Scientists announced on Sunday the first direct evidence that massive floods deep below Antarctica’s ice cover are speeding up the flow of glaciers(冰川)into the sea.
How quickly these huge bodies of ice 1 off the Antarctic and Greenland land masses into the ocean 2 determine the speed at which sea levels rise.
The results are frightening: An increase measured in tens of centimeters could make hundreds of millions of people in danger, 3 in low-lying deltas and island nations 4 the world.
Researchers discoveried only recently that invisible 5 in Antarctica periodically 6 flow a lot.
Data collected 7 a satellite launched in 2003—the Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite, or ICESat—showed a 8 network of water flow in which water periodically flows from one 9 lake to another.
But the new study, 10 online in the journal Nature Geoscience, is the first to 11 the potential impact of this invisible flooding on sea-bound glaciers.
The three of scientists 12 by Leigh Stearns of the Climate Change Institute at the University of Maine matched ICESat data against a nearly 50-year 13 of how fast the Byrd Glacier in East Antarctica has 14 toward the sea.
They discovered that during the same 14-month 15 that 1.7 cubic km of water flowed through network waterways, the 75-km long glacier downstream speed up, moving about 10 percent faster.
“Our findings 16 direct evidence that an active lake drainage(排水)system can 17 large and rapid changes in glacier movements,”the researchers 18.
“Water acts as a lubricant(潤滑劑), 19 friction(摩擦) at the base of the ice and making ice flow faster,”explained Helen Fricker of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of California in a commentary, also in Nature Geoscience.
The study 20 to growing scientific concern about the pace at which glaciers are melting into the seas.
1. A. walkB. slideC. jumpD. run
2. A. stopB. causeC. helpD. prevent
3. A. travellingB. workingC. livingD. visiting
4. A. aroundB. onC. atD. above
5. A. streamB. poolC. seaD. lakes
6. A. mightB. mustC. needD. should
7. A. asB. pastC. onD. by
8. A. simpleB. complexC. interestingD. invisible
9. A. hiddenB. studiedC. openedD. stopped
10. A. writtenB. publishedC. saidD. put
11. A. watchB. lookC. countD. measure
12. A. broughtB. instructedC. ledD. taken
13. A. recordB. discoveryC. levelD. invention
14. A. playedB. movedC. actedD. stayed
15. A. dateB. weekC. momentD. period
16. A. moveB. proveC. provideD. seem
17. A. makeB. causeC. takeD. give
18. A. concludedB. saidC. toldD. showed
19. A. addingB. preventingC. equalingD. reducing
20. A. reducesB. relatesC. addsD. adapted
答案與解析
1. B。據(jù)文章首句,“……南極冰層下的大規(guī)模水流正加速冰川流向海洋”的語境,龐大的冰川正從南極大陸和格陵蘭島滑落漂向海洋。run有“流淌”之意,沒有“滑行、滑落”之意。故用slide。
2. C。聯(lián)系前后文理解,這些冰川漂移的速度直接決定了海平面升高的速度。這里help意為“有助于”,此語境可翻譯為“直接”。而cause后面不能直接跟動詞原形。故用help。
3. C。據(jù)語境,海平面升高幾十厘米就足以威脅居住在地勢較低的三角洲及島國地區(qū)的億萬人民的生存。這里living短語作定語,修飾people。working只表示“工作,勞動”,沒有“生活、居住”詞義概括全面。
4. A。這里指的是“全世界各處地勢較低的三角洲及島國地區(qū)”,故用around the world。本題中B干擾性最大,但是它不合習(xí)慣用法;習(xí)慣上表示“在世界上”用in the world,“在世界各處”用around the world。
5. D。聯(lián)系前后文,研究人員最近發(fā)現(xiàn),南極冰層下隱秘的湖泊會發(fā)生周期性的傾瀉。南極冰層下隱秘的湖泊,不是溪流、池塘或海洋。
6. A。據(jù)語境,是發(fā)現(xiàn)隱秘的湖泊可能會發(fā)生周期性的傾瀉。是一種可能性,不是需要或應(yīng)該。
7. D。據(jù)句意和習(xí)慣搭配,通過衛(wèi)星(ICESat)收集數(shù)據(jù)?!巴ㄟ^某方式”用by。
8. B。聯(lián)系前后文,南極冰層下有一個復(fù)雜的湖泊排水網(wǎng)絡(luò),是難以弄清楚的。故用complex。invisible“看不見的”并不一定是“復(fù)雜的”;應(yīng)用“復(fù)雜的”合乎情景。
9. A。從前文的invisible lakes in Antarctica periodically和語境理解推知一定是“隱秘的湖泊”。
10. B。據(jù)后文,其意為“該研究成果在《自然地學(xué)》期刊的網(wǎng)絡(luò)版上發(fā)表”?!鞍l(fā)表、出版”用published合適。written僅表示“寫”,但沒有“公開發(fā)表”的意思。
11. D。據(jù)語境,這項最新研究首次估量了海洋冰川下隱秘水流的潛在影響?!肮懒俊y量”用measure表示。count只有“計算”的意思,沒有“測量”之意。
12. C。據(jù)句意,這里是指以美國緬因州大學(xué)氣候變化學(xué)院的斯特恩斯為首的三位科學(xué)家,“以某某為首,由某某領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”用led。instructed意為“指導(dǎo)”,沒有“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”的意思,此處意為“三位科學(xué)家以Leigh Stearns為核心領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”。
13. A。聯(lián)系前后文,三位科學(xué)家將衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)與南極東部的伯德冰川在過去近50年中移向海洋的速度記錄進行了對比?!坝涗洠涊d”用record。level意為“水平,標準”,不能表示“記錄,記載”。
14. B。據(jù)前后文理解,這里指的是南極東部的伯德冰川在過去近50年中移向海洋?!耙葡蚰车亍庇胢oved。acted意為“行為,做事,扮演”,一般是人作主語。
15. D。據(jù)情景理解,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),在14個月期間,冰層下湖泊溢出了1.7立方千米的水……表示“……期間”用period。
16. C。聯(lián)系后文理解,我們的研究結(jié)果為此提供了直接證據(jù)。“提供”用provide。prove后跟被證明的內(nèi)容,不能跟evidence搭配。
17. B。據(jù)情景,“活躍的湖泊排水系統(tǒng)會導(dǎo)致冰川運動出現(xiàn)大規(guī)模、快速的變化?!耙穑瑢?dǎo)致”用cause。make表示“生產(chǎn),做成”,不能表示“由某某原因引起”。
18. A。聯(lián)系前后文理解,研究人員由此得出結(jié)論?!暗贸鼋Y(jié)論,推斷”習(xí)慣用conclude。said只表示“說”,不能表示“根據(jù)現(xiàn)象推理”。
19. D。聯(lián)系后文理解,“水可起到潤滑劑的作用,減少了冰層底部的摩擦”?!皽p少”用reduce。prevent意為“阻止”。而潤滑劑的作用不是阻止摩擦,而是減少摩擦。
20. C。聯(lián)系此次研究估量的結(jié)果,該研究進一步加劇了科學(xué)家對冰川融化速度的擔(dān)憂。“加劇”用add to。relate to意為“與某某相關(guān)”,沒有“加劇”合題意。
編輯/梁宇清