建筑設(shè)計(jì)：佩里·克拉克·佩里建筑事務(wù)所

1 跨海灣大廈鳥瞰圖/Transbay Tower aerial view

跨海灣交通樞紐中心和大廈有望成為舊金山的兩座重要建筑，該項(xiàng)目通過建筑學(xué)、工程學(xué)和城市設(shè)計(jì)傳達(dá)出地區(qū)、城市和區(qū)域的精神。

先進(jìn)的多模式交通樞紐中心的設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)美、明亮、溫馨，賦有安全感。波浪般起伏的玻璃外墻宛如花瓣，為街道營(yíng)造出優(yōu)雅的氛圍。這些波浪形的輪廓也是建筑堅(jiān)固的鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)體系的反映，這種結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)能夠抵御強(qiáng)烈的地震。米申街上的公共廣場(chǎng)標(biāo)示出交通樞紐中心的主入口。主要的公共空間“大堂”內(nèi)部將布滿陽(yáng)光。一個(gè)約36.6m（120ft）高的光柱結(jié)構(gòu)是項(xiàng)目的重要元素，從公園延伸至下層的中央廣場(chǎng)。光柱頂部有一個(gè)約372m2（4 000sqft）的采光穹頂。光柱不僅是建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)支撐，也將自然光引入室內(nèi)，同時(shí)框景出上層的公園。

公園是交通樞紐中心的核心，它為社區(qū)提供活動(dòng)和休閑放松的場(chǎng)所，將成為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ詈凸ぷ黧w驗(yàn)的一部分。步行道、游樂場(chǎng)、咖啡廳、表演場(chǎng)地和代表不同自然環(huán)境的12個(gè)花園，構(gòu)成了一個(gè)完整的城市公園。

跨海灣交通樞紐中心是國(guó)家綠色建筑等級(jí)最高的項(xiàng)目之一，它將采用多重可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)策略。最顯著的是公園，它通過樹木、景觀和水管理系統(tǒng)吸收和過濾污染物。在樞紐中心之下，建筑基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)部建造了一個(gè)巨大的地?zé)峤粨Q系統(tǒng)。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)覆蓋了4個(gè)半街區(qū)，將成為世界上最大的地?zé)嵩O(shè)施之一。為了進(jìn)一步減少能耗，建筑采用了自然通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)，而且大部分空間將獲得自然采光。最后，建筑還能夠處理雨水并回用中水。中水回用和保存體系將每年節(jié)約9 200萬(wàn)加侖的用水，相當(dāng)于19個(gè)奧運(yùn)會(huì)規(guī)格的游泳池。本項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)是獲得LEED金級(jí)認(rèn)證。

該建筑預(yù)期為交通中轉(zhuǎn)的乘客和一般公眾提供服務(wù)，這里設(shè)有沿街店面、咖啡廳和公共走廊。此外，建筑匯集了著名的當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家詹姆斯·卡彭特、Julie Chang、珍妮·霍爾澤和奈德·卡恩的作品。

跨海灣大廈將成為舊金山的標(biāo)志性景觀之一，與金門大橋、泛美大廈共同勾勒出城市天際線。大廈纖細(xì)、錐形的輪廓減少了投射到周邊建筑和街區(qū)上的陰影。金屬與玻璃結(jié)合的大廈表面緩解了過度的眩光，最大限度地減少了反射和光點(diǎn)。大廈在街道層退后，讓出寬敞的人行道，米申街上的天幕覆蓋了整個(gè)街區(qū)，為行人遮擋了大廈底層的強(qiáng)風(fēng)，同時(shí)弱化了大廈的體量。大廈的設(shè)計(jì)旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境的可持續(xù)性，結(jié)合了若干條綠色建筑的策略，包括被動(dòng)式遮陽(yáng)板、高性能玻璃、地?zé)嶂评浜惋L(fēng)力發(fā)電。□（項(xiàng)琳斐 譯）

2 跨海灣交通樞紐中心鳥瞰圖/Transbay Transit Center aerial view

3.4 外景/Exterior view

5 綠植中的玻璃盒子/Glass box a full planting

6 TTC光柱廣場(chǎng)/TTC light column plaza

Transbay Transit Center and Tower aspire to become two of San Francisco’s great buildings,expressing through architecture, engineering, and urban design the spirit of the neighborhood, city,and region.

The multi-modal, state-of-the art Transit Center is designed to be graceful, luminous,welcoming and safe. An exterior glass wall with undulating forms like petals of a flower will create a civilized presence on the street. These undulations also respond to the building’s robust concrete-andsteel structural system, which is engineered for performance in the event of severe earthquakes.A public plaza on Mission Street marks the primary entrance to the Transit Center. The main public space－the Grand Hall－will be suffused with natural light. The central element, a 120-foot-tall light column, is a structural component that reaches from the park to the Lower Concourse. Topped with a 4 000-square-foot domed skylight, the light column not only supports the building, but draws daylight deep into the interior and frames views of the park above.

The park is the heart of the Transit Center.Offering activity and as well as quiet relaxation, the park will be part of the daily experience of people living and working in the neighborhood. Walking paths, playgrounds, cafés, a performance venue,and 12 gardens, each representing a different natural environment, form a full-fledged urban park.In addition, a 1 000-foot-long fountain will have jets of water triggered by the movement of buses below. Over time, bridges will be added to connect adjacent buildings to the park, fully integrating it into San Francisco’s urban fabric.

As one of the country’s greenest buildings, the Transbay Transit Center will use multiple sustainable design strategies. The most visible is the park, which will absorb and filter pollutants through its trees,landscape and water management system. Beneath the Transit Center, a massive geothermal heat exchange system will be built into the building’s foundation. Running the length of 4 1/2 city blocks,it will be one of the largest geothermal installations in the world. To further reduce energy consumption,the building will be naturally ventilated and most spaces will be naturally lit. Finally, the building will manage stormwater and reuse greywater. The water reuse and conservation system will save 9.2 million gallons per year, the equivalent of 19 Olympic-sized swimming pools. The building is targeted to achieve a Gold LEED rating.

Intended to be a destination for both transit users and the general public, the building will offer street-level shops, cafés and public promenades.In addition, the architecture integrates works by significant contemporary artists including James Carpenter, Julie Chang, Jenny Holzer, and Ned Kahn.

Transbay Tower will join the Golden Gate Bridge and the Transamerica Building as one of the defining images in San Francisco’s skyline. The Tower’s slender, tapering profile reduces its shadow on surrounding streets and buildings. Its textured mix of metal and glass alleviates excessive glare,minimizing reflections and bright spots. At the street, the tower steps back to allow for wider sidewalks, and a street-scaled canopy runs along Mission and First, protecting pedestrians from downdrafts and lightening the tower’s presence.Designed to be environmentally sustainable, the Tower incorporates several green building strategies which may include passive solar shading, high performance glazing, geothermal cooling, and wind power.□

7 公園平面/Park plan

8 公共汽車候車層平面/Bus deck plan

9 二層平面/Second floor plan

10 乘客大廳平面/Concourse plan

11 站臺(tái)平面/Platform plan

12 剖透視/Section perspective

13.14 外景/Exterior view