在杭州寶石山下一個大院里，生活著一對身份特殊的耄耋伴侶：一位是曾擔任過浙南游擊縱隊副政委、括蒼支隊政委，解放后歷任浙江省農(nóng)業(yè)機械廳廳長、浙江省政協(xié)副主席的邱清華；一位是曾擔任過永樂人民抗日自衛(wèi)游擊總隊政治指導員，解放后歷任《浙南大眾報》總編輯、《浙江日報》副總編輯的張雪梅。

然而，這對革命伉儷卻出身于敵對營壘里的顯赫之家。邱清華生于名門望族，堂兄邱清泉是國民黨王牌軍二兵團司令；張雪梅的父親張沖32歲就當上了國民黨最年輕的中央執(zhí)行委員，是蔣介石身邊的紅人。由于夫妻倆身份特殊，盡管他們在大革命洪流中反叛家庭投身革命，在戰(zhàn)爭年代出生入死，為新中國的誕生立下汗馬功勞，但“文革”中他倆依然被假想為“打入革命隊伍的內(nèi)奸夫妻”，分別被關了三年半和四年的“牛棚”。而當人們客觀審視歷史之后，竟然發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的父輩張沖是位對國家民族有大功的歷史人物。

今秋丹桂初香的一個夜晚，張雪梅熱情地向本刊記者回憶了她所知道的父親張沖。

關心女兒的品行和婚姻

張沖字淮南，1904年生于浙江樂清頭村。他少年機敏，5歲能誦《詩經(jīng)》的一些篇章，念小學時即能旁征博引作長文。10歲那年慈母金老夫人為他定下“娃娃親”，女方之父高性樸，早年留學日本早稻田大學，學識淵博，見未來女婿“風采異人”，非常喜愛，親自悉心授業(yè)。張沖17歲與同齡的高志驤完婚，次年生子張炎，一年后又生女張雪梅。20歲張沖以第三名的成績考入北京交通大學，后以官費生轉(zhuǎn)入哈爾濱中俄工業(yè)大學，次年又考入哈爾濱法政大學，畢業(yè)后官運亨通。

張雪梅說：父親與母親20歲就分居了。在我8歲那年，父親帶了個俄國夫人娜丹回來。他們在哈爾濱俄語圈子里結(jié)識，父親因參與國民革命而被張作霖逮捕，娜丹為營救父親奔走呼號，兩人感情日深而結(jié)合。后來，娜丹無意中得知我母親的存在，執(zhí)意要來老家向母親當面道歉。娜丹人很好，有良心，我們?nèi)艺嬲\接納了她?？墒鞘Y介石不放心這個蘇聯(lián)女子，他對父親說：“你在我身邊工作，難保不泄漏機密。”蔣介石給了娜丹很多錢，叫她同父親離婚回蘇聯(lián)去了。

張雪梅說，父親對我的品行和婚姻很關心。我念初中二年級時數(shù)學成績不好，有次到女同學黃桂香家請教作業(yè)，留宿黃家，被夜間查鋪的老師發(fā)現(xiàn)人去床空，受記過處分。哥哥寫信把這事報告了父親，父親很快來信教誡：“記過事小，失節(jié)事大，以后千萬注意?！焙髞碛謱懶沤o我：“婚姻問題，你自己做主，經(jīng)父同意即可。”在給我外公高性樸的信中也說：“雪梅婚事，似應注意。同鄉(xiāng)中有體質(zhì)強健、聰明、能刻苦讀書者，不問家境，即貧苦者亦可以說合。如雪兒自己心中有羨慕之青年，也可提與沖商?！?/p>

張雪梅說，父親不時有錢寄回來，但不多，不足以修繕祖居。有一年蔣介石了解我家房屋年久失修，特撥一筆錢叫父親轉(zhuǎn)給祖母。祖母品德很高，把這筆錢都分給了窮苦人家。蔣介石知道后批評父親：“你怎么也赤化了!”

從反共骨干到聯(lián)共聯(lián)蘇

張雪梅對父親的真正了解，是在揭去歲月塵封的史料中獲得的。采訪時，她把歷年來收集的資料悉數(shù)交給記者。

“皇姑屯事件”張作霖被炸死后，張沖被張學良釋放，1929年回到南京。因才華出眾，他很快升任國民黨組織部調(diào)查科(“ 中統(tǒng)”前身)總干事，主管情報事務。當年所謂“伍豪(周恩來化名)等脫離共黨啟事”和利用叛徒顧順章追捕共產(chǎn)黨要員周恩來、陳云、聶榮臻的陰謀行動，都是他策劃與指揮實施的。

然而隨著國內(nèi)外政治氣候的變化，在民族危亡的緊急關頭，張沖的思想立場發(fā)生了重要變化。他說：“當前日寇侵略日亟，共產(chǎn)黨也是有愛國心的，為什么不可以聯(lián)合起來一致對外呢？”1936年“西安事變”后，張沖成為蔣介石同延安、莫斯科秘密聯(lián)絡的專使，并與顧祝同、賀衷寒一起代表國民黨與中共代表周恩來、葉劍英于1937年2月11日在西安舉行了首次國共合作正式會談。此后，張沖不但參與了周恩來與蔣介石在上海、杭州煙霞洞、德清莫干山的直接談判，還與周恩來進行過幾十次的會晤和正式會談。

1937年5月下旬，張沖促成國民黨考察團訪問延安，讓國民黨大員深受教育，并在與毛澤東、周恩來四次長談中營造出融洽友好的氛圍。

1937年6月4日，張沖陪同周恩來上廬山續(xù)談國共合作，不斷來回轉(zhuǎn)達蔣介石與周恩來的意見，并為保證周恩來的絕對人身安全作出了精心安排。

同年11月，通曉俄語的張沖率團訪蘇，單獨與斯大林密談了5個多小時，議定了蘇聯(lián)援華辦法。事成歸來，張沖被蔣介石任命為軍事委員會顧問處中將處長，專門負責聯(lián)共、聯(lián)蘇事務。

這位由國民黨反共骨干轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檎嬲\聯(lián)共、聯(lián)蘇主要成員的“無雙國士”，為掃除重重障礙，最終實現(xiàn)二次國共合作作出了重要貢獻。

1941年1月，舉世震驚的“皖南事變”發(fā)生，國民黨《中央日報》歪曲事實，張沖義憤填膺，當眾將造謠報紙摔在地上，氣憤得飯都不吃。他痛心疾首地說：“民族生死存亡之時，還做這等兄弟相煎之事，可恥!可悲!”而當刊有周恩來題詞“千古奇冤，江南一葉；同室操戈，相煎何急!”的《新華日報》被當局扣壓之后，張沖親自陪同周恩來趕到現(xiàn)場，交涉兩個多小時，終于迫使當局退還了被扣壓的報紙。當周恩來在重慶機場遭檢查人員刁難時，張沖立即驅(qū)車蔣介石處取來手令，親自將周恩來送上飛機，協(xié)助周恩來飛返延安。

張沖的舉動遭到國民黨頑固派的忌恨，有的甚至揚言要暗殺他。張沖立下遺囑，準備為國家民族捐軀。

然而天妒英才，張沖未曾遭遇毒手，卻沒能躲過疾病的魔掌。1941年6月他染上惡性瘧疾，自知一病不起，留下遺言：“有負國家，有負老母?！?月11日，張沖病逝于重慶郊外40里的云龍旅館山洞內(nèi)，年僅38歲。追悼會上，蔣介石親臨祭奠，并撰哀挽：“赴義至勇，秉節(jié)有方；斯人不永，干將沉光?！泵珴蓶|、董必武、林伯渠等聯(lián)名致送的挽聯(lián)是：“大計賴支持，內(nèi)聯(lián)共，外聯(lián)蘇，奔走不辭勞，七載辛勤如一日；斯人獨憔悴，始病寒，繼病瘧，深沉竟莫起，數(shù)聲哭泣已千秋?！敝斓隆⑴淼聭阉屯欤骸皣繜o雙，斯人不再；九原可作，萬里相招。”周恩來在追悼會上十分哀痛，不但親書挽聯(lián)“安危誰與共，風雨憶同舟”，還發(fā)表了20分鐘的悼念演講，淚水盈眶，數(shù)次語不成聲。第二天，《新華日報》把周恩來的講話作為代社論在頭版頭條全文發(fā)表，周恩來親書標題《悼張淮南先生》。

張沖成了國共兩黨共同沉痛悼念的屈指可數(shù)的風云人物。

數(shù)十年辛酸已釋然

噩耗傳來，正在讀高中的張雪梅與胞兄張炎急往重慶奔喪，可是張雪梅途中染病，不得不半路返回。

對于父親在中國政治舞臺上的作為，張雪梅并不了解，她真切感受到的是父親給母親造成的辛酸和痛苦。接觸到進步書籍和先進思想的張雪梅，在1944年高中畢業(yè)、溫州淪陷之后開始尋找共產(chǎn)黨組織。一天她向小學時代的老師金強袒露心跡：“我想找共產(chǎn)黨?！苯饛娚钚抛约旱膶W生，坦然相告：“我就是共產(chǎn)黨員，我可以介紹你參加革命?！痹诶蠋熂依?，她第一次認識了中共樂清縣委委員周丕振，第二次認識了縣委書記邱清華，并很快被革命隊伍接納，后成為永樂人民抗日自衛(wèi)游擊總隊的一名女游擊隊員。張雪梅身材苗條，臉龐秀麗，腰間佩一支手槍，顯得英姿颯爽。

兩年后張雪梅到樂清中心縣委當秘書，與時任縣委書記的邱清華得以朝夕相處，相知相戀。1947年初，兩人在一個小山村舉行儉樸婚禮，從此兩位從敵對營壘反叛出來的革命者相濡以沫，一同為新中國的誕生和建設出生入死，鞠躬盡瘁。

1949年5月溫州和平解放，邱清華擔任溫州地委常委、副專員、專員，后任浙江省農(nóng)業(yè)機械廳廳長、省重工業(yè)廳副廳長、浙江大學副校長、省委組織部副部長、省政協(xié)副主席?，F(xiàn)在過著離休生活的邱清華，雖然患有冠心病，得過腦溢血，裝了心臟起搏器，但87歲的邱老依然可以倚杖而行。

而年輕時身體強壯的張雪梅，由于長期在報社上夜班，晝夜顛倒，生物鐘紊亂，身體日漸衰弱。她記著父親的教誨，“不讀荒誕之小說，不作無謂之文章”，為辦好報紙嘔心瀝血。1969年分水洪災，她一次捐出相當于一個大學畢業(yè)生一年的工資給災區(qū)。上世紀60年代初，行政14級的張雪梅本可提升進入“高干行列”，但她執(zhí)意謙讓給了別人?！拔母铩焙笏鳛椤墩憬請蟆贩止苋耸碌狞h委副書記、副總編，又一次把增加工資的機會讓出，一時傳為佳話。她手提飯盒自帶午飯、多年步行上班的身影，深深印烙在人們心間。

張雪梅的哥哥張炎在參加父親的追悼會后留在重慶工作，解放后在周恩來的親自關懷下進入華東革大學習，后隨王震部隊入疆，逝于新疆。

暫厝重慶郊區(qū)的張沖靈柩，原本打算抗戰(zhàn)勝利后遷回原籍安葬，由于種種原因，一直到半個多世紀后才得以魂歸故里，被安葬在樂清頭村獅子山上。一墓三穴，中為張沖，兩側(cè)為結(jié)發(fā)妻高志驤和第三位夫人余文之穴。高志驤83歲去世，身在臺灣的余文得知中央統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)部同意為張沖建墓立碑的消息，特寄款4萬元，希望死后與至愛葬在一起，張家如其所愿。高大墓碑上鐫刻周恩來的墨跡“張淮南先生”和書法家馮增榮續(xù)補的“之墓”兩字。1995年5月12日，張沖先生骨灰移葬儀式隆重舉行，浙江省和溫州市的領導及張家親屬友人500多人參加了儀式。

張雪梅和邱清華百感交集，雙雙在墓前鞠躬留影。這真是：同憶尊親，千百聲哭泣難訴盡；解密歷史，數(shù)十載辛酸已釋然。

Father’s Life Retold by Daughter

By Fu Tongxian， our staff reporter

Qiu Qinghua and his wife Zhang Xuemei are a couple with unusual family backgrounds. Qiu Qinghua came from a distinguished family and his cousin Qiu Qingquan was commander of the second corps of the KMT government in the late 1940s. Zhang Xuemei’s father Zhang Chong was a favorite of Chiang Kai-shek and became the youngest member of the KMT executive committee at the age of 32. Qiu Qinghua and Zhang Xuemei rebelled against their families and joined the Communist revolution. They fought for New China. During the Cultural Revolution， the couple was in prison for years on the 1 allegation that they were KMT spies. Of course， they are truly revolutionaries. Now， as people are beginning to reexamine history， Zhang Chong’s legendary life has become a focus of attention.

Now retired， the couple leads a peaceful life in a large courtyard at the foot of the Gem Hill by the West Lake in Hangzhou， the capital city of eastern China’s coastal Zhejiang Province. The other day， I visited the couple. Seeing them now， I can hardly imagine their stormy lives in the revolutionary age in the 1940s. During my visit， Zhang Xuemei told the story of her father. I was amazed.

Zhang Chong， alias Huainan， was born in 1904 in a village in rural Yueqing， Zhejiang. A born genius， he was able to recite poems from ìook of Songs at 5. He wrote long essays citing ancient examples in primary school. When he was ten， his mother made an arranged marriage for him. His future father-in-law， a returnee who had studied in Japan， gladly took the talented boy under his wing. At seventeen， Zhang Chong married Gao Zhixiang as arranged. Zhang Yan was born next year and Zhang Xuemei one year after her brother’s birth. At 20， Zhang Chong was recruited by Beijing Jiaotong University. An excellent student， he later transferred to Ha’erbin Politics and Law University and the government paid for his study there. Upon his graduation， he took to politics and became an official for the national government.

Zhang Chong visited home in Yueqing at 28， bringing a Russian wife. He married the woman after he met her within a circle of Russian-speaking friends in Ha’erbin. The family accepted the second wife partly because the woman was really nice. But Chiang Kai-shek was worried about the Russian woman as wife of his favorite assistant. Chiang gave the woman a lot of money and sent her back to the Soviet Union. Chiang Kai-shek was fond of Zhang Chong. One year， after learning that Zhang Chong’s house in home village was in a sorry condition， Chiang gave Zhang Chong an amount of money to repair the house. Zhang Chong sent the money to his mother. The mother， however， distributed the money among poverty-stricken villagers. After learning how the cash was distributed， Chiang rebuked Zhang Chong， saying， “How come you acted like a communist!?Zhang Xuemei got to know about his father mainly through various historical documents. He was arrested and thrown into jail by the warlord Zhang Zuoling who ruled the Northeast China. When the warlord was killed by a railway bomb planted by the Japanese troops， his son Zhang Xueliang came to power in Northeast China and released Zhang Chong. In 1929， Zhang Chong came back to Nanjing. Pretty soon， he was promoted to head the intelligence for the government. He hunted the communists working underground in cities.

However， Zhang Chong’s political view began to shift when Japan stepped up its attempt to move deeper into China. He believed the national government should cooperate with the communists to fight the Japanese invaders. After the Xi’an Incident in 1936， Zhang Chong acted as the special liaison for Chiang Kai-shek， shuttling busily to and from Nanjing， Yan’an and Moscow. He participated in negotiations with the communists in Xi’an in February 1937. That year， he met with Zhou Enlai dozens of times either on behalf of Chiang Kai-shek or with Chiang Kai-shek. In November 1937， the Russian speaking Zhang Chong visited the Soviet Union and talked alone with Stalin for more than five hours and made arrangements for Soviet Union’s military aids to China. After his return， Zhang Chong was promoted to the ranking of lieutenant general in charge of government affairs with the Communist Party and the Soviet Union.

Zhang Chong turned from a hardcore anti-communist to a man who helped the Communist Party and the KMT form a national alliance to fight the Japanese invasion.

Zhang Chong’s political attitude toward the Communists angered some people in the KMT and one even threatened to assassinate him. Before they took further actions， Zhang went down with an acute case of malaria in June， 1941 and passed away at the age of 38 tow months later on August 11 in a hotel， 20 kilometers from downtown Chongqing. Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong sent wreaths to the funeral. Zhou Enlai spoke for 20 minutes and wept at the funeral.

When the sad news reached the home village in Zhejiang， Zhang Xuemei and her elder brother immediately set out on the journey to Chongqing. But daughter fell ill on the road and had to come back home without attending the funeral. In 1944， Zhang Xuemei graduated from high school and joined the resistance guerilla team under the leadership of the Communists. In 1947， Zhang Xuemei married the guerilla leader Qiu Qinghua in a small village. After Wenzhou was liberated peacefully in 1949， Qiu Qinghua became a government leader. He was appointed to various important government posts and was vice president of Zhejiang CPPCC committee before his retirement in 1993.

After the liberation， Zhang Xuemei worked as a newspaper journalist. In 1969， she donated a year’s salary to the victims of a serious flood. After the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)， she worked as deputy editor-in-chief of Zhejiang Daily. People at the newspaper still remember her walking to the place of work with her lunchbox every workday. And they still remember three times she gave up opportunities to others to get salary raises.

Her brother Zhang Yan stayed in Chongqing after their father’s funeral. After the liberation， premier Zhou Enlai sent him to study at East China Military Politics University. Later he went to work in Xinjiang.

The Zhang family wanted to rebury Zhang Chong after Japan surrendered in 1945， but for various reasons， the rebury delayed until 1995. When Zhang Chong’s third wife learned that Zhang was to be reburied at the home village， she sent 40，000 yuan from Taiwan and asked to have a place reserved so that she could be buried with her husband after her own demise. The Zhang family agreed. The tomb was built with three graves. Zhang was buried in the middle. Zhang Chong’s first wife Gao Zhixiang died at 83 and was buried with her husband. A ceremony for the reburial of Zhang Chong’s ashes was held on May 12， 1995.

(Translated by Tian Jinjiang)