1. be second to... 僅次于……

拓展：be second to none最佳的，不亞于任何人的；be next to僅次于；緊鄰 be superior to優(yōu)于 be junior to比……小。

例如：He is such a good player that he is second to none. (無人能比)

Next to music， he loves tennis best. 除了音樂，他最喜歡網(wǎng)球。

This employee is superior to the former in ability. 這個雇員比上個能力強(qiáng)。

He is junior to me by two years. 他比我小兩歲。

2. defend vt. 防御，保護(hù)，保衛(wèi)，為……護(hù)（常和from， against 連用）

He defended her from the attack of a dog. 他保護(hù)她不受狗的攻擊。

They defended the city against the enemy. 他們保衛(wèi)這個城市，打擊外來侵?jǐn)?。?/p>

拓展：1) defence n. (美defense) 防御 (工事)，保護(hù)，保衛(wèi)；辯護(hù)

The defence of the country is everyone’s affair.保衛(wèi)祖國，人人有責(zé)。

2) defensive adj. 防御的，愛辯護(hù)的

This is a defensive treaty. 這是防御性條約。

3. be located...: 位于……，坐落于……

The house is located next to the river.那座房子位于河畔。

4. consist of: 由……組成 / 構(gòu)成

拓展：同義短語有：be made up of; be composed of等。

【基礎(chǔ)提升】 

The United Kingdom ___________Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

A. is made up for

B. includes

C. is consisted of

D. consists of

【答案：D】

5. a handful of: 少數(shù)（幾個人）；一小撮

例句：Only a handful of people attended the meeting last Sunday. 上周只有少數(shù)人參加了會議。6. cater to 迎合，滿足

例如：Some magazines caters to boys while others are intended for girls. 

有些雜志適合男孩兒，而有些則適合女孩兒。

拓展：cater for sb. / sth. 提供，迎合

This play centre caters for children of all ages.這個游樂中心適合各年齡層次的孩子。

7. be bound to必定

拓展：be bound for準(zhǔn)備前往 be bound up in sth. 忙于某事；熱衷于某事

【基礎(chǔ)提升】

I feel___________ to say that popular science readings should also ___________the need of farmers.

A. like; suit

B. necessary; meet with

C. bound; cater to

D. right; satisfy

【答案：C】

8. have a preference for 偏愛

拓展：have / show preference for偏愛in preference to 優(yōu)先于by preference最好，首先；根據(jù)偏好

【基礎(chǔ)提升】

介詞填空

1) She chose to learn the violin in preference ___________the piano.

2) We dress simply___________ preference.

【答案：1) to2) by】

9. owe…to…把……歸功于……

拓展：owe sb. one dollar = owe one dollar to sb. 欠某人一美元；owing to 由于……

【基礎(chǔ)提升】

He feels that his health ___________owing to ___________a long walk every other day.

A. is improving; taking

B. has been improved; being taken

C. improved; taken

D. is improving; have taken

【答案：A 】

10. be equipped with 配備有……

拓展：equip的名詞為equipment (不可數(shù)) 設(shè)備，一件設(shè)備：a piece of equipment

對比：facility (可數(shù))“設(shè)施”，復(fù)數(shù)形式facilities。

11.distinguish...from...把……和……區(qū)分開來

distinguish A from B 也可以作 distinguish between A and B把A和B區(qū)分開來

例如：The twins are so alike that it is difficult to distinguish one from the other.

這對雙胞胎長得太像了以致于很難把他們區(qū)分開來。

類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：tell A from B；tell the difference between A and B：分辨A和B

例如：Can you tell Tom from his twin brother? 你能分辨出湯姆和他的孿生兄弟嗎？

It is hard to tell the difference between the two versions. 很難分辨這兩個版本有何區(qū)別。

12. be worthy of... 值得……

拓展：be worthy 值得，后面接of being done，或接to be done.

be worth doing (worth后面用主動形式表被動含義，另worth前表程度的修飾語只能用well)。

This book is well worth reading. 這本書很值得一讀。

這個鐘不值得修。(3種表達(dá)法)

The clock isn’t worth repairing.

The clock isn’t worthy of being repaired.

The clock isn’t worthy to be repaired.

特別提醒：在表示價值多少錢時用be worth而不能用be worthy of +名詞短語。

如：How much is this painting worth?這幅畫值多少錢？

13. impressive adj. 給人留下深刻印象的；令人欽佩的

拓展：impress vt. 使（某人）印象深刻；impress sb. with sb. / sth. vt. 給某人留下深刻印象；

impress sth. on / upon sb. 使……意識到，使……銘記，給某人留下深刻印象；

impression n. 印象

Harry Potter is one of the most impressive novels of recent years.

《哈利#8226;波特》是近年來給人印象最深刻的小說之一。

The book impressed a lot of people. 那本書在很多人心中留下深刻印象。

Everyone was deeply impressed by / at / with his knowledge. 

他的學(xué)問給大家留下了深刻印象。

His behaviour left (made) a bad impression on her. 

他的行為給她留下了一個惡劣的印象。

14. as / so far as...is / are concerned就……而言

拓展：concern 作名詞，意為：“擔(dān)心，憂慮”；“關(guān)心，關(guān)愛，關(guān)注”。

作動詞，意為：“(事情)與……有關(guān)”；“使 某人與……有關(guān) (通常用被動語態(tài))”；“使某人為……擔(dān)心 (通常用被動語態(tài))”

be concerned about (with， for， over) 為……擔(dān)憂；關(guān)心……

The president is deeply concerned about the issue. 總統(tǒng)對這個問題深感擔(dān)憂。

He has been soundly defeated at chess. 他在國際象棋比賽中一敗涂地。

【詞義辨析】defeat， beat， win， earn， seize

1) defeat 與 beat 都可以表示在戰(zhàn)斗中或競賽中“戰(zhàn)勝或擊敗 (對手)”，后接競爭對手，如：sb.， a team， a nation等。此用法兩詞可通用。此外，defeat還有“(計(jì)劃、希望等) 受挫，失敗”之意；beat還有“(風(fēng)雨) 吹打，(波浪) 拍打；(心臟) 跳動”等意思。

2) win“戰(zhàn)勝，贏得”，它的賓語通常是比賽 (match， game， competition)，獎牌、獎品(a medal or prize)、戰(zhàn)爭 (war) 或榮譽(yù)等，而不能接競爭對手。

3) earn 贏得，掙得，表示通過工作等獲得錢財(cái)和利益或經(jīng)過努力獲得地位和榮譽(yù)等。

4) seize 用來表示“奪取城市。”

【即時操練】

1) Jack is so good at football that I have never_______________ her.

2) Helping others all the time_____________ him the respect of all.

3) Which team do you know will _____________the football match?

4) The rain is _____________against the windows all the day.

答案：1) defeated / beaten 2) earned 3) win 4) beating

3. while conj. n. \\

1) 當(dāng)……時候，在此期間

I was reading while you were drying your hair.

While I was in China I visited the Great Wall.

2) 雖然

While I accept that he’s not perfect， I do actually quite like the man.

3) 而，但是

He gets six thousand yuan a year while I only get five hundred yuan.

Jack is very extrovert and confident while his brother is shy and quiet.

4) 一會兒 (一點(diǎn)) 時間

I have stayed here for a short while.

You were there quite a while (= a long time)， weren’t you?

I’ll be fine in a while (= soon).

4. impact n. v.

1) 影響，沖擊；影響?yīng)?/p>

例如：the impact of a collision 碰撞時的沖擊

The bomb exploded on impact.炸彈在撞擊時爆炸了。

2) impact v. 對……發(fā)生影響?yīng)?/p>

例如：Falling export rates have impacted (on) the country’s economy quite considerably.

出口率的下降已經(jīng)極大地影響了國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。

【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】

have an impact on sth.=have an effect on sth.=have an influence on sth.

5. responsible adj. 有責(zé)任的，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任的

例如：be responsible for sth. / doing sth. 承擔(dān)責(zé)任；對……負(fù)責(zé)

All pilots are responsible for their passengers’ safety. 所有飛行員均應(yīng)對乘客的安全負(fù)責(zé)。

responsibilityn.\\職責(zé)，義務(wù)， 責(zé)任，負(fù)責(zé)

Terrorists have claimed responsibility for (= stated that they caused) yesterday’s bomb attack.

恐怖分子已經(jīng)宣稱對昨天的炸彈襲擊負(fù)責(zé)。

【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】

response n. 回答，答復(fù)—responsible adj. 負(fù)責(zé)的—responsibly adv. 明事理地，合乎理性地，可信賴地—responsibility n. 責(zé)任，義務(wù) 

【高考鏈接】

The government plans to bring in new laws _____________parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. (2009 江西卷)

A. forcedB. forcing

C. to be forcedD. having forced 

答案：B。

6. carry sth. out完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)，貫徹，執(zhí)行

例如：Don’t blame me; I’m only carrying out my orders/instructions. 不要怪我，我只是執(zhí)行命令而已。

【高考鏈接】

1） The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____________the next year. (2000全國卷)

A. carry outB. carrying out

C. carried outD. to carry out

2） The news of the mayor’s coming to our school for a visit was _____________on the radio yesterday. (2007福建卷)

A. turned outB. found out

C. given outD. carried out

答案：1） C 2） C