時代,你們會覺得這稀松平常。但是,這一點兒都不‘平?!?。只有改變;抵制改變只會帶來更多改變?!?/p>

        Jeff Bezos26) at Princeton (2010) 杰夫·貝索斯在普林斯頓大學(xué)的演講(2010年)

        In 1986, Jeff Bezos graduated from Princeton with a degree in computer science. In 1994, he founded Amazon.com. In 2010, he went back to Princeton to address the graduating class about the difference between gifts and choices—a profound reflection on reconciling27) being smart with being kind, an illusory28) choice many \"successful\" people feel like they have to make.

        1986年,杰夫·貝索斯從普林斯頓大學(xué)畢業(yè),獲得計算機科學(xué)學(xué)位。1994年,他創(chuàng)立了亞馬遜網(wǎng)站。2010年,他重返母校,發(fā)表了畢業(yè)典禮演講,討論天賦和選擇的區(qū)別,提出了一個發(fā)人深省的觀點,即令許多“成功”人士覺得難以取舍的聰明和善良并不沖突。

        ● \"Cleverness is a gift; kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy—they''''re given after all. Choices can be hard. You can seduce29) yourself with your gifts if you''''re not careful, and if you do, it''''ll probably be to the detriment of your choices30).\"

        ● \"Tomorrow, in a very real sense, your life—the life you author from scratch31) on your own—begins.

        How will you use your gifts? What choices will you make?

        Will inertia32) be your guide, or will you follow your passions?

        Will you follow dogma33), or will you be original?

        Will you choose a life of ease, or a life of service and adventure?

        Will you wilt34) under criticism, or will you follow your convictions?

        Will you bluff it out35) when you''''re wrong, or will you apologize?

        Will you guard your heart against rejection, or will you act when you fall in love?

        Will you play it safe36), or will you be a little bit swashbuckling37)?

        When it''''s tough, will you give up, or will you be relentless38)?

        Will you be a cynic39), or will you be a builder?

        Will you be clever at the expense of others, or will you be kind?\"

        ●“聰明是天賦,善良是選擇。天賦易得——畢竟它是別人給的。選擇難做。一不小心,你就會執(zhí)迷于天賦,從而很可能給你的選擇帶來不利后果?!?/p>

        ●“明天,你真正意義上的人生——由你自己從頭書寫的人生——即將開啟。

        你會如何運用你的天賦?你會作出怎樣的選擇?

        你會甘于懶惰,還是追逐激情?

        你會聽信教條,還是堅持獨創(chuàng)?

        你會選擇安逸的生活,還是甘于奉獻、勇于探索的人生?

        面對批評時,你會畏縮不前,還是堅持主見?

        當你犯錯時,你會編造謊言蒙混過關(guān),還是選擇道歉?

        你會因害怕被拒絕而封閉心扉,還是在墜入愛河時勇敢表白?

        你會穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打,還是虛張聲勢?

        當遇到困境時,你會選擇放棄,還是不屈不撓?

        你會憤世嫉俗,還是積極建設(shè)?

        你會損人利己,還是善待他人?”

        1.not the least: 絲毫不,全然不

        2.contrived [k?n?tra?vd] adj. 不自然的

        3.brim [br?m] vi. 滿,充盈,充溢

        4.ennoble [??n??bl] vt. 使崇高;使更尊貴;增加對……的尊敬

        5.entail [?n?te?l] vt. 使……必然隨之而來;勢必造成

        6.humiliation [hju??m?li?e??n] n. 屈辱;恥辱;丟臉;蒙恥

        7.constitute [?k?nst?tju?t] vt. 代表著,意味著

        8.strip [str?p] vt. 除去

        9.rock bottom: (物價、貧困等的)最低點,最低水平,最低限度

        10.candor [?k?nd?(r)] n. 直言;坦率;真誠,誠懇

        11.eloquence [?el?kw?ns] n. 雄辯,流利的口才;(語言等的)說服力

        12.resonate [?rez?ne?t] vi. 共鳴

        13.paradigm [?p?r?da?m] n. 范例,樣式

        14.calligraphy [k??l?ɡr?fi] n. 書法

        15.gut [ɡ?t] n. [~s]勇氣,膽量;毅力;意志

        16.karma [?kɑ?m?] n. 命運;因果報應(yīng)

        17.Robert Krulwich: 羅伯特·克魯爾維奇,美國國家公共電臺(NPR)的一名科學(xué)記者,被《電視導(dǎo)報》(TV Guide)稱為“電視界最具創(chuàng)造力的網(wǎng)絡(luò)記者”。他的博客“克魯爾維奇奇觀”(Krulwich Wonders)用繪畫、卡通和視頻來展現(xiàn)那些通常難以理解的科學(xué)概念。他還是“廣播實驗室” (Radiolab)的聯(lián)合主播。他曾因芭比娃娃的文化史、計算機與隱私的前線調(diào)查而獲得艾美獎,因報道存貸款救助在線廣告而獲得喬治·波爾克新聞獎(The George Polk Awards)和艾美獎,2010年因報道艾奧瓦州的作家工作室而獲得2010年隨筆獎(Essay Prize)。

        18.poignant [?p??nj?nt] adj. 尖刻的;切中要害的

        19.Friends in Low Places: 患難朋友。英文中其實并不存在這一表達,只有friends in high places,意思是“非富即貴、有權(quán)有勢的朋友”。而friends in low places是由這一習(xí)語修改而來,表達完全相反的意思,起到幽默的作用。用比較時髦的語言可說成“沒有背景只有背影”。

        20.watch your back: 守護;保護某人使其不受到傷害

        21.Meryl Streep: 梅里爾·斯特里普(1949 ~),美國女演員。她迄今為止獲得過17項奧斯卡提名,并分別獲得第52屆(1979年度)奧斯卡最佳女配角獎、第55屆(1982年度)奧斯卡最佳女主角獎以及第84屆(2012年度)奧斯卡最佳女主角獎,被譽為“電影史上最偉大的女演員”。

        22.crux [kr?ks] n. 關(guān)鍵;癥結(jié)

        23.fundamentalist [?f?nd??ment?l?st] adj. 原教旨(或基要)主義的

        24.junta [?d??nt?] n. 團體

        25.trafficking [?tr?f?k??] n. 販賣

        26.Jeff Bezos: 杰夫·貝索斯,全球最大的網(wǎng)上書店Amazon (亞馬遜)的創(chuàng)辦者。

        27.reconcile [?rek?nsa?l] vt. 調(diào)和;使一致,使符合

        28.illusory [??lu?s?ri] adj. 迷惑人的

        29.seduce [s??dju?s] vt. 唆使,使……做壞事,誘……入歧途

        30.to the detriment of sb./sth.: 帶來傷害或損害。detriment [?detr?m?nt] n. 損害;不利;傷害

        31.from scratch: <口>從起點開始,從零開始;從頭做起

        32.inertia [??n????] n. 不活動;惰性;遲鈍

        33.dogma [?d?ɡm(xù)?] n. 武斷的意見;教條

        34.wilt [w?lt] vi. 喪失勇氣(或自信心),畏縮,退縮

        35.bluff it out: (尤指在遭到他人懷疑時)繼續(xù)編造謊言以度過難堪

        36.play it safe: <口>穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打;謹慎行事,不冒險

        37.swashbuckling [?sw??b?kl??] adj. 虛張聲勢的

        38.relentless [r??lentl?s] adj. 不屈不撓的

        39.cynic [?s?n?k] n. 憤世嫉俗者;懷疑人之真誠(或善意)者

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