聶小濤

學(xué)習(xí)反意疑問(wèn)句要掌握3個(gè)基本要點(diǎn)，即否定形式必須縮寫(xiě)，主語(yǔ)必須是人稱(chēng)代詞，結(jié)構(gòu)為肯定 + 否定或否定 + 肯定，但應(yīng)用到各種語(yǔ)態(tài)和句型中卻有各種變化。反意疑問(wèn)句，現(xiàn)將反意疑問(wèn)句常見(jiàn)的考點(diǎn)歸納如下：

一、考查陳述句的反意疑問(wèn)句

1. 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是指人的不定代詞everyone, everybody, someone, nobody, no one, none, anyone, somebody等時(shí), 反意疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)通常用they（有時(shí)也用he）。例如：

Everyone here knows him well, doesnt he?

Nobody could make him interested in politics, could they?

2. 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是指物的不定代詞（everything, nothing, something, anything等）、名詞性從句、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用it。例如：

What you want to do is to finish your work before she comes, isnt it？

Nothing serious happened, did it?

3. 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是代詞these, those或名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)必須是they；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是指示代詞this, that或單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)必須是it。例如:

Those are not their crops, are they?

This book belongs to Li ping, doesnt it?

注意：主語(yǔ)是不定代詞one時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用one。例如：

One should be ready to help others, shouldnt one?

4. 陳述部分帶有few, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, never, nowhere, nothing, no one, nobody等表示否定或半否定意義的詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句用肯定形式。注意：該句式的回答時(shí)的yes / no往往與中文意義相反，常譯為：不 / 對(duì)的。例如：

—You have never been to Beijing, have you?—Yes, they have. 你沒(méi)到過(guò)北京，對(duì)嗎？不，他們到過(guò)。

—Little food has been left, has it?

—No, it hasnt. 沒(méi)有了食物了，對(duì)嗎？ 對(duì)的,沒(méi)有啦。

5. 陳述句部分的主謂語(yǔ)是I / We think(suppose, consider, believe, guess, expect, imagine等)或者Im sure （We are sure， Im afraid， I feel sure等） that + 賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的主、謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與賓語(yǔ)從句的主、謂語(yǔ)相一致。例如：Im sure you will help me, wont you?

We think they have finished their homework, havent they?

注意：賓語(yǔ)從句如果轉(zhuǎn)移了否定詞，反意疑問(wèn)句部分要用肯定形式。例如：

I dont think he is a doctor, is he?

6. 陳述句部分是由and (but, so, or等)連接兩個(gè)并列句時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)必須采用就近一致的原則；當(dāng)陳述部分是復(fù)合句時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)必須與主句保持一致。例如：

She is a doctor but her husband isnt a doctor, is he?

They ran out of the room when they were in danger, didnt they?

注意：當(dāng)陳述句部分由either ... or ...,not only ... but also ...， not ... but ..., neither ... nor ...等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定。例如：

Neither you nor I am a teacher, are we?

7.陳述句部分帶有前綴un-, im-, in-, dis-的否定形容詞或有否定意義的動(dòng)詞fail, deny, miss, escape等時(shí)，此陳述句當(dāng)作肯定句看待，其后的反意疑問(wèn)句仍用否定形式。例如：

The students failed to pass the examination, didnt they?

Its illegal to drive a car without a license, isnt it?

8. 陳述部分是there be( live, lie, stand, remain, seem to 等)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，它的反意疑問(wèn)句主語(yǔ)用there。例如：

There is something wrong with your bike, isnt there?

There seems to be a heavy rain today, doesnt there?

二、考查含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子的反意疑問(wèn)句

1. 陳述部分帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may, dare，need， must（必須）, had better, would rather, would like和ought to等時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句常用對(duì)應(yīng)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例如：

He must study hard at English, mustnt he?

Youd better go home now, hadnt you?

2. 如果must表示“一定，肯定”的推測(cè)意義時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句必須與must后面的動(dòng)詞相呼應(yīng)。例如：

You must be very tired, arent you?

They must have gone to the lecture, havent they?

Jack must have arrived here yesterday, didnt he?

三、考查祈使句子的反意疑問(wèn)句

1. 肯定意義的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句部份用will you，有時(shí)也可以用wont you來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：

Go home now, will you?

Close the window, please, wont you?

2. 否定意義的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句部分只用will you。例如：

Dont be late again, will you?

Never forget to pay your income tax, will you?

3. Lets開(kāi)頭的祈使句，在意義上包含談話的對(duì)方在內(nèi)，其反意疑問(wèn)句部分往往用shall we；而Let us 開(kāi)頭的祈使句，在意義上一般不包含談話的對(duì)方在內(nèi)，反意疑問(wèn)部分句用will you。例如：

Let us have a look at your new dictionary, will you?

Lets have a look at your new dictionary, shall we?

四、 考查在感嘆句子的反意疑問(wèn)句

感嘆句的反意疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)具體內(nèi)容而定，但一律用否定式提問(wèn)。例如：

What a clever girl, isnt she?

How beautiful the flowers are, arent they?

五、考查特殊句式的反意疑問(wèn)句

1.陳述部分是“Im ...”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其后的反意疑問(wèn)句用arent I。例如：

I am not seriously ill, arent I?

2. 陳述部分含有have（has, had）, dare,

need已經(jīng)成為實(shí)義（行為）動(dòng)詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句用相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞提問(wèn)。例如：

She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?

You had a delicious breakfast this morning, didnt you?

3. 陳述部分是“I wish ...”時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句用may I? 表示詢(xún)問(wèn)或征求意見(jiàn)。例如：

I wish to be allowed to smoke here, may I?

4. 當(dāng)陳述句含有used to 時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句用did（也可用used）：

He used to get up early, didnt he / usednt he?

5. 當(dāng)陳述句是以so開(kāi)頭的句式時(shí)，表明說(shuō)話者已經(jīng)知道了答案，并非要對(duì)方回答，前后保持語(yǔ)意一致以確認(rèn)信息而已。例如：

So you dont want to see the film, dont you?

So he remembered to turn off the light when he left the room, did he？

【鞏固練習(xí)】

1. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him,______ ?

A. did theyB. didnt they

C. did itD. didnt it

2. Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design digital camera,______ ?

A. is heB. isnt he

C. doesnt sheD. does she

3. Harry wouldnt become a teacher if it hadnt been for the training,______ ?

A. would heB. had it

C. would itD. had he

4. Im sure youd better accept his offer, ____________?

A. hadnt youB. wouldnt you

C. shouldnt youD. couldnt you

5. —You must do as I tell you.

—Oh, so I must,______ ?

A. should IB. ought I

C. mustnt ID. must I

6. The women carrying babies, come in first,____________?

A. will youB. will they

C. dont theyD. do you

7. What a good time we had at the party,____________?

A. hadnt weB. didnt we

C. had weD. did we

8. —Tom told me that he overslept this______ morning.

—Oh, he rarely used to oversleep,______ ?

A. usednt heB. use he

C. didnt heD. did he

9. I dont think he could have done such a stupid thing last night,______ ?

A. do IB. could I

C. did heD. has he

10. I told you that you shouldnt waste your time playing the computer games,______ ?

A. didnt IB. did I

C. should youD. shouldnt you

11. She is unfit for the position,______ ?

A. is sheB. isnt she

C. doesnt sheD. does she

12. They need our help badly at the moment,____________ ?

A. neednt theyB. need they

C. dont theyD. do they

13. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing,______ ?

A. wont weB. will we

C. dont weD. shall we

14. Frank is working late again. This is the first time this week hes had to study late,______ ?

A. isnt heB. hasnt it

C. hasnt heD. isnt it

15. —Daddys forgot to post the letter again,____________ he?

—Im afraid he______ .

A. has; hasB. isnt; is

C. hasnt; hasD. has; hasnt

16. They must have stayed at home on holiday,______ ?

A. mustnt theyB. havent they

C. didnt theyD. must they

17. There is little we can do about it,______ ?

A. is thereB. cant we

C. isnt thereD. can we

18. —The problem wasnt difficult for him,______was it ?

—______. He should have been given a ______ more difficult one.

A. No, it wasB. Yes, it was

C. Yes, it wasntD. No, it wasnt

19. His wife had the carpets and the curtains cleaned,______ ?

A. hadnt sheB. had she

C. didnt sheD. did she

20. I am very interested in Mark Twains novels,______ ?

A. arent IB. am not I

C. arent youD. are you

Keys: 1-5 DDAAC6-10 ABDCA

11-15 BCDDC16-20 BADCA