湖北省鄖縣譚山中學(xué) 潘喜霞
在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中,我們已經(jīng)接觸了一些比較復(fù)雜的句子。如:在“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”句子結(jié)構(gòu)中,賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的身份、特征、狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作行為的。這一語(yǔ)言知識(shí)現(xiàn)象既是初中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)掌握的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,也是各類檢測(cè)考試的一個(gè)重要的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。而學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中難以理解,容易出錯(cuò),不能準(zhǔn)確地把握賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義?,F(xiàn)結(jié)合初中英語(yǔ)教材中出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象,對(duì)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式簡(jiǎn)析如下:
一、形容詞作賓補(bǔ),主要用來(lái)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或特征。
You'd better keep the students quiet in the classroom.I can't get the pronunciation right.
常見(jiàn)的后接形容詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:keep,find,get,make,like,leave等。
二、名詞作賓補(bǔ),主要用來(lái)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的身份。
The students usually call me Miss Pan.They made him their monitor.
三、動(dòng)詞V-ing形式作賓補(bǔ),主要強(qiáng)調(diào)賓補(bǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或處于某一狀態(tài)。
We saw them coming up the street just now.Tom found a purse lying on the floor.
常見(jiàn)的后接動(dòng)詞V-ing的形式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:see,hear,find,watch,notice,feel,get,keep,have等。
四、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ),通常用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)要執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作。
The teacher told us not to play football in the street..We often hear her sing English songs in her room.常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有兩類:一類是帶to的不定式,這類動(dòng)詞主要有:ask,tell,like,teach,want等;另一類是不帶to的不定式,這類動(dòng)詞主要有:make,have,let等使役動(dòng)詞和see,hear,feel,notice,watch等感觀動(dòng)詞。
五、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ),當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)又有被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),賓補(bǔ)要用過(guò)去分詞。
常見(jiàn)的后接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:make,have,get,keep,leave,find,hear等
Students should not be allowed to get/have their ears pierced.
They found the windows broken when they got there.
六、介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ),主要用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的方位。
He left his bags at home.Finally she found her keys in the drawer.
七、有時(shí)副詞也可以作賓補(bǔ),主要用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。
Let them out.Don't keep the bad meat in.
典型題例分析
單項(xiàng)選擇。從每題所給的四個(gè)答案中選出一個(gè)正確答案填空。
1 、-Why are you so worried?
-I had my MP4 yesterday.(08湖北黃石)
A.steal B.stole
C.stealing D.stolen
(考查過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ),賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間既有主謂關(guān)系,又有被動(dòng)關(guān)系)
2.-What did she say?
-She said that loud music always made her to dance.(08湖北天門)
A.wants B.to want C.want D.wanted
(同第二題一樣,考查不定式作賓補(bǔ))
3 、-My parents always tell me others late at night.(08湖北恩施)
-They are right.It's not polite.
A.call B.not call C.to call D.not to call
(本題同樣是考查不定式作賓補(bǔ),tell后要用帶to的不定式)
4.The girl was heard happily in her room just now(.09山東泰安)
A.sing B.to sing
C.singing D.sings
(考查動(dòng)詞V-ing作賓補(bǔ),說(shuō)明該動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行或處于某一狀態(tài))
5.My roommate often asks me__________her to play chess.(09山西)
A.teach B.teaching C.to teach
(考查不定式作賓補(bǔ),ask后要用帶to的不定式)
6.-I'm very tired these days because of studying for physics.(09湖北黃岡)
Whynot______ muisc.Itcan makeyou_______.
A.listen to;relaxing B.to listen to;to relax
[1]山西教育出版社2008《中考全攻略》[z](英語(yǔ))
[2]山西教育出版社2009《中考全案》[z](英語(yǔ))
C.listening to;relax D.listen to;relax
(本題既考查why not do的句型,又考查make后接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ))
7.The global financial crisis(金融危機(jī))has made many people_______their money.(09宿遷)
A.to care for B.took care of
C.be careful with D.to be cared about
(本題既考查相近詞組的詞義辨析,又考查make后接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ))
此外,對(duì)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的考查還可以通過(guò)詞句運(yùn)用、完成句子、句型轉(zhuǎn)化等形式來(lái)設(shè)置題目。因此,在教學(xué)中教師要善于對(duì)一些具體的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié),并通過(guò)典型題例進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的訓(xùn)練。