郭曉玉,李智,曲秀娟,劉云鵬
(中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院腫瘤內(nèi)科,沈陽(yáng) 110001)
·論著·
UGT1A1*6基因多態(tài)性與伊立替康毒性關(guān)系的meta分析
郭曉玉,李智,曲秀娟,劉云鵬
(中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院腫瘤內(nèi)科,沈陽(yáng) 110001)
目的通過整合相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行meta分析以得出UGT1A1*6基因多態(tài)性與伊立替康毒性的關(guān)系,指導(dǎo)臨床治療。方法通過PubMed數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)及手工搜索相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),制定文章納入排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn),納入文章進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià),提取數(shù)據(jù)后,應(yīng)用STATA12.0軟件進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果共納入12篇文章進(jìn)行分析,UGT1A1*6突變型較野生型發(fā)生粒細(xì)胞缺乏的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率顯著提高(OR=2.37,95% CI 1.58~3.55,P=0.001),其中純合突變型和雜合突變型較野生型粒細(xì)胞缺乏發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率高,純合突變型(OR=5.09,95%CI 2.74~9.45,P<0.001)較雜合突變型(OR=2.07,95%CI 1.37~3.13,P=0.001)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率更高;而在腹瀉方面,UGT1A1*6突變型較野生型發(fā)生腹瀉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率高(OR=1.48,95%CI 0.86~2.55,P=0.153),但無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,而其中純合突變型腹瀉發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率顯著增高(OR=3.51,95%CI 1.33~9.25,P=0.011),雜合突變型(OR=1.22,95%CI 0.68~2.22,P=0.503)腹瀉發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率增高,但結(jié)果無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。結(jié)論UGT1A1*6基因多態(tài)性可以預(yù)測(cè)伊立替康的毒性,尤其是粒細(xì)胞缺乏的發(fā)生率。
UGT1A1*6;基因多態(tài)性;伊立替康;毒性;meta分析
伊立替康自20世紀(jì)90年代問世以來已廣泛應(yīng)用于結(jié)腸癌、直腸癌、肺癌等實(shí)體瘤治療。大量臨床試驗(yàn)證明,伊立替康可明顯提高患者的總生存期[1~4],但因其毒性(主要為Ⅲ~Ⅳ度粒細(xì)胞缺乏和腹瀉)較大,其應(yīng)用受到一定限制[5]。伊立替康是喜樹堿半人工合成物,主要代謝部位為肝臟。經(jīng)靜脈注射后,在體內(nèi)經(jīng)羧酸酯酶(carboxylesterase,CE)轉(zhuǎn)化為7-乙基-10-羥基喜樹堿(7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin,SN-38)。后者為拓?fù)洚悩?gòu)酶Ⅰ抑制劑,抑制DNA單鏈斷裂后的修復(fù),干擾DNA復(fù)制和轉(zhuǎn)錄,發(fā)揮細(xì)胞毒效應(yīng)。SN-38進(jìn)而經(jīng)尿苷磷酸葡萄糖醛酸轉(zhuǎn)移酶(uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1,UGT1)A1滅活為葡萄糖醛酸產(chǎn)物SN-38G后,通過膽汁排泄入腸,在腸道細(xì)菌β-葡萄糖醛酸酶的作用下轉(zhuǎn)換為SN-38而引發(fā)腸黏膜損傷及遲發(fā)性腹瀉。腸道內(nèi)的UGT1A1酶又可再度催化SN-38為SN-38G解毒[6]??梢姡亮⑻婵档亩拘耘c其主要的藥物代謝酶UGT1A1有關(guān),而其酶活性的高低又受UGT1A1基因多態(tài)性的影響。因此,UGT1A1的基因多態(tài)性與伊立替康的不良反應(yīng)密切相關(guān)[7~10]。
美國(guó)食品及藥物管理局(Food and Drug Administration,F(xiàn)DA)已于2005年批準(zhǔn)UGT1A1*28用于預(yù)測(cè)伊立替康的不良反應(yīng)。但是,UGT1A1*28在白種人群中突變率較高,約為30%~40%,在亞洲人群中的發(fā)生率僅為7%~14%,而UGT1A1*6突變?cè)趤喼奕巳褐械陌l(fā)生率卻高達(dá)13%~24%。UGT1A1*6的多態(tài)性表現(xiàn)為第1外顯子區(qū)211G>A突變,形成3種基因型:野生型(G/G)、雜合突變型(A/G)和純合突變型(A/A)[11~13]。
目前,UGT1A1*6基因多態(tài)性與伊立替康的毒性關(guān)系并沒有一個(gè)明確結(jié)果,而相關(guān)研究的樣本量都較小,研究的毒性反應(yīng)不統(tǒng)一[11~30],且有些研究結(jié)果相悖[22,26,30,31],為研究UGT1A1*6基因多態(tài)性與伊立替康引起的Ⅲ~Ⅳ度粒細(xì)胞缺乏和腹瀉的關(guān)系,本文整合相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行meta分析。
1.1 文獻(xiàn)檢索
以“UGT1A1”,“UGT1A1*6”,“irinotecan”為關(guān)鍵詞在PubMed數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)檢索截至2013年12月的所有文獻(xiàn),并通過手動(dòng)檢索相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)。
1.2 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):與UGT1A1*6基因多態(tài)性和伊立替康毒性關(guān)系有相關(guān)性、使用英語(yǔ)發(fā)表的、發(fā)表于同行審閱的雜志的文章納入;排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):非英文發(fā)表、系統(tǒng)綜述或病例報(bào)道、未提供UGT1A1*6各基因型粒細(xì)胞缺乏或腹瀉發(fā)生的具體人數(shù)的文章排除。
1.3 質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)與數(shù)據(jù)提取
對(duì)納入文獻(xiàn)應(yīng)用The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)量表,由兩名人員分別獨(dú)立對(duì)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),不同意見討論處理。提取作者、年份、地域、研究人數(shù)、腫瘤類型、化療方案、伊立替康劑量,UGT1A1*6各基因型發(fā)生Ⅲ~Ⅳ度粒細(xì)胞缺乏及腹瀉的人數(shù)及總?cè)藬?shù)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
用STATA12.0軟件meta分析板塊,對(duì)UGT1A1* 6不同基因型發(fā)生Ⅲ~Ⅳ度細(xì)胞缺乏及腹瀉的優(yōu)勢(shì)比(odds ratio,OR)及95%可信區(qū)間(95%confidence interval,95%CI)進(jìn)行分析,當(dāng)P<0.05時(shí),結(jié)果有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。應(yīng)用Chi-square-based Q檢驗(yàn)對(duì)異質(zhì)性(I2)定量分析,若I2>50%,認(rèn)為有明顯異質(zhì)性,我們將采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行分析,若無明顯異質(zhì)性,將采用固定效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行分析。最后,使用漏斗圖進(jìn)行發(fā)表偏倚評(píng)價(jià)。
2.1 基本信息
根據(jù)檢索策略,初步檢索文獻(xiàn)327篇,排除不相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)281篇,日文文獻(xiàn)3篇,無具體不良反應(yīng)人數(shù)文獻(xiàn)26篇,無具體不良反應(yīng)類型文獻(xiàn)5篇,最后共12篇文獻(xiàn)[14,15,18~23,25,28,30,35]符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn),共包括1 100例,其中野生型(G/G)707例、雜合突變型(A/G)340例,純合突變型(A/A)53例,其中與嚴(yán)重粒細(xì)胞缺乏相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)11篇,與嚴(yán)重腹瀉相關(guān)6篇。應(yīng)用NOS量表,由2名人員分別獨(dú)立對(duì)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。提取作者、年份、地域、研究人數(shù)、腫瘤類型、化療方案、伊立替康劑量等相關(guān)信息,見表1。
2.2 UGT1A1*6基因多態(tài)性與伊立替康毒性——粒細(xì)胞缺乏關(guān)系
UGT1A1*6基因多態(tài)性與嚴(yán)重粒細(xì)胞缺乏關(guān)系的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)11篇,結(jié)果與森林圖見圖1、圖2,UGT1A1*6突變型較野生型發(fā)生粒細(xì)胞缺乏的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率顯著增高(OR=2.37,95%CI 1.58~3.55;P<0.001),其中純合突變型和雜合突變型較野生型粒細(xì)胞缺乏發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率均增高,純合突變型(OR= 5.089,95%CI 2.742~9.446,P<0.001)較雜合突變型(OR=2.068,95%CI 1.366~3.129,P=0.001)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率更高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,且純合突變型(I2= 0.0%,P=0.562)與雜合突變型(I2=37.2%,P= 0.102)均無顯著異質(zhì)性。
2.3 UGT1A1*6基因多態(tài)性與伊立替康毒性——腹瀉關(guān)系
而在腹瀉方面,UGT1A1*6基因多態(tài)性與嚴(yán)重腹瀉關(guān)系的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)6篇,結(jié)果與森林圖見圖3、圖4,UGT1A1*6突變型較野生型發(fā)生腹瀉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率有提高(OR=1.48,95%CI 0.86~2.55,P=0.153),但無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,而其中純合突變型腹瀉發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率顯著提高(OR=3.51,95%CI 1.33~9.25,P=0.011),結(jié)果有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,雜合突變型(OR=1.22,95%CI 0.68~2.22,P=0.503)腹瀉發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率有提高,但結(jié)果無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,純合突變型(I2=0.0%,P=0.748)與雜合突變型(I2=0.0%,P=0.715)均無顯著異質(zhì)性。
表1 基本信息表Tab.1 Main characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis
UGT1A1*6多態(tài)性對(duì)伊立替康毒性的影響主要體現(xiàn)在粒細(xì)胞缺乏上,對(duì)腹瀉的影響并不明顯。我們考慮,粒細(xì)胞缺乏主要為伊立替康的血液學(xué)毒性反應(yīng),因此受UGT1A1*6多態(tài)性影響較大,而腹瀉可能與患者既往接受手術(shù)、放療等多種因素有關(guān),因此受UGT1A1*6多態(tài)性影響較小。
伊立替康主要代謝部位為肝臟。在體內(nèi)經(jīng)CE轉(zhuǎn)化為SN-38發(fā)揮細(xì)胞毒效應(yīng)。SN-38進(jìn)而經(jīng)UGT1A1酶滅活為葡萄糖醛酸產(chǎn)物SN-38G后,通過膽汁排泄入腸。因此,伊立替康毒性不僅與UGT1A1酶有關(guān),而是多種酶共同作用的結(jié)果。目前有研究[2]表明,ABCB1 C3435T多態(tài)性與伊立替康代謝有關(guān),進(jìn)一步研究應(yīng)用伊立替康不良反應(yīng)的人群的基因表達(dá),可更加全面準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)伊立替康的毒性。
綜上所述,UGT1A1*6多態(tài)性對(duì)伊立替康毒性有影響,無論粒細(xì)胞缺乏還是腹瀉,UGT1A1*6突變型均較野生型有更大的毒性風(fēng)險(xiǎn),且純合突變型風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大,因此UGT1A1*6多態(tài)性可以預(yù)測(cè)伊立替康的毒性反應(yīng),從而指導(dǎo)臨床用藥。
圖1 粒細(xì)胞缺乏AA:GGFig.1 AA:GG neutropenia
圖2 粒細(xì)胞缺乏GA:GGFig.2 GA:GG neutropenia
圖3 腹瀉AA:GGFig.3 AA:GG diarrhea
圖4 腹瀉GA:GGFig.4 GA:GG diarrhea
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(編輯 武玉欣)
Association of UGT1A1*6Polymorphismswith Irinotecan-induced Toxicities:AMeta-analysis
GUOXiao-yu,LIZhi,QUXiu-juan,LIU Yun-peng
(DepartmentofMedicalOncology,The FirstHospital,China MedicalUniversity,Shenyang 110001,China)
Objective To conduct a meta-analysis of literatures to explore the relationship of UGT1A1*6gene polymorphism and irinotecan toxicity,so as to guide clinical treatment.MethodsPapers were searched by PubMed database and manual search.The inclusion and exclusion criteria of studies were formulated and the methodologies quality was assessed,data were extracted and the statistical analysis was made using STATA12.0 software.ResultsAtotalof12 articles were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Patients with mutated UGT1A1*6showed an increased risk for neutropenia compared to wild UGT1A1*6(OR=2.37,95%CI 1.58-3.55,P=0.001).Both homozygous and heterozygous mutation showed an increased risk for neutropenia compared to wild type and the homozygous mutation(OR=5.09,95%CI 2.74-9.45,P<0.001)showed an even higher risk for neutropenia compared to the heterozygous mutation(OR=2.07,95%CI 1.37-3.13,P=0.001).For severe diarrhea,mutated UGT1A1*6showed an increased risk compared to wild type(OR=1.48,95%CI 0.86-2.55,P=0.153),though without statistical significance.The homozygous mutation performed a significantly increased risk(OR=3.51,95%CI 1.33-9.25,P=0.011)and the heterozygous mutation also showed increased risk,however,the difference between them was notstatistically significant.ConclusionUGT1A1*6polymorphisms can predictirinotecan toxicity,especially forincidence ofneutropenia.
UGT1A1*6;polymorphisms;irinotecan;toxicity;meta-analysis
R73-31
A
0258-4646(2015)07-0596-06
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(81372485);遼寧省科學(xué)技術(shù)計(jì)劃(2011404013-1;2012225001);遼寧省高等學(xué)校杰出青年學(xué)者成長(zhǎng)計(jì)劃(LJQ2011082);高等學(xué)校博士學(xué)科點(diǎn)聯(lián)合資助(20112104110005)
郭曉玉(1988-),女,醫(yī)師,碩士.
劉云鵬,E-mail:cmuliuyunpeng@hotmail.com
2014-12-16
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