田明娥

一、 考綱解讀

高考考綱對代詞考點的要求是：

1． 了解代詞的分類；

2． 掌握人稱代詞的格及其語法功能；

3． 掌握名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞的用法和區(qū)分；

4． 掌握反身代詞的用法及其語法功能。

5． 掌握指示代詞、不定代詞和相互代詞的用法，特別是不定代詞的用法比較；

對代詞部份的備考注意力應(yīng)集中于不定代詞，應(yīng)重點學(xué)習(xí)不定代詞的意義特征和語法特征。

二、 考點分析

一、 不定代詞

考點1： 對both, either, neither, all, none, any, each, every的比較和選擇

【備考清單】

對上述不定代詞的考查可以從含義、數(shù)量關(guān)系、作定語時名詞的數(shù)、作主語時動詞的數(shù)5個角度加以區(qū)別，下面以表格形式列舉出它們的區(qū)別，并作適當(dāng)?shù)闹v解。

注意： ①none與neither后可加of短語，而no one后不能加of短語； none與neither表完全否定，而all, both, every與not連用時表示部份否定。關(guān)于部份否定, 注意下列句子的差別：

None of them likes sports. 他們都不喜歡運動。（全部否定）

Not all of them like sports.他們并不都喜歡運動。（部份否定）

Neither of them is Chinese.他們兩人都不是中國人。（全部否定）

Not both of them are Chinese. 他們倆并不都是中國人。（部份否定）

注意部份否定還可以用下面方式表達，學(xué)生們?nèi)菀讓⑵湔`認為是全部否定。例如:

All of them dont like sports. (= Not all of them like sports.)

Both of them are not Chinese. (= Not both of them are Chinese.)

② 表示兩者中“任何一個”用either，表示三者或以上的“任何一個”用any。

③ each與every都有“每個”的意思，但each強調(diào)每一個人或事物的個別情況， every雖為“每個”之意，但更強調(diào)“全體”之意，在句中只能作定語用。例如：

She knows each student of the class. (她認識這個班的每一個學(xué)生。)

She knows every student of the class. (她認識這個班所有的學(xué)生。)

each后跟of短語做主語時，句子的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Each of us has an English dictionary. 而every只作形容詞，只有與名詞連用或構(gòu)成復(fù)合代詞時，才能做主語或賓語。例如： Everyone has an English dictionary.

④ None of the stories (可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)) on the table are / is interesting.

None of the money (不可數(shù)名詞) on the table is mine.

例1： (2006北京) —Which driver was to blame?

—Why,_______! It was the childs fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars.

A. both B. each C. either D. neither

解析：答案是D。句意：—哪位司機應(yīng)負責(zé)？—呦，哪位也不應(yīng)負責(zé)呀！這事再簡單不過了，都是那個小孩的錯，是他突然從兩輛停放的汽車之間竄了出來。根據(jù)答語中It was the childs fault ... 可知錯不在司機，所以應(yīng)使用不定代詞neither表否定。

例2：（2006安徽）You may drop in or just give me a call._______ will do.

A. Either B. Each C. Neither D. All

解析： 答案為A。上句中提供的是兩種選擇，下句句意為“兩種之中任一種”皆可，故應(yīng)選either, each表示兩者，但不能強調(diào)任意性，all只用于指多者。

例3： (2004天津) It is easy to do the repair._______ you need is a hammer and some nails.

A. Something B. All

C. Both D. Everything

解析： 答案為B。依語境可知做此事很簡單，所需要的“所有”東西只不過是一把錘子和一些釘子，all you need相當(dāng)于all the things that you need; both指兩者都，every-thing意為“事事，凡事，一切東西。”

【即時鞏固練習(xí)】

1． （2006四川） Of all the books on the shelf,_______ is of any use for our study.

A. nothing B. no one

C. neither D. none

2. (2006浙江) If you cant decide which of the two books to borrow, why dont you take_______? I wont read them this week.

A. all B. any C. either D. both

3． (2005北京春) We asked John and Jerry, but_______ of them could offer a satisfactory explanation.

A. either B. none C. both D. neither

4. (2004上海) I had to buy_______ these books because I didnt know which one was the best.

A. both B. none C. neither D. all

5. (2004吉林) Thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _______ hes done for you.

A. something B. anything

C. all D. that

6． (2004北京) I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but_______ of them came.

A. neither B. either

C. none D. both

7. (2002春季) —Youre always working. Come on, lets go shopping.

—_______you ever want to do is going shopping.

A. Anything B. Something

C. All D. That

考點2： 對the one, one, ones, it, that, those, these, this等的比較和選擇

【備考清單】

以上這些詞多用于作替代詞，代替上文或下文中出現(xiàn)的人或事物。要準(zhǔn)確區(qū)分它們，應(yīng)從是特指還是泛指、是代替可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞及是指代同類同物還是同類異物等三個角度來進行。下面以表格形式對諸多用法做出總結(jié)。

注意：① this、these一般用來指時間或空間上較近的人或事物； that、those指在時間或空間上較遠的人或事物。this、these指后面要講到的事物； that、those常用來指前面提到的事物。

② it作代詞時，可以表示時間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象等；還可以指動物或無生命的東西，代替上文中出現(xiàn)的名詞；它也可以用作形式主語或形式賓語，以代替主語從句、賓語從句、動名詞或不定式；它還可以用于強調(diào)句型及一些固定短語、固定句型中。

例4： （2007浙江） —He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.

—When was_______?

—_______was in 2000 when he was still in college.

A. that; This B. this; It

C. it; This D. that; It

解析： 答案為 D。本題考查代詞的用法。that代替上文中的出版書并暢銷一事。it代替指示代詞that，選D。

例5： (2002全國) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_______ I will always treasure.

A. that B. one C. it D. what

解析： 逗號后的部份是an unforgettable moment 的同位語，而an unforgettable moment為泛指的內(nèi)涵，因而此處代詞也應(yīng)是表示泛指；that及it盡管可以指代上文中的內(nèi)容，但表示的是特指，故答案為B。

例6： (2002春招) —He was nearly drowned once.

—When was_______?

was in 1998 when he was in the middle school.

A. that; It B. this; This

C. this; It D. that; This

解析： that代替上文內(nèi)容，it代替時間。答案為A。

例7： (2005江蘇) Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than_______ in the city.

A. ones B. one C. that D. those

解析： 填空處詞要替代的是不可數(shù)名詞，故不能用A、B、D項，因為它們都只能代替可數(shù)名詞，而that是既可代替不可數(shù)名詞，又可代替可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，故答案為C。

【即時鞏固練習(xí)】

8. （2007全國卷Ⅰ） —Have you heard the latest news?

—No, what_______?

A. is it B. is there

C. are they D. are those

9. （2007陜西） —There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow_______?

—No, Id rather buy_______in the bookstore.

A. it; one B. one; one

C. one; it D. it; it

10. （2007遼寧） The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than

in the newspaper.

A. it B. those C. one D. that

11. （2007安徽） In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than_______.

A. that used to be B. it is used to

C. it was used to D. it used to be

12. （2007四川卷） Little joy can equal_______ of a surprising ending when you read stories.

A. that B. those C. any D. some

13. (2006江蘇) My most famous relative of all,_______ who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my great grandfather.

A. one B. the one

C. he D. someone

14. (2000全國) —Why dont we take a little break?

—Didnt we just have_______?

A. it B. that C. one D. this

15． (2005天津) I prefer a flat in Inverness to_______ in Perth, because I want to live near my moms.

A. one B. that C. it D. this

16． (2005浙江) Weve been looking at houses but havent found_______ we like yet.

A. one B. ones C. it D. them

17. (2005江西) Cars do cause us some health problems—in fact far more serious_______

than mobile phones do.

A. one B. ones C. it D. those

考點3： some, any, every及相應(yīng)復(fù)合代詞的辨析

【備考清單】

一般來說，some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句和疑問句中，但在表示請求或邀請的句子中，為了期望對方給予一個肯定的答復(fù)，通常要用some，而不用any；在條件狀語從句和if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中也只能用any；如: If you have any questions, please come and ask me. any也可以表示“任何”用于肯定句中。要注意: 在表示“任何的”的時候, any不可用于否定句。

(√) Nobody can do it. 或 No one can do it._______

(×) Anyone cant do it.

some, any, every常和-one, -body，-thing等構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞，其用法基本上與some, any, every用法相同。例如everything 與 not連用表示部份否定；又如everybody強調(diào)全體人員，而anybody表示“是否有人”。

anyone, everyone, someone等只指“人”，不指“事物”，其后不接of; any one, every one, some one既可以接“人”，也可以指“事物”，后可接of短語。

例8： (2003春招) —Your coffee smells great!

—Its from Mexico. Would you like_______？

A. it B. some C. this D. little

解析： 答案為B。本題要充分考慮情景性，題中四個選項在語法上基本都是正確的，但用some更能體現(xiàn)出說話人邀請的誠意，因為用some含有一種期望對方給予一個肯定答復(fù)的意味，因此用some最佳；D項若改為a little 則也可接受！

例9： (2004湖南) Playing tricks on others is_______ we should never do.

A. anything B. something

C. everything D. nothing

解析： 答案為B。句意為“捉弄別人是我們決不該做的事情”。主句為肯定句，故可排除A項。C、D項不合句意。

【即時鞏固練習(xí)】

18. （2007上海） The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5,000 to_______ who can capture the tiger alive or dead.

A. both B. others

C. anyone D. another

19. (2004浙江) We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for_______.

A. none B. either C. any D. each

20． (2004江蘇) I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will_______.

A. anyone B. anyone else

C. no one D. no one else

21． (2005重慶) —Victor certainly cares too much about himself.

—Yes. Hes never interested in what_______ is doing.

A. no one else B. anyone else

C. someone else D. nobody else

22． (2005湖北) First, it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from_______.

A. everyone else B. the other

C. someone else D. the rest

23． (2005安徽) I dont think weve met before. Youre taking me for_______.

A. some other B. someone else

C. other people D. one other

24. （2005福建） —Would you like_______, sir?

—No, thanks. I have had much.

A. some more arranges

B. any more oranges

C. some more orange

D. any more orange

考點4： nothing, none, nobody, no one的區(qū)別

【備考清單】

nothing指物，作主語時謂語用單數(shù)； none既可指人也可指物，作主語時謂語可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)； nobody及no one指人； nothing, no one及nobody后不能加of短語，但none后可加； none及no one只用于肯定句中；四者皆可用于簡略回答，在一般情況下，nothing回答以what開頭的問題， nobody和no one回答who, 而none回答how many / much。例如：

—Whats on the sports ground?

—Nothing.

—Who is in the reading-room?

—Nobody / No one.

—How many students are there in the classroom?

—None.

—How much milk is left?

—None.

例10： （2007福建） The book is of great value._______can be enjoyed unless you digest it.

A. Nothing B. Something

C. Everything D. Anything

解析： 答案為A。根據(jù)第一句可知這本書是很有價值的，所以能得出“只有在理解的前提下才能領(lǐng)悟其中的樂趣”。nothing與unless在同一句中，雙重否定表示肯定，故答案選A。

例11： （2007江西） —What do you think of the performance today?

—Great!_______ but a musical genius could perform so successfully.

A. All B. None

C. Anybody D. Everybody

解析： 答案為B。none but“只有”。

【即時鞏固練習(xí)】

25. （2007重慶） Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly_______left in the house.

A. anything B. everything

C. nothing D. something

26. (2004廣東) She doesnt know anyone here. She has got_______ to talk to.

A. anyone B. someone

C. everyone D. no one

27. (2004重慶) —One weeks time has been wasted.

—I cant believe we did all that work for_______.

A. something B. nothing

C. everything D. anything

考點5： other, the other, others, the others, another的區(qū)別

【備考清單】

常見短語搭配及意義：

One ... the other ... 指一定范圍內(nèi)兩人 (物) ，一個用one，另一個用the other。

One ... another ..., another ... 一定范圍內(nèi)三者，一個用one，另一個用one (another)，第三個可用the other，a third或another

Some .... others ..., others ... 泛指別的人或物時，用others；當(dāng)在一定范圍內(nèi)，除去一部份后，剩余部份但不是全部時，也用others。

others = other people / things

the others = the rest剩余的全部，一定范圍內(nèi)，除去一部份人 / 物，剩余的全部用the others。

another + 數(shù)詞 + 名詞 = 數(shù)詞 + other / more + 名詞

例12： (2004遼寧) I have done much of the work. Could you please finish_______ in two days?

A. the rest B. the other

C. another D. the others

解析： 答案為A。the rest 既可指代可數(shù)名詞，也可指代不可數(shù)名詞；而work不可數(shù)；the others屬復(fù)數(shù)概念，與work的不可數(shù)形式矛盾；the other與one對應(yīng)時表示“一個……另一個”，作定語時則要修飾名詞。

例13： (2005上海) No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of_______.

A. others B. the other

C. either D. another

解析： 答案為B。句中neither side暗示出有雙方，the other指兩者中的另一者，為特指，而D項為泛指，不合題意。

例14: (2006天津) We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so lets have

one this month.

A. the other B. some

C. another D. other

解析： 答案是C。another: one more of the same kind, another與one連用符合句意要求；而the other則表示兩個中的另一個。

【即時鞏固練習(xí)】

28. （2007年安徽卷） The schools music group will be giving a big show tomorrow night and two_______ on the weekend.

A. more B. other C. else D. another

29. (2005廣東) I think hes just going to deal with this problem_______ day.

A. next B. other

C. following D. another

30. (2004天津) I got the story from Tom and_______ people who had worked with him.

A. every other B. many others

C. some other D. other than

31. (2003上海) Shanghai is really a fascinating city and weve decided to stay for_______ two weeks.

A. another B. other

C. the other D. others

32. (2000全國春季) One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and_______.

A. the other is white

B. another white

C. the other white

D. another is white

考點5: 考查正確辨析和使用few, a few, little, a little, many, much, several等詞語的能力

【備考清單】

few，a few，many，several修飾可數(shù)名詞； little，a little，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。few和little有否定意義，表示“沒有什么”， a few，a little有肯定意義，表示“有幾個”，“有一些”，而several是三個以上的“幾個”， 比a few 語氣更強些。quite a few （little）很多，大量的； not a little 非常。

例15: (2004北京) Theres_______ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get_______?

A. little; some B. little; any

C. a little; some D. a little; any

解析: 句意為“家里剩下的食用油不多了，你能不能去拐角處的商店買些來？”第一空表示否定意義“少”，應(yīng)用little；第二句表示請求并希望得到對方肯定的回答，用some而不用any，答案為A。

【即時鞏固練習(xí)】

33. (2006陜西) I used to earn_______ than a pound a week when I first started to work.

A. less B. a few C. fewer D. a little

34. (2006遼寧) I hear_______ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball.

A. quite a lot B. quite a few

C. quite a bit D. quite a little

35. (2005全國Ⅲ) —Would you like some more tea?

—_______, please.

A. No more B. Just a little

C. Ive had enough D. Yes, I would

二、 人稱代詞、物主代詞、相互代詞及疑問代詞

考點6：人稱代詞的用法

例16： （2007湖南） To save class time, our teacher has_______ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for our homework.

A. us B. we C. our D. ours

解析： 答案為A。students做代詞us的同位語，且us在句中做has的賓語，所以應(yīng)用代詞的賓格形式。

【即時鞏固練習(xí)】

36. (2006重慶) My grandma still treats me like a child. She cant imagine_______ grown up.

A. my B. mine C. myself D. me

37. (2004重慶) I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately_______ couldnt spare me even one minute.

A. they B. one C. who D. it

38. (2003北京) —Susan, go and join your sister cleaningthe yard.

—Why_______? John is sitting there doing nothing.

A. him B. he C. I D. me

考點7： 物主代詞的用法

例17： (2004上海春招) Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are_______.

A. him and her B. his and hers

C. his and her D. him and hers

解析： 只有B項中兩代詞皆為名詞性物主代詞，the rest指the stamps為物，故表語要對應(yīng)名詞性物主代詞，即答案為B。

【即時鞏固練習(xí)】

39． (2001春招) If this dictionary is not yours,_______ can it be?

A. what else B. who else

C. which elses D. who elses

考點8： 反身代詞的用法

【備考清單】

反身代詞可作動詞和介詞的賓語, 還可用作同位語來表示強調(diào)。常用反身代詞作賓語的動詞有： enjoy, buy, wash, help, teach, seat, dress, find, express, hide等。反身代詞還可以和一些動詞構(gòu)成詞組，如：come to oneself, say to oneself, devote oneself to ...,throw oneself ..., tear oneself from ..., busy oneself with ..., make oneself known等。注意以下常見的習(xí)慣用語：

oneself——本人地，親自地

The president himself came here.

of oneself——自然地，自動地

The door opened of itself.

for oneself——為自己

I dont have anything to say for myself.

by oneself——單獨地，獨自地

I can do it all by myself.

in oneself——本身性質(zhì)，本性

The material in itself is poisonous.

例18: (2006安徽) Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed_______ to_______ and then posted it at the nearby post office.

A. it; her B. it; herself

C. herself; her D. herself; herself

解析： 答案是B。句意：Catherine買了一張有關(guān)她參觀地方的明信片，在上面寫上姓名地址。如：Address all the mails to Tom when I am away.第一空用it代指the postcard，第二空所寄對象是Catherine本人，用反身代詞herself。

【即時鞏固練習(xí)】

40. (2006福建) —Who called me this morning when I was out?

—A man calling_______ Robert.

A. him B. himself C. his D. 不填

41． (2005湖南) You will find as you read this book that you just cant keep some of these stories to_______. You will want to share them with a friend.

A. itself B. yourself

C. himself D. themselves

考點9：疑問代詞的用法

例20: (98全國) Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I cant remember_______.

A. where B. there C. which D. that

解析： 句意為不記得是兩地點(名詞)中的哪一個，故只有which符合；where意為“在哪里”，是問地址或方位。

三、 談it在高考試題中的應(yīng)用

it是高考大綱要求掌握的代詞之一。在歷年高考題中，it是經(jīng)常考查的項目。綜合近幾年來高考題分析，高考對it的考查主要集中于it用于強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)及一些涉及到時間的句型，it作形式主語或賓語及用于指代人或事物這四個方面。下面結(jié)合高考題對it的用法作出分類和總結(jié)。

考點10：it用于指代人、事物及it用于習(xí)慣用法中

【備考清單】

1) it用于指代人或事物。

it作為無人稱代詞時可用于表示時間、距離、天氣、自然現(xiàn)象，也可用于指代人或事物，其中用于指代人或事物是高考考查的熱點。例如：

—Whats this？—Its a book. ( it用于代替剛提到過的一件事，it在這種情況下，既可指一個具體的東西，也可指前面所談到的事情或情況。)

—Who is knocking at the door？

—Its me. (it用于指代性別或身份不明的人，相當(dāng)于一個指示代詞。)

例21： (2004上海) Bills aim to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal,_______？

A． isnt it B． is it

C． isnt he D． is he

解析： 答案為A。句子主語為Bills aim，指事物而非人(Bill)，故反意疑問句中不能用he，而it指代Bills aim。

例22： (2000上海) Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_______.

A． who is he B． who he is

C． who is it D． who it is

解析： 答案為D。依據(jù)see后加賓語從句可排除A及C項，因為賓語從句中應(yīng)用陳述語序；依語境所談到的那個人并不知道具體的身份或性別，故只能用it來代替。

【高考大練兵】

42． (2005全國Ⅱ) The doctor advised Versa strongly that she should take a holiday, but_______ didnt help.

A． it B． she C． which D． he

43． (2000上海) The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, _______？

A． did they B． didnt they

C． did it D． didnt it

2) it 常用于一些習(xí)慣用法中作某些動詞的含糊賓語，構(gòu)成習(xí)慣短語,很多時候并無實際意義。

這種用法在高中階段的英語學(xué)習(xí)中屢見不鮮，需要注意。2006年全國卷I第26題中“If one can help it”的意思是“如果能不做……”。請看下面的例句：

I cant help it if he doesnt come.如果他不來我也沒辦法。（cant help it意思是“控制不了，是沒辦法的事”）

The last train has gone. Come on, well have to foot it. 最后一列火車已經(jīng)開走了?？禳c吧，我們不得不走著去了。（foot it或walk it意思是“步行”）

The train is due to leave in five minutes. We will never make it.火車再過五分鐘就開了,我們是絕對趕不上了。（make it表示“成功；做到；趕上”）

He never made it as an actor. ( make it辦得到，做成功)

—When shall we meet again?

—Make it any day you like; its all the same to me．

—我們何時再見面？

—由你來定。我什么時間都可以。（此處make it表示“定下來”）

If no one can help, Ill go it alone.如果沒人能幫忙，我就自己干。（go it意思是“干，做”）

Bob studied hard till 10 P.M. and then decided to call it a day and went to bed.鮑勃一直學(xué)習(xí)到晚上10點鐘，于是他決定到此為止，上床睡覺。（call it a day意思是“就干到這里為止”）

—Do member to take this medicine three times a day.

—Got it. ( Youve / Ive got it.懂了，明白了。)

—I still owe you for lunch yesterday.

—Forget it. ( forget it算了吧，別提它了；休想，不可能)

—Thanks for all your help.

—Dont mention it. (Dont mention it.不客氣。)

Take it easy! Dont panic. (Take it easy.別著急，慢慢來；放松，別過份勞累。)

—Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?

—It all depends. (It / That (all) depends.那要看情況而定。)

It cant be helped. (I cant help it.) 沒有辦法。（這是不可避免的。）

It can be helped. (I can help it.) 有辦法。（這是可以避免的。）

I dont like to do the job, but it cant be helped.

—When will you go to America for a visit?

—Its hard to say. 這很難說。

The two sides had a heated discussion, but it came to nothing. (沒有什么結(jié)果。)

Thats it.對了。

Its the same with sb.某人的情況也是一樣。

Get with it ! 振作精神！

Keep at it! 堅持下去！

as it is / was “事實上，既然如此依現(xiàn)在的情況”，通常用于句前。

“照原樣”，通常用于句末，如：

As it is, we can hardly get to the station by six oclock.

Leave the chair as it is.

It is up to sb. to do sth.由某人決定做某事。

You must see to it that the door is locked. (see to it that ...注意；留神；負責(zé))

believe it or not“信不信由你”，“我說的是真的”，在句中作插入語。例如：

Believe it or not, I came across her in the street yesterday.

like it or not “不管你喜歡不喜歡”，在句中作插入語。例如：

You must tell me the truth, like it or not.

As Chris put it, there is no gain without pain. 正如Chris所說，“不勞則無獲?！?/p>

Dont hesitate about it! Its worth it. (worth it在口語中，相當(dāng)于useful, 表示“有好處，值得做”)

As it happened, they were out. (在口語中，相當(dāng)于Its a pity that ..., 表示“真不湊巧，真遺憾”)

As it turned out (最后被證明是), his statement was false.

其它短語：run for it設(shè)法逃脫；keep at it堅持，別懈氣；take it easy別著急；Thats it!這就對了，就這樣。take it for granted認為……理所當(dāng)然

例23： （2006全國） If I can help_______,

I dont like working late into the night.

A. so_______ B. that_______ C. it_______D. them

解析： 答案為C。 此題意為：如果我能應(yīng)付得了的話，我可不喜歡熬夜。it在這里無所指，它可用于一些動詞之后，表是特定的意思。又如：Can I help it if it rains？天下雨我能阻止嗎？

【高考大練兵】

44. （2004天津） —How often do you eat out?

—_______, but usually once a week.

A. Have no idea B. It depends

C. As usual D. Generally speaking

45. （2004江蘇） —How long are you staying?

—I dont know._______.

A. Thats OK B. Never mind

C. It depends D. It doesnt matter

考點11： it用于強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中

【備考清單】

it可用于強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，用以改變一個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，對句中的某些成份(不包括定語或謂語)加以強調(diào)。強調(diào)句型的基本模式是It is / was＋被強調(diào)部份＋that / who ＋其它成份。強調(diào)人時可用who及that作連接詞，強調(diào)事物及狀語時只能用that作連接詞。強調(diào)句子的一般疑問句只需把is / was提前，而特殊疑問句還需在一般疑問句前加上疑問詞。有時還可以用It might be ...that ...，It must have been ... that ... 的句型來表示強調(diào)。強調(diào)句型的最重要特征是：①表示強調(diào)；②去掉It is / was ... that / who ... 后句子結(jié)構(gòu)依然完整。注意高考對強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的考查十分頻繁，考查的方面主要集中于that與who的選擇，強調(diào)從句及在一般疑問句、特殊疑問句中的應(yīng)用。例如：

It is I who am right. (強調(diào)主語，不能用me，只能用I。)

It was him that we met yesterday. (強調(diào)賓語)

It was because of his illness that he didnt go to school. (強調(diào)狀語)

It was not until then that I realized my mistake. (強調(diào)狀語)

Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out？

When was it that you called me yesterday？

It must have been his brother that you saw.你看到的一定是他的兄弟。

例24： (2004上海) Why！I have nothing to confess._______ you want me to say？

A． What is it that B． What it is that

C． How is it that D． How it is that

解析： 答案為A。依據(jù)句末問號可排除B、D兩項，因為它們使用的是陳述句語序；依say為及物動詞可排除C，因為只有what可作say的賓語；A項是在特殊疑問句中強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的用法，what正是強調(diào)的內(nèi)容。

例25： (1998全國) It was only when I reread his poems recently_______ I began to appreciate their beauty.

A． until B． that C． then D． so

解析： 答案為B。句中only when I reread his poems recently這一時間狀語從句正是強調(diào)的內(nèi)容。

【高考大練兵】

46． (2004廣東) I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter_______ Im talking to.

A． who is it B． who it is

C． it is who D． it is whom

47． (2004上海春招) It was only with the help of the local guide_______．

A． was the mountain climber rescued

B． that the mountain climber was rescued

C． when the mountain climber was rescued

D． then the mountain climber was rescued

考點12： it用作形式主語或形式賓語

【備考清單】

1) it用作形式主語

it可以用作形式主語，用以代替不定式、動名詞或從句，使真正的主語放在句子的后部，免得句子顯得頭重腳輕。常見的句型有：

① It ＋ be ＋ 形容詞(obvious, true, nat-ural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, pos-sible, likely, certain, probable, etc.) ＋ that從句。例如：

It is certain that she will do well in her exam.

It is probable that he told her everything.

It is strange that he should have failed in this exam. 真奇怪，他這次考試竟不及格。

② It ＋ be ＋ 名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise)＋that從句。例如：

Its a pity that we cant go.

Its no surprise that our team should have won the game.

③ It ＋ be ＋ 過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arran-ged, etc.) ＋ that從句。例如：

It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.

It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.

It is well-known that she is a learned woman.

It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.

④其他含it的常見句型It takes sb. ... to do sth. 該句型中it是形式主語，不定式是真正的主語，常譯為“做……要花費某人……”。

It took me a whole day to complete the article.

It is (just) like sb. to do sth. 意為：“某人(恰恰)就是這個樣子”, 肯定句用來表示“贊成或不滿”，否定句則表示懷疑。

It is just like her to think of others before thinking of herself.

It occurred to me that I had met him in Beijing last month. 我突然想到……

It happened that he was out when I got there.

＝ He happened to be out when I got there.當(dāng)我到那兒時，碰巧他不在。

Its likely that he was already informed of the truth. 有可能……

It seemed that he had seen the film several times. 看起來……

Its no use / no good doing sth. 做某事無用。

例26： （2007全國卷Ⅱ）_______ felt funny watching myself on TV.

A. One B. This C. It D. That

解析： 答案為C?？疾樾问街髡Z。用it代替后面動名詞短語watching myself on TV。

【高考大練兵】

48. （2007山東）_______ worried me is the way he keeps changing his mind.

A. This B. That C. What D. It

49. (2006浙江)_______ is our belief that improvement in health care will leadto a stranger, more prosperous economy.

A. As B. That C. This D. It

50. （2005上海）_______in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.

A. What is requiredB. What requires

C. It is required D. It requires

51. （2005湖北） He hasnt slept at all for three days._______ he is tired out.

A． There is no point B． There is no need

C． It is no wonderD． It is no way

52. （2004北京） The Foreign Minister said, “_______our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”

A. This is B. There is

C. That is D. It is

2) it用作形式賓語

it用作形式賓語，也可用于替代不定式、動名詞或從句。它用于think, make, find, believe, feel, consider等后作賓語，其跟復(fù)合賓語(賓語補足語)，也可用于like, love, enjoy, hate, dislike, appreciate等表示“喜好”的動詞后面，以替代真正的賓語從句。例如：

We think it necessary that you will help him.

I felt it my duty to help the poor.

They thought it no use trying to persuade him.

Lets make it a rule that anyone who leaves the room last should turn off the lights.

I love it when you sing. (我喜歡聽你唱歌。)

I hate it when she speaks of me. (我討厭她說我。)

it用在某些需要接但又不能直接接賓語從句的動詞或短語之后作形式賓語，然后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。常見的短語和動詞有：take(認為，猜想), count on, depend on, rely on, look forward to, see to（負責(zé), 注意）等等。此類用法到目前為止還未在高考試卷上出現(xiàn)過，現(xiàn)在通過幾個例句體會一下：

I take it that he is not fond of reading this novel.我想他不喜歡讀這本小說。

Ill see to it that everything is ready. 我將負責(zé)把一切都準(zhǔn)備好。

They are looking forward to it that Miss Li will come back from the USA.他們盼望著李小姐從美國回來。

You may rely on it that she wont be late.你也許指望她不會遲到。

例26： （2006山東） Idappreciate

if you would like to teach me the computer.

A. that B. it C. this D. you

解析： 答案為B。表示喜歡愛恨等方面的動詞如love，like，appreciate，hate，dislike等后往往可加上it做形式上的賓語，再加上從句作真正的賓語。

【高考大練兵】

53. (2006湖南) As the busiest woman in Norton, she made_______her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town.

A. this B. that C. one D. it

54． (2005全國Ⅰ) The chairman thought

necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.

A． that B． it C． this D． him

55． (2004吉林) —Do you like_______here？

—Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.

A． this B． these C． that D． it

56． (2004全國) I like_______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.

A． this B． that C． it D． one

3) it作形式主語、as引導(dǎo)的定語從句及there be結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別

As is know to all, Edison invented the telephone. (as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代替后面主句的整個內(nèi)容，as在從句中做成份。）

It is known to all that Edison invented the telephone. (it為形式主語，代替that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，that不在從句中做成份，注意此時句中不能有逗號。)

Its our hope that Taiwan will return to the mainland one day. (it為形式主語，代替that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，用于說明我們的希望是什么。)

There is not much hope that they are still alive. (that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句，用以說明hope的具體內(nèi)容，強調(diào)的是客觀上有無希望。)

例27： (1994上海)_______ is known to all, China will be an_______ powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.

A． That; advancing B． This; advanced

C． As; advanced D． It; advancing

解析： 答案為C。句中逗號表明前后句間為邏輯上的主從關(guān)系，即as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語代替后面整句話的內(nèi)容；若用it則句中應(yīng)去掉逗號再加上連結(jié)詞that，此時it為形式主語。

【高考大練兵】

57． (1999上海)_______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.

A． Which B． As C． That D． It

考點13：it用于指時間的一些句型中

【備考清單】

句型1： Its (about / high) time that ... 是該……的時候了。

這個句型屬于虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，不管主句用的是is或was，that從句都需用動詞的過去式或should + 動詞原形，在time之前有時可加上high或about等以加強語氣。例如：

It is high time that we left for the station. 我們該動身向車站走了。

It is time that he should get up. =It is time that he got up.他該起床了。

Its about / high time that we went to bed / we should go to bed.

句型2： It is / was / will be the first time that ...是某人第一次做某事。

此句型的主語可用it，也可用this, that等，其中序數(shù)詞可以變化，該結(jié)構(gòu)中that從句中要使用完成時態(tài)。當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞用 is時，從句謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時；當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞用was 時，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時；當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞用will be 時，從句謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時（表示將來）。

It / This is the second time (that) she has rung you today.

It was the third time that I had visited the museum last year.

句型3： It is / was / will be ＋ 段時間 ＋ before ... 過了多久才……(強調(diào)時間長) It is not / wasnt / wont ＋ 段時間 ＋ before ... 沒多久就……(強調(diào)時間的短)

這個句型中的時間一般為表示一段時間的詞語，如long, years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes。主句中的謂語動詞用肯定式，表示“過了多久或要過多久……才（就）……”。主句的謂語動詞是否定式時，意為“沒過多長時間就……”。主句的時態(tài)可用過去時was或?qū)韜ill be；用was時，before從句用一般過去時；用will be時，before從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。例如：

It was a long time before he came back. 過了很長時間他才回來。

It will be two months before we meet again.要過兩個月，我們才能見面。

It was not long before she learned those poems by heart. 沒過多久她就背會了那些詩歌。

It will not be hours before we meet again. 要不了幾個小時我們還會再見面的。

句型4： It was / will be ＋ 某一時間點＋ when ... (when引導(dǎo)定語從句)

在這個句型中，it指時間，而且表示時間的詞語前沒有介詞（一般為具體時間）。主句中的謂語動詞和從句中的謂語動詞在時態(tài)上一般是一致的，如果主句是will be時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。

It was 7 oclock when I got up this morning. (我今天早晨起床時已是7點了。)

It will be evening when we get there. (我們到達時，將是傍晚。)

句型5： It is ＋ 時間 ＋ since ... 自從……以來有……多久了

注意： 當(dāng)since從句中的謂語動詞為持續(xù)性動詞時，要從這個動作的終點算起來計算時間。

Its years since I came here. (我來這兒已有好幾年了。)

Its years since I lived here. (我搬離此處已有好多年了。)

It is four years since I smoked. (我戒煙已有四年了。)

It is years since I was a teacher. (我不當(dāng)老師好幾年了。)

It is years since I have been a teacher. (我已經(jīng)當(dāng)老師好多年了。)

試比較下列三個句子的區(qū)別：

It was 600 years before the clock with hands was made. 過了600年帶指針的鐘表才制造出來。

It was 600 years ago that the clock with hands was made. 帶指針的鐘表是600年前就制造出來的。

It is 600 years since the clock with hands was made. 帶指針的鐘表制造出來已有600年了。

【高考大練兵】

58. (2006福建) —How long do you think it will be_______ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?

—Perhaps two or three years.

A. when B. until C. that D. before

59. (2005山東) It was some time_______ we realized the truth.

A. when B. until C. since D. before

60. （2005北京春季） It is almost five years_______ we saw each other last time.

A. before B. since C. after D. when

61. （2004福建） Scientists say it may be five or six years_______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.

A． since B． after C． before D． when

【即時鞏固練習(xí)答案】

1. D2. D3. D4. D5. C6. A7. C8. A9. A10. D11. D12. A13. B14. C15. A16. A17. B18. C19. C20. B21. B22. A23. B24. C25. A26. D27. B28. A29. D30. C31. A32. C33. A34. B35. B36. D37. A38. D39. D40. B41. B42. A43. D44. B45. C46. B47. B48. C49. D50. C51. C52. D53. D54. B55. D56. C57. A58. D59. D60. B61. C