一、It句型
it的用法在初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中占有較重要的位置,現(xiàn)做一總結(jié):
1. it用來(lái)指代時(shí)間、距離、天氣等,在句子中
作主語(yǔ)
It's very cold here. 這兒天氣很冷。
It's a long way to get there.
到達(dá)那里路途很遙遠(yuǎn)。
It's seven o'clock now. 現(xiàn)在是七點(diǎn)鐘。
2. it指無(wú)生命的東西
-What's it? 這是什么?
-It's a desk. 是一張桌子。
3. it用來(lái)指小孩,特別是嬰兒
She had a baby. And it hasn't eaten anything. 她生了個(gè)小孩。這個(gè)小孩還沒(méi)有吃東西呢。
-Whose is the child?
-It's Mr Brown's.
這是誰(shuí)的孩子? 是布朗先生的。
4. 根據(jù)某線索或某事實(shí)來(lái)問(wèn)及是誰(shuí)或某
物,用it.
-Where's our food? 我們的食物呢?
-Maybe somebody took it away.
或許有人把它拿走了。
-Who is it ? 誰(shuí)?
-It's me,Tom. 是我,湯姆。
5. it用來(lái)充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)
這時(shí)it位于句首,而真正的主語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞不定式或that從句充當(dāng),后置。例如:
It's good for our health to take enough exercise. 做足夠的運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)身體健康有好處。
It's true that he has been back from Japan. 他已從日本回來(lái)這件事是真的。
6. it用來(lái)充當(dāng)形式賓語(yǔ)
真正的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式或that從句。例如:
She finds it hard to work in the shop.
她發(fā)現(xiàn)在商店工作不容易。
He feels it his duty to help his sister.
他覺(jué)得幫助姐姐是他的職責(zé)。
The boss made it clear to his workers that everyone should be on time.老板向工人們講清楚了每一個(gè)人都必須準(zhǔn)時(shí)。
7. 使用it的固定句型
(1)It's no good/use doing sth..(做某事
是不好的/沒(méi)有用處的)
(2)\"It be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that從句\"強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。例如:
It's no good complaining.
抱怨是沒(méi)有好處的。
It's no use crying always.
總是哭是沒(méi)有用處的。
It is Lei Feng that was always ready to help others. 雷鋒總是愿意幫助別人。
It was yesterday that I heard from you.
我是昨天收到你的來(lái)信的。
二、There be句型
There be句型表示“某處有或存在某人或某物”,該句型在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)。
1.句型搭配
句型構(gòu)成:“引導(dǎo)詞There+連系動(dòng)詞be+主語(yǔ) (人/物)+地點(diǎn)(介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞)”。例如:
There is a book on the table.
桌子上有一本書(shū)。
There is an apple over there.
那兒有一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。
2.名詞及主謂一致
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)必須用單數(shù)is;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)必須用復(fù)數(shù)are。例如:
There is a river in the picture.
畫(huà)里有一條河。
There are two children in the room.
房間里有兩個(gè)孩子。
如果There be句型后的主語(yǔ)是幾個(gè)并列的名詞時(shí),則根據(jù)離謂語(yǔ)be最近的名詞的數(shù)確定be的形式,即該名詞是單數(shù),be用is;該名問(wèn)是復(fù)數(shù),be用are。例如:
There is a bird and two boys in the tree. 樹(shù)上有一只鳥(niǎo)和兩個(gè)男孩。
There are two boys and a bird in the tree. 樹(shù)上有兩個(gè)男孩和一只鳥(niǎo)。
3.There be句型常用的修飾詞與句式
(1)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞時(shí)常用不定冠詞a/an來(lái)修飾;當(dāng)表示有“一些”時(shí),常用some于肯定句或表示建議、邀請(qǐng)的疑問(wèn)句中,用any于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中。例如:
There are some girls in the room.
房間里有些女孩。
Are there any birds in the tree?
樹(shù)上有些鳥(niǎo)嗎?
(2)在構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí),其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:
①I(mǎi)s + there + a/an + 單數(shù)名詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ)?
②Is + there + 不可數(shù)名詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ)?
③Are + there + any + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ)?
回答用Yes,there is/are.或No,there isn't/aren't.例如:
-Is there a ball on the table?
桌子上有個(gè)球嗎?
-No,there isn't. 沒(méi)有。
-Are there any children near the door?
門(mén)邊有些孩子嗎?
-Yes,there are. 有。
(3)There be句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成為:
①How many + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + are there +介詞短語(yǔ)?
②How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there+ 介詞短語(yǔ)?
這種句型主要用來(lái)詢問(wèn)“某處有多少人或物”。例如:
How many students are there in your class? 你們班有多少學(xué)生?
4.There be結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
There be這種結(jié)構(gòu),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞除be之外,還可用live,lie,exist,stand,remain,go,come等表示“存在”意義的不及物動(dòng)詞。例如:
Long,long ago,there lived a king.
很久很久以前有個(gè)國(guó)王。
There stands a tall tree on the top of the mountain. 山頂上有一棵大樹(shù)。
There goes the bell for class.
上課鈴響了。
There comes the bus.
公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了。
There remains much to be done.
還有許多事情要做。
5.There be結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式
There be結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是“be going to/ seem to/happen to/used to/be likely to/... + be(原形)”。例如:
There is going to be a heavy snow tonight. 今晚可能有場(chǎng)大雪。
There seems to be something wrong with the engine. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)好像有問(wèn)題。
There happened to be a car nearby.
碰巧附近有輛車(chē)。
There used to be a hospital here.
從前這里有家醫(yī)院。
There is likely to be a meeting at 5 o'clock. 五點(diǎn)鐘可能有個(gè)會(huì)議。
6. There be句型與have(has)的用法區(qū)別
There be句型與have/has均表示“有”,但 There be句型強(qiáng)調(diào)“某處有某人/某物”,著重“存在”的狀態(tài);have/has則強(qiáng)調(diào)“某人有某物”,著重“所有”。例如:
Three are children in my family。
我家有三個(gè)孩子。
I have three children.我有三個(gè)孩子。