Unit8

1. Why don’t you get her a camera?

Why don’t you ...? 雖然在形式上是個(gè)疑問(wèn)句，但卻常用來(lái)表示一種建議，意為“你為什不……？”。例如：Why don’t you come and see the doctor? 你為什么不來(lái)看醫(yī)生呢？

Why not ...?可以看作是Why don’t you ...?的省略形式，語(yǔ)氣比較婉轉(zhuǎn)，后接動(dòng)詞原形。例如：Why not go to school by bus? 你為什么不乘公共汽車(chē)上學(xué)？

接受這種方式提出的建議時(shí)，常用Good idea! / That’s a good idea! / OK. / All right.等作答。拒絕這種方式提出的建議時(shí)，用No， thanks.等作答。

2. How about some tennis balls? / What about a watch?

How / What about...?意為“……怎么樣；如何”，常用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)、了解情況或征詢(xún)對(duì)方的看法、意見(jiàn)或建議，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式。例如：

How about going to the cinema with me? 同我一起去看電影怎么樣？

The boys went to the cinema. What about the girls? 男生去看電影了，女生呢？

3. In the USA， some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buy them gifts.

rather than 意為“而不是”，用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列的成分，如名詞、代詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式等。例如：

These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty. 這些鞋不好看，但穿起來(lái)很舒服。

I’d like to go in summer rather than in winter. 我想夏天去，不想冬天去。

I decided to write a letter rather than make a phone call. 我決定寫(xiě)信，而不打電話(huà)。

4. We should try to make progress before the Olympics.

make progress 意為“進(jìn)步；取得進(jìn)展”。progress 是不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

Lucy is not making much progress at school. 露西在學(xué)校進(jìn)步不大。

5. Have you ever heard of the Beijing Speaks English program?

hear of 意為“聽(tīng)說(shuō)；得知”，指間接聽(tīng)到某人或某事的一些情況，其后可接名詞或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。例如：

I have never heard of that place. 我從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)那個(gè)地方。

6. If you look hard enough， you’ll find a good way to learn English better.

句中的enough 是副詞，意為“足夠地；充分地”，修飾副詞或形容詞時(shí)，應(yīng)位于其后。例如：

This book is easy enough for a six-year-old child to read. 這本書(shū)內(nèi)容淺顯，六歲的孩子就能看懂。

I can’t see clearly enough. 我看得不夠清楚。

此外，enough 作副詞時(shí)，還可修飾動(dòng)詞。例如：

Have you played enough? 你玩夠了嗎？

enough 還可作形容詞，用來(lái)修飾名詞。這時(shí)enough可放在名詞前面，也可放在名詞后面。例如：

We have enough money / money enough to buy a car. 我們有足夠的錢(qián)來(lái)買(mǎi)一輛汽車(chē)。

Unit 9

1. Most of us have probably heard of Mickey Mouse， Donald Duck ... Perhaps we have even seen them in movies.

maybe， perhaps 與probably 的用法區(qū)別：

maybe 意為“也許；大概”，口語(yǔ)中很常見(jiàn)，但沒(méi)有perhaps 正式。例如：

Maybe you put the letter in your bag. 也許你把信放在你的包里了。

Maybe he will help me. 也許他會(huì)幫助我。

perhaps 意為“或許”，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)當(dāng)前的事有疑問(wèn)，不肯定。例如：

Perhaps it will rain in the afternoon. 也許下午會(huì)下雨。

Perhaps I can see him tomorrow， but I’m not sure. 或許我明天能見(jiàn)到他，不過(guò)我還不能肯定。

probably 意為“很可能地；大概地”。說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)某事的發(fā)生有相當(dāng)把握時(shí)用probably。例如：

She is very ill and will probably die. 她病得很重，命可能保不住了。

2. The boats take different routes， but they all end up in the same place.

end up 意為“結(jié)束；最后成為/處于”。例如：How does the story end up? 這個(gè)故事是怎么結(jié)尾的？

We set off for Newcastle but ended up in Scotland. 我們動(dòng)身去紐卡斯?fàn)?，可后?lái)卻去了蘇格蘭。

3. It was because I could speak English that I got the job.

這是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句because I could speak English。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)形式為“It is / was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that/who 從句”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分可以是除謂語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)之外的任何句子成分。假設(shè)有這樣一句話(huà)：We held a class meeting in the classroom yesterday. 我們可以用下面四個(gè)句子來(lái)分別強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

It was we who held a class meeting in the classroom yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)we）

It was a class meeting that we held in the classroom yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)a class meeting）

It was in the classroom that we held a class meeting yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)in the classroom）

It was yesterday that we held a class meeting in the classroom. （強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday）

4. I want to travel， especially to English-speaking countries such as the United States and Australia.

such as 與for example用法區(qū)別：

兩者都意為“例如”。for example 一般只列舉同類(lèi)人或物中的“一個(gè)”為例，作插入語(yǔ)。例如：

His spelling is terrible! Look at this word， for example. 他的拼寫(xiě)太糟糕了！看看吧，比如這個(gè)單詞。

such as 用來(lái)列舉同類(lèi)人或物中的幾個(gè)例子。注意such as后面不可用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。例如：

She likes drinks， such as tea and coffee. 她喜歡喝飲料，例如茶和咖啡。

5. My English writing is good， but I need to improve my listening skills.

improve 意為“提高；改進(jìn)；改善”，用作及物動(dòng)詞。例如：

It will help to improve your speaking. 這會(huì)幫助提高你的口語(yǔ)能力。

If the company refuses to improve its pay offer， we shall go on strike. 如果公司拒絕改進(jìn)工資方案，我們就舉行罷工。

6. On the one hand， more than three quarters of the population are Chinese， ...

英語(yǔ)中，分?jǐn)?shù)由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞構(gòu)成。分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。分子是1時(shí)，分母用單數(shù)形式；分子大于1時(shí)，分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式，即在序數(shù)詞詞尾加-s，基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞之間的連字符可省略。如：one-fourth 或one quarter （四分之一）；two-thirds（三分之二）；five-twelfths （十二分之五）。

population 意為“人口”，是個(gè)集體名詞。population 用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果說(shuō)話(huà)人意在強(qiáng)調(diào)整體意義，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

The population of the country is growing rapidly. 這個(gè)國(guó)家的人口數(shù)在迅速增長(zhǎng)。（強(qiáng)調(diào)整體）

Two thirds of the population of the country are farmers. 這個(gè)國(guó)家三分之二的人口是農(nóng)民。（強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體）

7. Have you ever been to an aquarium?

have been to 表示曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)在已回來(lái)，后面可接次數(shù)，如once（一次）， twice（兩次）， three times（三次）等。例如：

I have been to Shanghai twice. 我去過(guò)上海兩次。

She has never been to Hangzhou. 她從未去過(guò)杭州。

8. —I’ve never been to a water park.

—Me neither.

答語(yǔ)“Me neither.”相當(dāng)于“Neither have I.”。在此句式中，neither 后面的助動(dòng)詞由前面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞決定，即當(dāng)前面的謂語(yǔ)部分只含一個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，neither后面的助動(dòng)詞為do， does或did; 如果前面的謂語(yǔ)中含有系動(dòng)詞be或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則neither后面的動(dòng)詞同樣為系動(dòng)詞be或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例如：

—He isn’t a student. 他不是學(xué)生。

—Neither am I. 我也不是。

—I don’t like sports. 我不喜歡體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。

—Neither does my sister. 我妹妹也不喜歡。

—I can’t swim. 我不會(huì)游泳。

—Neither can I. (Me neither.) 我也不會(huì)。

9. Harvey had a great time at Water World.

have a great time 相當(dāng)于have a good time， have a nice time， enjoy oneself，意為“玩得高興”，“過(guò)得愉快”。例如：

Did you have a great time in the park? 你在公園里玩得愉快嗎？

10. You can take a ride on the boat for several days， and you can sleep and eat on board.

on board 是習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“在船（火車(chē)、飛機(jī)）上”；也可作“上船（火車(chē)、飛機(jī)）”解，board 前面沒(méi)有冠詞。例如：

The train didn’t start until all of us came on board. 等我們大家上來(lái)后火車(chē)才開(kāi)動(dòng)。

on the board 意為“在木板上”。例如：

Put the bread on the board before cutting it. 在切開(kāi)之前把面包放在木板上。

11. I discovered that the most important requirement was to speak English well.

discover， look for， find， find out 都有“發(fā)現(xiàn)”之意，但用法不同：

1) discover指發(fā)現(xiàn)或偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)原來(lái)就存在但一直未被認(rèn)識(shí)的事物。例如：

Who discovered America in 1492? 是誰(shuí)在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲大陸的？

2) look for 作“尋找”解時(shí)，指尋找的動(dòng)作和過(guò)程。例如：

Are you still looking for that place? 你還在找那個(gè)地方嗎？

What are you looking for? 你在找什么？

3) find指尋找的結(jié)果，即“找到”，通常指偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)。例如：

I looked for my pen here and there， but I couldn’t find it. 我到處找我的鋼筆，但是沒(méi)找到。

Where did you find your lost bike? 你丟失的自行車(chē)是在哪里找到的？

4) find out 指經(jīng)過(guò)觀(guān)察、調(diào)查把某事、某物查出來(lái)，搞清楚，弄明白。例如：

Please find out when the train leaves. 請(qǐng)查一下火車(chē)什么時(shí)候開(kāi)。

【實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練】

( )1. —Why don’t you go there with me tomorrow?

—_______. I will go there with you.

A. That’s a good idea B. That’s my pleasure

C. That’s interesting D. That’s funny

( )2. What about something _______?

A. to be drunk B. to drink

C. drinking D. drunk

( )3. I always prefer _______ early rather than_______ to school without breakfast.

A. getting up; going B. get up; go

C. to get up; to go D. get up; to go

( )4. We are glad that he has _______ in a very short time.

A.made believe B. made against

C. made progress D. made after

( )5. He _______ her coming and waited there the whole morning.

A. heard from B. heard out

C. heard tell D. heard of

( )6. English is spoken in many countries， ______Australia， Canada and so on.

A. for example B. taking example

C. such as D. such for

( )7. —The population of this village is ______ than that of that village.

—That’s right. Lots of people of this village left their hometown for big cities.

A. larger B. smaller C. more D. fewer

( )8. ______ is the population of London?

A. How much B. How many

C. What D. What number

( )9. ______ of my classes come from the rural area.

A. Two third B. Seconds three

B. Second third D. Two thirds

( )10. When he was a child， he liked to ______ how things worked.

A. discover B. look for

C. find D. find out

Keys: 1~5 ABACD6~10 CBCDD