Have you ever tried to run a marathon alone? (And that means no iPod, too.) Ever wonder why bicyclists in the Tour de France train and ride in packs? Did you know that even a professional singles tennis player has a coach and multiple hitting partners? It took more than one person to design and construct the GRE, so it’s going to take more than one person to ace it as well.
1.你看書遇到生字時會不會去查閱一番?多半不會吧。
2.考試的最后一部分主要是檢驗?zāi)愕拈喿x和思維能力,同時有比較小的一部分是檢驗?zāi)愕脑~匯量。
3.豐富的詞匯量不是一夜之間就可以擁有的。
上述兩部分分開評獎,參賽者可任選其一進行翻譯。譯文請在2009年12月12日前用email發(fā)往xdfyy@staff.neworiental.org,主題注明“翻譯擂臺”;或者用稿紙謄寫工整,寄往北京市海淀區(qū)海淀中街6號新東方大廈750室《新東方英語》編輯部“翻譯擂臺”收,郵編:100080,截止日期為12月12日(以郵戳為準(zhǔn))。我們將隔期刊登谷約老師的詳細評點,并評出1~2名最佳譯手(獎品:《考研英語詞匯詞根+聯(lián)想記憶法》一本,內(nèi)附MP3),5~7名潛力譯手(獎品:《挑戰(zhàn)翻譯》一本)。來稿請按以下順序書寫:1. 電子郵箱地址;2. 通信地址、郵編、譯者姓名;3. 譯文。
快來一試身手吧!
2009年10月號英譯中獲獎名單
First Prize Winners (2):劉鳳嬌廉馨
Second Prize Winners (4):
happyzhiying何水芳
衣雪502643867
2009年10月號中譯英獲獎名單
First Prize Winner (0): None
Second Prize Winner (1): 趙越
英譯中題目
Tancredo Neves’s fatal illness, which prevented him from taking office, was a cruel twist of fate, because he gave every indication of being the right person in the right place at the right time. A seasoned politician skilled in the art of accommodation, he might well have been able to guide his country through the difficult days ahead.
重點詞匯
fatal:致命的twist:曲折seasoned:富有經(jīng)驗的
accommodation:(不同集團間的)遷就通融,調(diào)和,調(diào)解,調(diào)停
翻譯要點
這段文字是本欄目英譯中題目中難度較高的段落之一,在翻譯上應(yīng)注意以下幾個要點。
第一,查詢背景信息對于精準(zhǔn)翻譯的巨大作用。這里首先需要弄清楚的就是坦克雷多·內(nèi)維斯(Tancredo Neves)這個人的具體身份。我們從文中可以了解到他是一名政治家,但具體信息還需要在網(wǎng)上查詢一下。文中提到了他致命的疾病,這一信息也需要深入了解。風(fēng)格嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)淖g者還會在譯文后面添加備注,注明以下信息:坦克雷多·內(nèi)維斯是已故的巴西政治家,于1985年1月15日當(dāng)選為巴西總統(tǒng),本應(yīng)于1985年3月15日上任,但就在上任前幾天他突發(fā)重病,于4月21日逝世。
第二,時態(tài)和虛擬語氣。我們注意到全文使用的是一般過去時,表明是在講此人以前的故事,這是大前提。在此前提下,文章最后一句的“he might well have been able to”就很好理解了。這里的核心語法點是“might have done”,表示“本來可能做”,是對過去的假設(shè),意思是“假如他不生病的話,就有可能做某事”。
第三,煉字。翻譯絕對不是查查詞典然后把中文照搬照抄就可以了事了,而是需要深入理解原文,然后給出符合語境的精準(zhǔn)譯文。不僅要譯對,而且要譯好。比如“a cruel twist of fate”直譯是“命運的殘酷轉(zhuǎn)折”,此譯文固然正確,但結(jié)合坦克雷多·內(nèi)維斯的遭遇,譯成“命運的殘酷捉弄”顯然更勝一籌;若能譯成“造化弄人”,則愈發(fā)簡潔。再如“skilled in the art of accommodation”,譯成“精通協(xié)調(diào)的藝術(shù)”無可挑剔,譯成“深諳斡旋之道”顯得技高一籌,譯成“縱橫捭闔”則已臻化境。再如 “he gave every indication of”,譯成“他處處顯示出自己是在適當(dāng)時期的適當(dāng)位置的適當(dāng)人選”不算錯,但譯成“在各方面都顯現(xiàn)出他是總統(tǒng)的不二人選”則更言簡意賅。
不合格譯文:Tancredo Neves總統(tǒng)的致命疾病令他無法繼續(xù)任職,這是命運的殘酷扭曲,因為他給出的每個指示都能使他們在對的時間和地點成為合適人選……
評析:譯者沒有深入了解背景信息,坦克雷多·內(nèi)維斯并未就任總統(tǒng)。譯者也沒有正確理解“indication”的含義,“indication”在此并非“指示”的意思,而是“跡象”“暗示”的意思。
參考譯文1:阻止Tancredo Neves接任的致命疾病,是命運的一個殘酷的轉(zhuǎn)折,因為所有跡象都表明他是在合適位置合適時間的合適人選。一個老練的熟于妥協(xié)之道的政治家,他本可能領(lǐng)導(dǎo)他的國家度過眼下的艱難時日。(LIANXIN900821)
參考譯文2:坦克雷多·內(nèi)維斯因罹患惡疾未能就任總統(tǒng),可謂蒼天弄人,殘酷無情。因為從各方面看他都是總統(tǒng)的不二之選。他浸淫政壇,經(jīng)驗豐富,深諳斡旋之道,若順利任職,完全有可能帶領(lǐng)他的國家走出之后的艱難歲月。(Jimmy Zhu)
既然本期的兩道題目都包含引號,那么這回我們就講講有關(guān)引號的一些常識。下面的幾個例句均摘自今年10月19日美國的People雜志,請?zhí)貏e注意綠色的標(biāo)點。
例1:“Good Evening, ladies and gentlemen,” David Letterman said upon taking stage at Manhattan’s Ed Sullivan Theater on Oct. 5.
為什么該句中綠色的逗號處不用感嘆號或句號?因為引號里的內(nèi)容是后面句子的一部分,相當(dāng)于動詞“said”的賓語,它前置之后,引語句尾就得換用逗號。
例2:“Even among his own employees,” says a former staffer, “he’s a profound recluse.”
在這句話中,第一對引號里的引語只包含一個充當(dāng)狀語的介詞短語,其與第二對引號里的內(nèi)容連在一起才是一句完整的話。所以這里綠色的逗號和上句綠色的逗號有所不同,這里的逗號表示話還沒講完,因此第二對引號里“he”的首字母不能大寫。
例3:“He cares very much about his wife and his son,” says longtime Letterman pal, Jeff Altman. “They mean everything to him.”
第一對引號里的引語是一個完整的句子,但由于該引語在整個句子結(jié)構(gòu)中充當(dāng)?shù)氖恰皊ays”的前置賓語,所以其句尾的句號變?yōu)槎禾?,以表示引語內(nèi)容是后面“says longtime Letterman pal, Jeff Altman”的一部分。注意:第一對引號里的引語無論從語法上還是從句意上講都是完整且可以獨立存在的,不像例2那樣要與后面的第二句引語共同構(gòu)成一個邏輯緊密的句子,所以,即使后面Jeff Altman還有話說,也需要重新起句,這也是為什么第二對引號里“they”的首字母要大寫。
例4:The source adds that Letterman “never acted inappropriately” with female coworkers.
該句中,由于引號內(nèi)的句子成分和主句是融為一體的,作者只是引用了他人的一個詞組,所以引號內(nèi)外無需任何其他標(biāo)點符號。
1.“演得太糟糕了!”李導(dǎo)演沖著那些臨時匆匆忙忙拼湊起來的劇組人員嚷嚷道,“看來我們不得不取消這次演出了。”
Unacceptable Version:
“You act too terribly!” director Li yelled at rashly pieced-together cast, “It seems that we have to cancel the performance.”
評析:英文中沒有“You act too terribly”這種表達方式,“terribly”一般用來修飾形容詞,如“terribly sorry”,而不能用來修飾動詞,所以建議這里改為“Your performance is/was terrible”;“director”為正式頭銜,與姓名連用時首字母應(yīng)該大寫;劇組人員“cast”在這里是有所指的,它的前面需要加上定冠詞“the”,應(yīng)改為“the rashly pieced-together cast”。另外,“terribly”后面的感嘆號應(yīng)改為逗號,“cast”后面的逗號應(yīng)改為句號,詳見上文中的例1和例3。
Acceptable Version:
“What a terrible performance!” director Lee shout at the crew which pieced together in a rush, “it seems that we have to cancel this performance.” (施晨霞)
評析:“director”的首字母應(yīng)該大寫;“shout”應(yīng)改為“shouted”;劇組人員“crew”是臨時被拼湊起來的,這里需要用被動語態(tài),應(yīng)改為“which was pieced together in a rush”;第一個“performance”后面的嘆號應(yīng)改為逗號;“rush”后面的逗號應(yīng)改為句號;“it”的首字母應(yīng)大寫。
John Gu’s Version:
“This is terrible,” Director Li shouted to the hastily assembled cast. “We may just have to cancel the show.”
2.“劉斌,你怎么會在這么短的時間內(nèi)就把這個角色吃得那么透?”戲一結(jié)束,老張就迫不及待地要恭賀他。
Unacceptable Version:
“Liu Bin, how can you eat this role so incisively within so short time?” Lao Zhang couldn’t help waiting to congratulate him as soon as the play was end.
評析:“eat this role so incisively”純屬杜撰,這里“吃透角色”的意思是指“對角色的理解較為透徹”,而非真的“吃”(eat)這個角色。中文里有很多和“吃”有關(guān)的常用語,如吃苦、吃得開、吃不消、大吃一驚、吃虧、吃軟不吃硬等,如果都用“eat”來套,就會鬧出笑話。“so”修飾形容詞,“such”修飾名詞,“so short time”可以改為“so short a time”或“such a short time”;在英文中,不能用“couldn’t help waiting to”來表達“迫不及待”,應(yīng)改為“couldn’t wait to”;“the play was end”一句話中有兩個謂語動詞,應(yīng)改為“the play was over” 或“the play ended”。
Acceptable Version:
“Liu Bin, how do you manage to have such a thorough grasp of the role in such a short time?” Lao Zhang couldn’t wait to congratulate him after the play. (趙越)
評析:“do”最好改為“did”,因為說話人在評論已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事。
John Gu’s Version:
“How did you ever learn the part you played in such a short time, Liu Bin?” Lao Zhang was anxious to congratulate him as soon as the play was over.
What’s Your Name
A: What is your father’s name?
B: Happy!
A: What is your mother’s name?
B: Smile!
A: Are you joking?
B: No! That’s my sister! I am Kidding! Bye-bye!
A Lecture About English
A linguistics professor was lecturing to his English class one day. “In English,” he said, “A double negative forms a positive. In some languages, though, such as Russian, a double negative is still a negative. However, there is no language wherein a double positive can form a negative.”
A voice from the back of the room piped up, “Yeah, right.”
Map Reading
The teacher of the Earth Science class was lecturing on map reading. He spent the class explaining about latitude, longitude, degrees, and minutes. Towards the end of class, the teacher asked his students, “Suppose I asked you to meet me for lunch at 23 degrees, 4 minutes north latitude and 45 degrees, 15 minutes east longitude...”
A student’s voice broke the confused silence, and volunteered, “I guess you’d be eating alone, sir.”