許振鐸

Hello， boys and girls!否定考點(diǎn)在中考中占較大比重，常見的考點(diǎn)有：

1. or在否定句中表“并列”；

2. 表示否定的“也”——either。

3. 否定詞hardly, never, few, little, no, nothing, none等。

4. 不定式中的否定。

5. 不含否定詞與not的否定句型。

6. 反意疑問句回答中的否定理解。

7. 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的否定回答。

8. 比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中的not。

9. not…until…句型。

10. 情景對(duì)話中的否定。

[例1]

Tom doesnt have any brothers ____ sisters.

A. and B. or C. with D. and or

[解析]本題意為“湯姆沒有兄弟也沒有姐妹?！币渍`選A，要注意：在否定句中須用or表示“和”。

[答案]B

［考考你］把下列句子變?yōu)榉穸ň?/p>

She has a son and a daughter.

She ____ ____ a son ____ a daughter.

[答案]doesnt have, or

［例2］

Li Mei didnt go to the cinema, and I didnt ____.

A. so B. also C. too D. either

［解析］“也”的表示法是中考熱點(diǎn)，注意辨別：

“也”●肯定：so (句首)，also（句中），too(句尾)

●否定：neither, nor(句首)， either(句尾)

該題的“也”屬于否定，且位置在句尾，所以用either。

［答案］D

［考考你］單項(xiàng)選擇

1)I havent finished my homework; she hasnt, ____.

A. also B. so C. too D. either

2) She cant swim. ____ can I.

A. So B. Either C. Nor D. Also

[答案]1)D 2)C

［例3］

a) I cant work out this maths problem. I know ____ about maths.

A. few B. a few C. little D. a little

b) Xiao Li is the right person to show the foreigners around, for

____ of us can speak English.

A. all B. each C. both D. none

c) ——What else do you want?

——____ else. I think I got everything ready.

A. Something B. Nothing C. Anything D. Everything

d) I cant get on the bus, because there is ____ on it.

A. little room B. few room C. no room D. not any rooms

[解析]此類知識(shí)點(diǎn)最難，需要深層理解句意，從句意的順承或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系判斷其意思，從中選擇正確答案。

［答案］a)C b)D c)B d)A

[例4]

——There is nobody here. Lets play football.

——No, we cant. My father often tells me _____ in the street. Its

dangerous.

A. to play B. dont play C. not to play

［解析］此類題亦是中考熱點(diǎn)，注意以下幾種句型中not的位置：

①tell/ask sb. (not) to do sth.

②Would/will you please (not) do sth.?

③Why not+V原形＋…？

④had better (not)+V原形＋…

[答案]C

[考考你] 把下列句子譯成英語

1） 夜間她最好別去那兒。

She ____ better ____ go there at night.

2） 為什么不問問那邊的警察呢？

____ ____ ask the policeman over there?

[答案]1)had, not 2)Why not

［例5］

——This box is ____ heavy for me to carry. Can you help me?

——Certainly.

A. so B. much C. very D. too

[解析]too…to…句型是初中教材中非常有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，意思為“太……而不能”，本身有否定意義，不與not連用。

［答案］D

[考考你]單項(xiàng)選擇

1） They were ____ glad to see each other ____ remember everything

else.

A. so; that they B. too; that they C. too; to D. so, so

2） The five of us ____(不喜歡) playing football.

A. not like B. dislike C. no like D. doesnt like

[答案]1)C 2)B

[溫馨提示］“喜歡A而不喜歡B”為“prefer A to B”。

［例6］

——The Changjiang River isnt the longest river in China, is it?

——____.

A. Yes, it is B. No, it isnt C. No, it is D. Yes, it isnt

[解析]對(duì)于反意疑問句中“前否后肯”型，回答時(shí)須注意兩點(diǎn)：

1） 一致。（即Yes后“肯定”，No后“否定”。C、D是錯(cuò)的。）

2） Yes應(yīng)理解為“不”，No應(yīng)理解為“是的”。

［答案］A

[考考你]按要求做題

You arent a student.(變成反意疑問句，并作否定回答)

——You arent a student, ____?

——____.

[答案]are you, No, Im not

［例7］

——May I go now?

——No, you ____; you ____ stay here.

A. neednt; have to B. neednt; must

C. mustnt; have to D. mustnt; had to

[解析]注意：May…? 回答：No＋主語＋mustnt; Must…?回答：No+主語＋neednt.

[答案]C

［考考你］單項(xiàng)選擇

——Must I go and do it now?

——No, you ____. We still have two more days.

A. shouldnt B. cant C. neednt D. wont

[答案]C

［例8］

Mary is ____ careful as I, but Im ____ than you.

A. as; much careful B. as; much more careful

C. so; much careful D. so; very careful

[解析]易誤選C。注意：“not so/as…as…”，“as…as”結(jié)構(gòu)用于否定句中第一個(gè)as可用so替換,肯定句中則不行。

［答案］B

［考考你］選擇填空

——The classroom is ____ clean ____ it was yesterday.

——Sorry， I forgot to clean it.

A. as; as B. so; as C. not so; as D. more; than

[答案]C

［例9］

——Where is your headmaster?

——He ____ Shenyang. He wont be back ____ next week.

A. went to; after B. has gone to; until

C. has been to; until D. has been in; after

[解析]not…until…意為“直到……才……”。

［答案］B

[考考你]選擇填空

My grandma didnt go to sleep ____ I got back home.

A. where B. until C. as soon as D. while

[答案]B

［例10］

a)——Would you mind if I open the window?

——____.

A. Not at all B. Yes, I dont C. No, I mind D. Yes, please

b)——Would you like to play football with us?

——____.

A. Yes, Im glad B. Yes, Id love to

C. No, I dont like D. No, I cant

[解析]對(duì)于Would you mind if…?的否定回答應(yīng)為“Sorry, please dont.”。而對(duì)Would you like something to eat/drink?否定回答為：No, thanks.

［答案］a)A b)B

[中考熱身練]

把下列句子改為反義句，不用not，使其意思與原句意思相反，每空一詞：

1． He always comes to school early.

He ____ comes to school early.

2. Youll miss the train unless you hurry up.

Youll ____ the train ____ you hurry up.

3. My brother is old enough to join the army.

My brother is ____ ____ to join the army.

4. Both he and I have been to Beijing.

____ he ____ I have been to Beijing.

5. There is something wrong with your computer.

There is ____ wrong with your computer.

6. Li Ming usually goes to bed at nine.

Li Ming ____ goes to bed at nine.

7. Zhang Hua is strong enough to carry this box.

Zhang Hua is ____ ____ ____ he cant carry this box.

8. The five of us like playing football.

The five of us ____ playing football.

9. Xiao Hong is a known singer.

Xiao Hong is ____ ____ singer.

10. Everybody in our class knows where she lives.

____ in our class knows where she lives.

Keys:1.never 2.catch; if 3.too young 4.Neither, nor 5.nothing6.seldom 7.so weak that 8.dislike 9.an unknown 10.Nobody