2020年，90后、00后將成為社會的主力軍，投身各行各業(yè)。那么，在這不遠的未來，社會究竟需要什么樣的人才呢？總括起來就是更精、更專、更高技術(shù)、更綠色環(huán)保。你準備好了嗎？

Precision Toolmaker 精密工具制造者

In 2020， the field of manufacturing has changed so much you might no longer recognize it. Manufacturing is no longer just a row of unskilled laborers standing at an assembly line1). Instead， there is a demand for advanced manufacturers who have a narrowly focused， but high-level， skill set. The good news is training for these jobs generally only requires a two-year associates degree from a program dedicated to training students for work in fields such as specialty chemicals or precision toolmaking. Precision toolmakers are responsible for many of the products we use every day—from cell phones to ceiling fans to smoke detectors2)—that are developed using a computer， rather than piece by piece on an assembly line.

2020年，制造業(yè)完全大變樣，你可能都認不出來了。從事制造業(yè)的再也不只是一排毫無技術(shù)含量的工人站在生產(chǎn)流水線旁工作著。相反，擁有更對口、更高水平和更高技能的高級制造工人會受到青睞。還好，要從事這樣的工作只需學(xué)過為從事諸如特種化學(xué)品或精密工具制造業(yè)等工作的學(xué)生專門定制的課程，并獲得兩年制的大專學(xué)歷即可。精密工具制造者的工作范疇涉及我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪惺褂玫脑S多產(chǎn)品，從手機到吊扇再到煙霧探測器。這些產(chǎn)品都是利用電腦來設(shè)計開發(fā)，而不是像傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)那樣在流水線上一個部件一個部件地組裝而成。

Genetic Counselor 基因咨詢師

As we mortals increasingly use genetic research to find out what inherited diseases we and our children may have， genetic counselors are the ones standing by to talk us off the ledge3). They work in coordination with health care teams to provide information and support to individuals and families with birth defects4)， genetic disorders and inherited conditions. They can also help answer the tough questions: What should I do if I have the breast cancer gene? Should I abort5) a baby that has a gene for a genetic disease? Traditionally， genetic counselors worked primarily with patients making decisions about their unborn children， but as the cost of decoding a full DNA sequence6) continues to decline， the demand for genetic counselors capable of advising families on the tough stuff continues to increase.

人類越來越多地利用遺傳研究來確定我們自身以及我們的孩子可能會得什么遺傳疾病，基因咨詢師正是那些隨時準備幫助我們遠離遺傳疾病的人。基因咨詢師與醫(yī)療小組展開合作，為那些有先天缺陷、基因突變和遺傳疾病的個人及家庭提供信息和幫助?；蜃稍儙熯€能解答類似這樣的難題：如果我攜帶乳腺癌的相關(guān)基因，我該怎么辦？我懷的寶寶攜帶遺傳疾病基因，我該不該要這個孩子？一般情況下，基因咨詢師主要幫助那些準父母決定要不要孩子，但隨著破解完整DNA序列的成本不斷降低，人們對那些有能力為遇到難題的家庭支招的基因咨詢師的需求也越來越大。

Vertical Farmer 垂直農(nóng)場種植者

The world's population just keeps getting bigger. A few weeks ago we hit 7 billion. By 2050 more than 9 billion will call the Earth home， and an estimated 80% of us will live in cities with food access problems. Add to that the fact that we could eventually run out of productive soil and water—not to mention the whole other host of problems associated with modern agriculture such as deforestation7)， chemical-laden fertilizers8) and carbon-emitting9) transportation—and it's easy to see why rooftop farms are cropping up10) in urban areas nationwide. Though full-fledged11) vertical farms， called \"farmscrapers\"， exist only in theory and experiments today， with the increasing urban population， the need for those who specialize in locally grown sustainable food will only increase.

世界人口持續(xù)迅速增長，幾周前(編者注：本文寫作時間為2011年11月)，全世界的人口總數(shù)剛剛突破70億。到2050年，世界人口將超過90億，預(yù)計屆時將會有80%的人生活在城市并遭遇糧食短缺。除了人口問題，我們還要面對這樣的現(xiàn)實：總有一天人類將耗盡耕地和水資源。這其中還沒算上與現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)息息相關(guān)的一大堆問題，例如森林砍伐、充滿化學(xué)物質(zhì)的肥料以及帶來碳排放的交通運輸?shù)?。這就不難解釋為什么在全美各地的城市中，垂直農(nóng)場正異軍突起。盡管成熟的垂直農(nóng)場(也稱作“摩天農(nóng)場”)尚處于理論和試驗階段，但隨著城市人口不斷增加，必定需要越來越多專業(yè)人員來種植本地生長的可持續(xù)性糧食作物。

Statistician 數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計師

Companies are mining12) tons of data on all of us， but they have little idea how to use it. And a mountain of data with no one to interpret13) is basically worthless. According to The New York Times， the rising demand for statisticians is a by-product14) of the explosion of digital data. From the digitization of public records to massive amounts of information sent out each day through social media， in every industry there is a large amount of raw data out there to be explored and harnessed15). Statisticians are those who look for meaningful patterns and insights to do things like help Google make its search engine results more accurate and help Netflix16) better their movie recommendation system. The field is projected to grow 13% from 2008 to 2018， according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

大大小小的公司每天從我們每個人身上獲取大量的數(shù)據(jù)，但對于如何利用這些數(shù)據(jù)，它們卻知之甚少。如果沒有人加以分析歸納，再海量的數(shù)據(jù)也基本上毫無價值可言?！都~約時報》把對數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計師不斷擴大的需求歸為數(shù)字時代爆炸的副產(chǎn)品。從公共信息記錄的數(shù)字化到每天通過社交媒體發(fā)出的海量信息，在各行各業(yè)都有巨大的原始數(shù)據(jù)等待著被發(fā)掘和利用。數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計師正是處理這些數(shù)據(jù)的人，他們從中尋找有意義的規(guī)律，為人們做事提供指導(dǎo)，例如幫谷歌公司提高搜索引擎的精確程度，幫網(wǎng)飛公司改善電影推薦系統(tǒng)等。據(jù)(美國)勞工統(tǒng)計局估計，數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計師的市場需求在2008年到2018年間將增長13%。

Sustainability Professional 環(huán)保專業(yè)人士

In today's green-obsessed17) age， navigating18) the world of government regulations19) and environmental standards is a full-time job—literally. As companies aim to be more environmentally friendly， they are increasingly looking for employees who have a knowledge of carbon accounting， corporate20) social responsibility and lean manufacturing21) techniques. In fact， Adam Zak， an executive recruiter， told The New York Times that demand for workers with sustainability-related job skills is \"through the roof22)\". He estimates a 40% increase in the number of companies looking for sustainability professionals just in the past year. One such company is Coca-Cola， which appointed a new Chief Sustainability Officer and created an office of sustainability that， according to The Wall Street Journal， will oversee the company's recycling， water management and climate protection. Look for other companies to follow suit23)， as any large-scale institution that has a lot of facilities to maintain will need to be thinking even more about sustainability in the future.

在如今這個異常講求環(huán)保的時代，如何在政府法規(guī)和環(huán)保條例中靈活周旋確實是一個時刻需要做好的“全職”工作。隨著公司企業(yè)越來越注重環(huán)保，那些懂得碳核算、企業(yè)社會責(zé)任以及精益制造技術(shù)的人也越來越受青睞。實際上，身為人事主管的亞當·扎克曾對《紐約時報》說，企業(yè)對那些具有環(huán)保相關(guān)工作能力人士的需求程度簡直可以用“火爆”來形容。據(jù)他估計，去年一年，尋求環(huán)保專業(yè)人士的公司企業(yè)數(shù)量增加了40%?？煽诳蓸饭颈闶瞧渲兄??？煽诳蓸窞榇巳蚊诵碌氖紫h(huán)保官，還成立了環(huán)保辦公室。據(jù)《華爾街日報》稱，該辦公室將負責(zé)整個可口可樂公司的物品回收、用水管理以及氣候保護。期待其他企業(yè)能效仿可口可樂公司的做法，因為任何一個擁有眾多設(shè)施的大型機構(gòu)在未來都需要更加重視可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

1.assembly line: (工廠產(chǎn)品的)裝配線

2.smoke detector: 煙塵探測器；煙霧報警器

3.talk sb. off the ledge: 勸某人遠離危險

4.birth defect: 【醫(yī)】先天缺損，先天缺陷

5.abort [#601;#712;b#596;#720;(r)t] vt. 使流產(chǎn)；墮(胎)

6.sequence [#712;si#720;kw#601;ns] n. 【生化】順序

7.deforestation [#716;di#720;#716;f#594;r#618;#712;ste#618;#643;n] n. 濫伐森林；砍掉森林

8.fertilizer [#712;f#604;#720;t#601;la#618;z#601;(r)] n. 肥料(尤指化學(xué)肥料)

9.emit [i#712;m#618;t] vt. 發(fā)出，射出，散發(fā)(光、熱、電波、聲音、液體、氣味等)

10.crop up: 意外地出現(xiàn)

11.full-fledged: <喻> 充分展開的；成熟的

12.mine [ma#618;n] vt. 在……中尋找有價值的資料

13.interpret [#618;n#712;t#604;#720;pr#618;t] vt. 解釋，說明，闡明

14.by-product: 副產(chǎn)品；(意外或無心的)附帶產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果

15.harness [#712;hɑ#720;(r)n#618;s] vt. 利用

16.Netflix: 網(wǎng)飛，美國一家提供影片在線租賃的公司，提供超大數(shù)量的DVD，能夠讓顧客快速方便地挑選，而且免費遞送。

17.obsess [#601;b#712;ses] vt. 使著迷

18.navigate [#712;naelig;v#618;ɡe#618;t] vt. <口> 小心翼翼地穿過(危險或難以通過的地區(qū))；行進于；走過，經(jīng)過

19.regulation [#716;reɡju#712;le#618;#643;n] n. 規(guī)章，章程；規(guī)則，規(guī)定；條例

20.corporate [#712;k#596;#720;p#601;r#601;t] adj. 公司的

21.lean manufacturing: 精益制造，精益生產(chǎn)

22.through the roof: (物價等)漲到(或超過)最高限度

23.follow suit: 學(xué)樣，跟著做，照著做