程華明

一、AS WELL AS，AND和NOT ONLY...BUT ALSO...

As well as可作為副詞，介詞以及連詞使用。在作并列連詞時，連接兩個相同的成分，如主語、謂語、賓語、表語和狀語等，表示“除……之外、不僅……還……、既……又……、不但……而且……、同、和、并、也”之意?，F(xiàn)分別舉例如下：

Tom as well as Jack blamed me.

不僅杰克，就連湯姆也責怪我。

To accomplish great things, we must dream as well as act.—Anatole Keats

要完成偉大的事業(yè)，既要實干，更要有崇高的理想。

——阿納托爾·濟慈（王國棟，2004：548）

Living things need light as well as air and water.

生物不僅需要空氣與水，還需要陽光。

He is courageous as well as strong.

他既強壯又勇敢。

A man may usually is known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps. —S. Smiles

通常不但可以從一個人所交往的人，還可以從所讀的書來了解一個人。

——斯邁爾斯（英國傳記作家）（王國棟，2004：548）

（改譯：通常，了解一個人不僅可以通過他所交往的人，還可以通過他所讀的書。）

As well as雖有“同、和、也”的意思，但與and的表意用法不同，并列連詞and可以連接名詞、代詞或數(shù)詞，其所連接的成分不分主次、輕重，但as well as有主次、輕重之分。例如：

“he as well as I”并不等于“he and I”?！癶e as well as I”，he是重點，I居次要地位，譯為“不僅我，而且他”。

The teacher blamed you and him as well as me.老師不僅責備我（次要），而且也責備了你和他。（“你和他”是重點。）

He masters English as well as French.他不僅精通法語（次要），而且精通英語（重點）。

He masters English and French. 他精通英語和法語。（英語和法語并重）（杜永文，2002：1056~1057）

As well as也不同于not only...but also...。As well as的重點在前面，而not only...but also...的重點在后面，即在but also之后。例如：

The teacher, as well as students wishes for holidays.

=Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for holidays.

不但學生就連老師也希望放假。（王國棟，2004：549）

所以在翻譯過程中，要謹慎對待as well as。應該先譯后面，再譯前面，因為中文里的“不僅……還……”、“不但……而且……”等關(guān)聯(lián)詞所連接的成分，其強調(diào)的部分在后面，正好與as well as相反。

Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.

無知是羨慕的根源，也是恐懼的根源。（蔡宗源，2000：73）

He grows flowers as well as vegetables.

他不但種菜而且種花。

She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.

她是一個攝影師又是很有才華的音樂家。(李振華、楊廣育，1991：1834)

He gave me money as well as advice.

他除了給我忠告外，還給我錢。

We shall travel by night as well as by day（both by night and by day）.

我們將日夜趕路。(A.S. Hornby, 1994：1307)

但這常常被英語學習者忽視，也不免于大家之手。張道真先生在其編著的各版語法書中，對as well as的翻譯基本上都錯了。現(xiàn)將其摘抄并改譯如下：（其書中相同的句子不重列）

I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays.

我念過他的一本小說和他的幾個劇本。（張道真，2002：454）

改譯為：我不僅讀過他的一些劇本，還讀過他的一本小說。

It is important for you as well as for me.

這對你對我都很重要。（張道真，2002：454）

改譯為：這不僅對我很重要，對你也很重要。

This is a political as well as an economic question.

這是一個政治也是經(jīng)濟問題。（張道真，2002：502）

這是一個政治問題，也是一個經(jīng)濟問題。（這句譯文出現(xiàn)在《實用英語語法》[最新版]中）（張道真，2003：467）

改譯為：這不僅是個經(jīng)濟問題，更是個政治問題。

We cannot expect her to do the homework as well as look after the children.

我們不能指望她既做作業(yè)又照看孩子。（張道真，2002：502）

改譯為：我們不可能叫她既照顧孩子又做家庭作業(yè)。

John can speak Chinese as well as French.

約翰能講漢語及法語。（張道真，2003：467）

改譯為：約翰不僅能講法語，還能講漢語。

We shall travel by night as well as by day.

我們將日夜兼程。（張道真，2003：467）

這是唯一譯對的一句，應是源于《牛津現(xiàn)代高級英漢雙解詞典》。

The conflict spread everywhere, into villages, as well as into cities.

沖突到處蔓延，蔓延到了農(nóng)村，也蔓延到了城市。（張道真，2003：467）

改譯為：沖突到處蔓延，蔓延到了城市，也蔓延到了農(nóng)村。

二、AS WELL AS的注意事項：

1. As well as連接三個成分時，可用A and B as well as C; A as well as B and C。但不可用A, B as well as C。（王國棟，2004：549）比如：通常不使用“you, he as well as I”，卻使用“you and he as well as I”（=“不僅我，而且你和他”）。（杜永文，2002：1056-1057）

2. As well as連接復合主語時，其后的動詞形式取決于as well as前面的名詞。例如：

Lynn as well as I likes mathematics.

不僅我，林恩也喜歡數(shù)學。

I as well as he want to go back home.

不僅他，連我也想回家。

3. As well as連接兩個謂語動詞時，它們的時態(tài)應保持一致。例如：

She publishes as well as prints her own novels.

她的小說是她自己印刷出版的。

She is cleaning the house as well as taking care of her child.

她在照顧孩子的同時也打掃房屋。

4. As well as連接人稱代詞的主格和賓格時，句意不同。例如：

Steven helped you as well as me.

史蒂文幫過我，也幫過你。（you和me都作help的賓語）

Steven helped you as well as I.

我?guī)瓦^你，史蒂文也幫過你。（you和I都作help的主語）

5. As well as用在否定句中，當as well as在not之前，兩者均否定；當as well as在not之后，否定前者，肯定后者。例如：

Phil,as well as David, hasnt been to Lushan.

不僅大衛(wèi)沒有去過廬山，菲爾也沒有。

Phil hasnt been to Lushan as well as David.

大衛(wèi)去過廬山，菲爾沒有。（菲爾并沒有和大衛(wèi)一樣去過廬山。）

6. As well as有時也會引起歧義，如：

She can speak French as well as English.

她不僅能講英語（次），也能講法語（主）。

也可以理解為：她法語與英語說得一樣好。

7. As well as作為介詞時，相當于besides，in addition to，后面通常接名詞或v?鄄ing形式，尤其位于句首時，例如：

As well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm.

他不但摔斷了腿，而且還傷了胳膊。

She sings as well as playing the violin.

她會拉小提琴，還會唱歌。（王國棟，2004：549）

此處as well as是介詞，所以其后接v?鄄ing形式，當然as well as也可作連詞連接兩個謂語動詞，上文已舉例。綜上所述，在使用as well as時，要特別小心，既不能與and等同，也不能與not only...but also相提并論。翻譯時要先譯后者，再譯前者。