王對(duì)成
1. —Were there any sharks? 里面有鯊魚(yú)嗎?
—No, there werent any sharks, but there were some really clever seals. (P47) 沒(méi)有,但里面有些確實(shí)聰明的海貂。
【難點(diǎn)釋疑】 這里用的是“there be”句型。這種句型表示“某地(或某時(shí))有某人(或某物)”,其形式為“there be + 代詞或名詞(短語(yǔ)) + 地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”。這里there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒(méi)有詞義, be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞, be后面的代詞或名詞(短語(yǔ))是主語(yǔ)。 be的形式要和與其鄰近的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。 be后面加not可構(gòu)成否定形式;將be放在there前面可構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句; “be(或其否定式) + there”可構(gòu)成附加句中的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句。例如:
There were eight thousand students in our school last year. 去年我們學(xué)校有8,000名學(xué)生。
There are 60 minutes in an hour. 一小時(shí)有60分鐘。
There is some meat on the plate. 碟子里有些肉。
There will be an English evening next Tuesday. 下周二有一個(gè)英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。
【知識(shí)拓展】 在使用“there be”句型時(shí),要記?。喝绻髦髡Z(yǔ)用的名詞是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,其前可用“any, some, few, a few, many”或“數(shù)詞 + hundred/thousand/million, hundreds/thousands/millions of, no”等修飾;若主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞則可用“any, some, no, little, a little, much”等詞修飾。例如:
There is much water here. You neednt get some more. 這兒有很多水了,你不需要再去取了。
There is no food at home. You have to buy some at once. 家里沒(méi)有吃的了,你得趕快去買(mǎi)一些。
2. —Did you go to the zoo? 你去動(dòng)物園了嗎?
—No, I went to the aquarium. (P47) 沒(méi)有,我去了水族館。
【難點(diǎn)釋疑】 這是以實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句和陳述句。在英語(yǔ)中,表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用“一般過(guò)去時(shí)”。例如:
My mother was here five minutes ago. 我母親五分鐘前在這兒。
There were a lot of trees in front of our classroom before the earthquake. 地震前我們教室前有許多樹(shù)。
We had a good time in the park yesterday. 昨天我們?cè)诠珗@里玩得很開(kāi)心。
They worked here in 2002. 他們2002年在這兒工作。
3. Class 9 had a great time on the school trip. (P49) 9班的同學(xué)在學(xué)校組織的旅游活動(dòng)中玩得很開(kāi)心。
【難點(diǎn)釋疑】 句中的have是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,不是助動(dòng)詞。如果把本句變?yōu)榉穸ň?,?yīng)改為: Class 9 didnt have a great time on the school trip. 改為一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí),應(yīng)為: Did Class 9 have a great time on the school trip? 再如:
We had a meeting yesterday. 昨天我們開(kāi)了一個(gè)會(huì)。
Did you have a meeting yesterday? 昨天你們開(kāi)會(huì)了嗎?
We did not have a meeting yesterday. 昨天我們沒(méi)有開(kāi)會(huì)。
4. Finally, tired but happy, they took the bus back to school. (P49) 最后,他們非常疲憊但開(kāi)心地乘車(chē)返回了學(xué)校。
【難點(diǎn)釋疑】 句中的形容詞tired but happy用作狀語(yǔ)。再如:
Sad and tired, she slept the whole day. 又難過(guò)又疲憊,她睡了整整一天。
Young, rich and pretty, Rose has a lot of boy friends. 露絲年輕、富裕又漂亮,所以她有很多男朋友。
Large or small, all countries are equal. 國(guó)家無(wú)論大小,都是平等的。
【知識(shí)拓展】 ① 形容詞除了用作狀語(yǔ)外,還常用作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。例如:
I think youd better not marry young. 我認(rèn)為你最好不要早婚。
He came home sick. 他帶病回了家。
Her voice is very sweet. 她的嗓音很甜美。
② 形容詞修飾something, nothing, anything, everything等不定代詞時(shí)要后置。例如:
I have to speak to the man loudly because theres something wrong with his ears. 我不得不大聲對(duì)這個(gè)人講話(huà),因?yàn)樗亩溆忻 ?/p>
5. That sounds interesting. What did you see? (P49) 那聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣。你看到些什么了?
【難點(diǎn)釋疑】 ① sound在句中用作系動(dòng)詞,后面要跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。例如:
The music sounds sweet. 這音樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)真悅耳。
The idea sounds nice. 這主意聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。
② “What did you see?”是以實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)的特殊疑問(wèn)句, did在句中用作助動(dòng)詞,沒(méi)有任何意義。再如:
Where did you go last week. 上周你到哪里去了?
What did they do a moment ago? 剛才你做了什么?
【知識(shí)拓展】 常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有以下幾種:
① 狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞be用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或身份。例如:
He is a teacher. We are students. 他是一名教師。我們是學(xué)生。
② 表像系動(dòng)詞,用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)像”這一意義,主要有seem, appear, look等。例如:
He looks tired. 他看起來(lái)很累。
She seems (to be) very sad. 她看起來(lái)很傷心。
③ 感官系動(dòng)詞,這種系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste等。例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布摸起來(lái)很軟。
This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來(lái)很香。
④ 持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞,用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,這種系動(dòng)詞主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand等。例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)總是保持沉默。
⑤ 變化系動(dòng)詞,這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣,它們主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。例如:
He became mad after that. 自那之后,他瘋了。
6. On my next day off, I dont want to go for a drive. (P50) 我下一個(gè)假期,不想去開(kāi)車(chē)了。
【難點(diǎn)釋疑】 本句中的to go for a drive用作賓語(yǔ)。 decide, hope, agree, choose, fail, wish, learn, refuse, pretend等動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)而不能跟動(dòng)名詞。例如:
He agreed to get someone to help us. 他同意找人來(lái)幫我們的忙。
Mr White is on the phone, wishing to speak to you. 懷特先生來(lái)電話(huà),要跟你講話(huà)。
They decided to leave here the next week. 他們決定下周離開(kāi)這里。
【知識(shí)拓展】 值得注意的是:動(dòng)詞know后面不能直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞作其賓語(yǔ),而要跟“連接代詞/連接副詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)。例如:
I really dont know what to do next. 我真地不知道下一步該怎么辦。
Do you know where to find him? 你知道在哪兒能找到他嗎?
Im sorry, I really dont know how to mend the clock. 很抱歉,我真地不知道如何修理鐘表。
7. Luckily, we brought our umbrellas and raincoats, so we didnt get wet. (P51) 幸運(yùn)的是,我們帶了雨傘和雨衣,所以我們沒(méi)有淋濕。
【難點(diǎn)釋疑】 本句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用的也是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句中的get用作系動(dòng)詞,后面可接形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞等作表語(yǔ)。例如:
It gets warmer and warmer. 天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和。
The boy got hurt on his way home from school. 放學(xué)回家的路上那個(gè)男孩受了傷。
get用作使役動(dòng)詞時(shí),常接形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如:
Dont get your room dirty. 別把你的屋子搞臟了。
Ill get her to help you with your maths. 我將叫她幫你學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)。
Can you get the clock going again? 你能讓這鐘走起來(lái)嗎?
She got her leg broken while playing basketball. 她打籃球時(shí)把腿摔斷了。