周艷華

一、題型分析

回答問(wèn)題型任務(wù)閱讀要求學(xué)生根據(jù)短文、表格、圖片或圖文結(jié)合的材料回答命題者設(shè)定的問(wèn)題， 所設(shè)置的任務(wù)通過(guò)事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)的查找就能完成，與普通閱讀理解的解題方法相似，只是題目設(shè)計(jì)采用了主觀題形式，沒(méi)有給出選項(xiàng)，需要我們從材料中尋求信息，以一個(gè)完整的句子或者是其適當(dāng)?shù)目s略形式作答。從設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題所涉及的內(nèi)容看，考查文本表層理解多于深層理解，其設(shè)計(jì)的問(wèn)題多數(shù)針對(duì)文章中的細(xì)節(jié)提出，出題形式通常由一個(gè)一般疑問(wèn)句及who， what， why， where， when和how等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句組成，回答的內(nèi)容主要針對(duì)文章中的細(xì)節(jié)，答案基本都能在原文中找到出處。此類題型要求學(xué)生有較扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)和較強(qiáng)的綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。

二、 解題思路

1. 快速閱讀，掌握大意

做這種閱讀理解題，首先要瀏覽短文后面所提出的問(wèn)題，帶著問(wèn)題通讀全文，把握文章主旨大意。

2. 細(xì)讀短文，尋找信息

在把握文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)閱讀后面的問(wèn)題，在原文中找出問(wèn)題題干所包含的具體信息部分， 細(xì)讀與疑問(wèn)詞或者問(wèn)題相關(guān)的句子、短語(yǔ)及關(guān)鍵詞等，這樣就可以快速準(zhǔn)確地抓住有效信息，各個(gè)擊破，提高答題的準(zhǔn)確性。

3. 復(fù)讀文章，核實(shí)答案

在初步完成回答問(wèn)題后，同學(xué)們必須再仔細(xì)閱讀短文，看清問(wèn)題，認(rèn)真核實(shí)答案，避免答非所問(wèn)。

4. 檢查書(shū)寫，注意表達(dá)

任務(wù)型閱讀不僅考查學(xué)生閱讀理解層面的能力，更加注重考查學(xué)生“寫”的能力。因此，最后要檢查單詞拼寫是否正確，詞形有無(wú)變化，是否需要大寫等；人稱是否需要變化；問(wèn)題中的時(shí)態(tài)是否與原文一致，回答是否需要變化；問(wèn)題答案是否需要整合，回答是否全面；歸納概括表達(dá)是否準(zhǔn)確等。

三、 真題鏈接

【試題】（2022·遼寧·大連）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答下列問(wèn)題。

Seeing changes in China

①It was a warm spring day in 2021.Chen Beier， a reporter and TV presenter from Hong Kong，was on her way to a small village called Atuleer. The small village sits at the top of an 800-meter-high cliff（懸崖）. People can only get up to it by climbing a 2，556-step steel ladder（鋼梯）. It is very dangerous.

②So， was Chen looking for adventure there？The answer is no. The famous presenter was，instead，making a documentary.

③In February 2021，China reached an important goal. It got rid of poverty（擺脫貧困）. Many people couldnt believe this. After all，China has a large number of poor villages. In order to show the truth to people， Chen set out to make No Poverty Land.

④The trip turned out to be hard. When she was halfway up the ladder to Atuleer，for example，Chen felt so tired that she could hardly go any further. She was also afraid of heights. The villagers advised her to stop the climb，but the woman continued her climb.

⑤This steel ladder，in fact，is only six years old. Before it was built，the villagers had to face even bigger danger and use a rattan（藤條制成的）ladder. The government has also built houses for the villagers at the foot of the mountain. Through No Poverty Land，people can easily see how life in poor areas of China has been improved.

⑥China has changed a lot，but some people just find it hard to believe.Now，Chen has shown us what we can do about that：Dont just tell people about the great changes，show them when you can.

59. Who is Chen Beier？

60. Where is the small village Atuleer？

61. Why did Chen make the documentary No Poverty Land？

62. How did Chen feel about climbing up the ladder？

63. Through No Poverty Land， what changes can be seen in Atuleer？（Give one example.）

64. What do you think of Chen Beier？Why do you think so？

【分析】本文主要介紹了來(lái)自香港的記者和電視主持人陳貝兒前往四川阿土列爾村，她在做一個(gè)關(guān)于消除極端貧困的節(jié)目名叫《無(wú)窮之路》，向世人展示了中國(guó)發(fā)生的巨大變化。

【解答】59. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。此題題干中的疑問(wèn)詞who和名字為關(guān)鍵詞，可以在短文第①段迅速找到答題點(diǎn)，根據(jù)Chen Beier，a reporter and TV presenter from Hong Kong，可知答案為：A reporter and TV presenter.

60. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從題干的疑問(wèn)詞where入手，在短文第①段可以找到關(guān)于地點(diǎn)的信息，根據(jù)The small village sits at the top of an 800-meter-high cliff . 可知，阿土列爾的小村莊在800米高的懸崖上。故答案為：At the top of an 800-meter-high cliff.

61. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。此題以題干中的why為關(guān)鍵詞，細(xì)讀短文，在第③段中In order to show the truth to people，Chen set out to make No Poverty Land. 找到 In order to可知，陳要拍紀(jì)錄片《無(wú)窮之路》是為了向人們展示真相，故答案為：In order to show the truth to people.

62. 歸納概括題。根據(jù)題干中的特殊疑問(wèn)詞how可知，一般用形容詞來(lái)回答，故到短文中找形容詞。根據(jù)When she was halfway up the ladder to Atuleer，for example，Chen felt so tired that she could hardly go any further.可以找到tired為答案。此題要注意，接下來(lái)的 She was also afraid of heights，可知她也恐高。故完整答案為：She felt tired and afraid. 此題同學(xué)們查找信息要完整，并要進(jìn)行歸納概括。

63. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。此題為列舉題，應(yīng)通過(guò)閱讀，概括整合，回答完整例子。根據(jù)Through No Poverty Land，people can easily see how life in poor areas of China has been improved. 可知，通過(guò)《無(wú)窮之路》，在阿土列爾能看到人們的生活得到了改善。故答案為：Life in it has been improved.

64. 個(gè)人想法題。此題為開(kāi)放題，根據(jù)問(wèn)題，應(yīng)該用形容詞來(lái)概括最佳。根據(jù)In order to show the truth to people，Chen set out to make No Poverty Land. 可以看出陳貝兒是一個(gè)很有責(zé)任心的人，因?yàn)樗秊榱讼蛉藗冋故菊嫦喽谱髁思o(jì)錄片《無(wú)窮之路》。故答案為：I think she is responsible. Because she has make No Poverty Land in order to show the truth to people. 此類題型一般考查學(xué)生理解、概括、表達(dá)的綜合能力，答案力求表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確，積極向上。

四、答題策略

1. 注意不同問(wèn)題的回答方式

（1）一般疑問(wèn)句用Yes / No回答，避免犯錯(cuò)，簡(jiǎn)單即可。

（2）特殊疑問(wèn)句較為復(fù)雜，要注意問(wèn)題與回答在形式上的對(duì)應(yīng)：?jiǎn)柲康模ǔＳ?for短語(yǔ)或者不定式短語(yǔ)等來(lái)回答；問(wèn)原因，通常用 because of 短語(yǔ)或because 從句來(lái)回答；提問(wèn)詞是what，一般用完整句子、名詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)、名詞性從句來(lái)回答；而用when， where提問(wèn)時(shí)，不要忘記答語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)要加上介詞。

（3）最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題通常為開(kāi)放性題目，要做到言之成理，積極向上。

2. 答題時(shí)要注意表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確

（1）在組織答語(yǔ)時(shí)要認(rèn)真細(xì)致，能簡(jiǎn)避繁，確保準(zhǔn)確；避免使用不熟悉的句型、詞匯或短語(yǔ)，盡可能用原文中的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題，但不能完全照抄原句，要考慮是否需要對(duì)原文進(jìn)行總結(jié)歸納。

（2）要避免語(yǔ)言形式錯(cuò)誤，如拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、大小寫等，特別要注意首字母要大寫；同時(shí)避免語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，注意主謂是否一致、時(shí)態(tài)與原文是否對(duì)應(yīng)，人稱是否需要變化等。

總之，回答問(wèn)題型任務(wù)閱讀基于理解，重在表達(dá)，回答時(shí)要精煉概括、言簡(jiǎn)意賅，體現(xiàn)“簡(jiǎn)”與“準(zhǔn)”二字。同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的練習(xí)中，可以根據(jù)自己的認(rèn)知水平和思維能力，選擇一些時(shí)效性強(qiáng)的熱點(diǎn)話題并有思維含量的語(yǔ)篇作為閱讀材料進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練來(lái)提高自己的答題能力。