英語中大部分動(dòng)詞有三種基本形式,即原形、過去式、過去分詞。從過去式和過去分詞的詞形變化看,動(dòng)詞可分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞兩種。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞都在其后加上-ed,而不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞就另有加法了。雖然數(shù)目不很多,但多數(shù)都是常用詞。很多同學(xué)在考試做題和作文時(shí),往往容易弄錯(cuò)。下面就從不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞中去尋找其變化的規(guī)律性,并將其歸納出來,以助同學(xué)們能快速牢記。
一、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞相同,即“ABB”型
1.元音字母有變化的有:
get—got—got(得到)
sit—sat—sat(坐)
win—won—won(獲得、贏得)
shine—shone—shone(發(fā)光)
find—found—found(發(fā)現(xiàn))
hold—held—held(握)
meet—met—met(遇見)
stand—stood—stood(站立)
understand—understood—understood(理解)
2.輔音字母有變化的有:
make—made—made(做)
have/has—had—had(有)
build—built—built(建立)
lend—lent—lent(借出)
spend—spent—spent(花費(fèi))
3.在原動(dòng)詞后加“t”或“d”的有:
learn—learnt—learnt(學(xué)習(xí))
mean—meant—meant(意思是)
hear—heard—heard(聽見)
pay—paid—paid(付款)
say—said—said(說)
4.元音字母和輔音字母都有變化的有:
(A)組:
feel—felt—felt(感覺)
smell—smelt—smelt(聞)
spell—spelt—spelt(拼寫)
keep—kept—kept(保持)
sleep—slept—slept(睡覺)
sweep—swept—swept(打掃)
leave—left—left(離開)
sell—sold—sold(賣)
tell—told—told(告訴)
(B)組:
catch—caught—caught(捕捉)
teach—taught—taught(教學(xué))
buy—bought—bought(買)
bring—brought—brought(拿來)
think—thought—thought(想)
二、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞與原形相同,即“AAA”型
hit—hit—hit(打擊)
hurt—hurt—hurt(傷害)
let—let—let(讓)
put—put—put(放置)
read—read—read(讀)
三、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞與其原形相同,即“ABA”型
come—came—come(來)
run—ran—run(跑)
四、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞不同,即“ABC”型
1.在元音字母上變化:
ring—rang—rung(按鈴)
sing—sang—sung(唱歌)
drink—drank—drunk(喝)
swim—swam—swum(游泳)
begin—began—begun(開始)
2.在動(dòng)詞原形后加“-en”構(gòu)成過去分詞:
eat—ate—eaten(吃)
fall—fell—fallen(落下)
ride—rode—ridden(騎)
write—wrote—written(寫)
be—was/were—been(是)
3.在動(dòng)詞的原形后加“-n”構(gòu)成過去分詞:
see—saw—seen(看見)
give—gave—given(給)
drive—drove—driven(駕駛)
take—took—taken(取)
mistake—mistook—mistaken(弄錯(cuò))
blow—blew—blown(吹)
throw—threw—thrown(扔)
draw—drew—drawn(繪制)
grow—grew—grown(成長)
know—knew—known(知道)
show—shew—showen(出示)
4.在動(dòng)詞的過去式后加“-n”構(gòu)成過去分詞:
break—broke—broken(打破)
speak—spoke—spoken(說)
choose—chose—chosen(選擇)
5.其它情況:
do—did—done(做)
go—went—gone(去)
fly—flew—flown(飛)
lie—lay—lain(躺)